Headline
CVE-2022-21154: TALOS-2022-1464 || Cisco Talos Intelligence Group
An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the fltSaveCMP functionality of Leadtools 22. A specially-crafted BMP file can lead to an integer overflow, that in turn causes a buffer overflow. An attacker can provide a malicious BMP file to trigger this vulnerability.
Summary
An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the fltSaveCMP functionality of Leadtools 22. A specially-crafted BMP file can lead to an integer overflow, that in turn causes a buffer overflow. An attacker can provide a malicious BMP file to trigger this vulnerability.
Tested Versions
Leadtools Leadtools 22
Product URLs
Leadtools - https://www.leadtools.com/
CVSSv3 Score
8.8 - CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Details
LEADTOOLS is a collection of comprehensive toolkits to integrate and document medical, multimedia, and imaging technologies into desktop, server, tablet, and mobile applications.
Trying to load a malformed BMP file, we end up with the following situation:
(14a0.1e64): Access violation - code c0000005 (!!! second chance !!!)
Ltkrnx!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo+0x1bb1e:
00007ffd`9a869a7e f3a4 rep movs byte ptr [rdi],byte ptr [rsi]
0:000> r
rax=0000023de16c9600 rbx=000000000f32fd00 rcx=000000000a6d6300
rdx=0000000060435800 rsi=0000023e46758800 rdi=0000023de6323000
rip=00007ffd9a869a7e rsp=000000517bf5d938 rbp=000000005b31ee00
r8=000000000f32fd00 r9=000000000f32fd00 r10=0000023e41afee00
r11=0000023de16c9600 r12=0000000000000000 r13=0000000000000000
r14=0000000000000006 r15=0000000000001002
iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na pe cy
cs=0033 ss=002b ds=002b es=002b fs=0053 gs=002b efl=00010201
Ltkrnx!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo+0x1bb1e:
00007ffd`9a869a7e f3a4 rep movs byte ptr [rdi],byte ptr [rsi]
The access violation is happening into a function named copy_bytes_into_buffer described below.
The exception is happening while writing to _dest_buffer at LINE495.
LINE1 undefined8 *
LINE2 copy_bytes_into_buffer(undefined8 *dest_buffer,undefined8 *source_buffer,ulonglong size)
LINE3 {
LINE4
[...]
LINE492 /* copy_bytes when size is large */
LINE493 _dest_buffer = dest_buffer;
LINE494 for (; size != 0; size = size - 1) {
LINE495 *(undefined *)_dest_buffer = *(undefined *)source_buffer;
LINE496 source_buffer = (undefined8 *)((longlong)source_buffer + 1);
LINE497 _dest_buffer = (undefined8 *)((longlong)_dest_buffer + 1);
LINE498 }
LINE499 return dest_buffer;
LINE500 }
This is corresponding to the following disassembly code:
LINE501 copy_bytes
LINE502
LINE503 xt:7ff85a749a70 57 PUSH RDI
LINE504 xt:7ff85a749a71 56 PUSH RSI
LINE505 xt:7ff85a749a72 49 8b c3 MOV RAX,R11
LINE506 xt:7ff85a749a75 48 8b f9 MOV RDI,RCX dest_buffer
LINE507 xt:7ff85a749a78 49 8b c8 MOV RCX,R8 r8: size
LINE508 xt:7ff85a749a7b 49 8b f2 MOV RSI,R10 source_buffer
LINE509 xt:7ff85a749a7e f3 a4 MOVSB.REP RDI,RSI
LINE510 xt:7ff85a749a80 5e POP RSI
LINE511 xt:7ff85a749a81 5f POP RDI
LINE512 xt:7ff85a749a82 c3 RET
Looking at the callstack of the memory allocation for the destination buffer _dest_buffer pointed by rdi:
0:000> !ext.heap -p -a rdi
address 0000023fdd8f3000 found in
_DPH_HEAP_ROOT @ 23fbf5a1000
in busy allocation ( DPH_HEAP_BLOCK: UserAddr UserSize - VirtAddr VirtSize)
2404b590ea0: 23fd8c99600 4c59a00 - 23fd8c99000 4c5b000
00007ffdcb10867b ntdll!RtlDebugAllocateHeap+0x000000000000003b
00007ffdcb03d255 ntdll!RtlpAllocateHeap+0x00000000000000f5
00007ffdcb03b44d ntdll!RtlpAllocateHeapInternal+0x0000000000000a2d
00007ffda207bcc8 Ltkrnx!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo+0x000000000002dd68
00007ffda2038e45 Ltkrnx!L_LocalAlloc+0x00000000000000a5
00007ffda32eea37 lfCmpX!fltSaveCMP+0x0000000000000897
00007ffdb353056a Ltfilx!L_GetRasterPdfInfo+0x000000000000132a
00007ffdb3530ad7 Ltfilx!L_GetRasterPdfInfo+0x0000000000001897
00007ffdb3531a79 Ltfilx!L_SaveCustomFile+0x0000000000000e69
00007ffdb3531ad0 Ltfilx!L_SaveBitmap+0x0000000000000040
00007ff745301341 Fuzzme!fuzzme+0x00000000000000b1 [C:\Users\User\source\repos\Project1\LoadBitmap\LoadBitmap.cpp @ 50]
00007ff745301c98 Fuzzme!main+0x0000000000000588 [C:\Users\User\source\repos\Project1\LoadBitmap\LoadBitmap.cpp @ 198]
00007ff7453035d8 Fuzzme!__scrt_common_main_seh+0x000000000000010c [d:\a01\_work\6\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl @ 288]
00007ffdc9f57034 KERNEL32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x0000000000000014
00007ffdcb062651 ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x0000000000000021
The allocation lfCmpX!fltSaveCMP+0x0000000000000897 where the size of the destination is computed is made inside the function named lfCmpX!fltSaveCMP:
LINE513 ulonglong lfCmpX!fltSaveCMP(longlong *param_1)
LINE514 {
...
LINE515 puVar9 = (uint *)L_LocalAlloc((uVar2 + 1) * BytesPerLine,2,0x210,
LINE516 L"c:\\a2\\_w\\19eb7f22c663b560\\src\\fileformats\\c\\cmp\\common\\cm p.cpp"
LINE517 );
...
The allocation buffer is made LINE515 with a call to L_LocalAlloc function:
LINE518 void L_LocalAlloc(longlong param_1,longlong param_2,undefined8 param_3,
LINE519 LPCSTR possible_source_code_location)
LINE520
LINE521 {
[...]
LINE527 /* 0xa8da0 135 L_LocalAlloc */
LINE528 local_28 = DAT_7ff85a7db010 ^ (ulonglong)auStackY1144;
LINE529 FUN_7ff85a747b90(&local_448,'\0',0x210);
LINE530 if ((possible_source_code_location == (LPCSTR)0x0) || (possible_source_code_location[1] != '\0'))
LINE531 {
LINE532 FUN_7ff85a747b90(&local_238,'\0',0x210);
LINE533 if (possible_source_code_location != (LPCSTR)0x0) {
LINE534 MultiByteToWideChar(0,0,possible_source_code_location,0x108,(LPWSTR)&local_238,0x108);
LINE535 }
LINE536 }
LINE537 else {
LINE538 FUN_7ff85a74d21c(&local_448,0x108,possible_source_code_location);
LINE539 }
LINE540 _malloc_base(param_2 * param_1);
LINE541 handle_canary(local_28 ^ (ulonglong)auStackY1144);
LINE542 return;
LINE543 }
We can see into this function L_LocalAlloc the call to a wrapper of allocation of memory LINE540, taking the first two parameters of the function and multiplying them to get the total size to allocate. Now below the same code in assembly corresponding to the call to L_LocalAlloc LINE515:
LINE518 LAB_7ff8556eea10 XREF[1]: 7ff8556ee9de(j)
LINE519 xt:7ff8556eea10 8b 4b 0c MOV ECX,dword ptr [RBX + 0xc]
LINE520 LAB_7ff8556eea13 XREF[1]: 7ff8556eea0e(j)
LINE521 xt:7ff8556eea13 89 8b MOV dword ptr [RBX + 0xe4],ECX
LINE522 xt:7ff8556eea19 4c 8d LEA R9,[u_c:\a2\_w\19eb7f22c663b560\src\fi_7ff = u"c:\\a2\\_w\\19eb7f22c663b560\\src\\filefor
LINE523 xt:7ff8556eea20 ff c1 INC ECX
LINE524 xt:7ff8556eea22 ba 02 MOV EDX,0x2
LINE525 xt:7ff8556eea27 41 0f IMUL ECX,R15D
LINE526 xt:7ff8556eea2b 41 b8 MOV R8D,0x210
LINE527 xt:7ff8556eea31 ff 15 CALL qword ptr [->LTKRNX.DLL::L_LocalAlloc] = 8000000000000087
As this is an x64 calling convention, the first parameters are in RCX register, so we are looking to get the code (uVar2 + 1) * BytesPerLine into RCX. LINE521 we can see the ECX register used, containing in fact uVar2 earlier in the code, then incremented by one LINE523, and multiplied by R15 which is BytesPerLine.
The integer overflow happens in LINE525 during the multiplication, as it’s a 32-bits based operation, causing an allocation size smaller than really what it should be.
BytesPerLine is totally controlled and computed in an earlier function L_InitBitmapWithCallbacks :
LINE544 void L_InitBitmapWithCallbacks
LINE545 (pBITMAPHANDLE pBitmapHandle,uint uStructSize,int nWidth,int nHeigth,
LINE546 int nBitsPerPixel,undefined8 param_6)
LINE547
LINE548 {
LINE549 /* 0x21950 405 L_InitBitmapWithCallbacks */
LINE550 ...
LINE551 pBitmapHandle->Width = nWidth;
LINE552 iVar2 = 1;
LINE553 pBitmapHandle->Height = nHeigth;
LINE554 pBitmapHandle->BitsPerPixel = nBitsPerPixel;
LINE555 BytesPerLine = nWidth * nBitsPerPixel + 0x1fU >> 3 & 0x1ffffffc;
LINE556 pBitmapHandle->BytesPerLine = BytesPerLine;
LINE557 ...
LINE558 }
In LINE555 we can see BytesPerLine computed from the nWidth variable directly read from the file and nBitsPerPixel passed as a argument to the L_SaveBitmap call function, leading to the crash. The loop counter, which is controlling the rep movs byte ptr LINE509 in the assembly presented earlier, causes the crash and corresponds to the BytesPerLine which is also controlled. Thus a specially-crafted BMP file could trigger this integer overflow, which could lead to memory corruption.
Crash Information
0:000> !analyze -v
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Exception Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************
*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Program Files\Talos Vrt Team\LeadToolsFuzzing\bin\Fuzzme.exe
KEY_VALUES_STRING: 1
Key : AV.Fault
Value: Write
Key : Analysis.CPU.mSec
Value: 2890
Key : Analysis.DebugAnalysisManager
Value: Create
Key : Analysis.Elapsed.mSec
Value: 7159
Key : Analysis.Init.CPU.mSec
Value: 1171
Key : Analysis.Init.Elapsed.mSec
Value: 15966
Key : Analysis.Memory.CommitPeak.Mb
Value: 79
Key : Timeline.OS.Boot.DeltaSec
Value: 12422
Key : Timeline.Process.Start.DeltaSec
Value: 21
Key : WER.OS.Branch
Value: vb_release
Key : WER.OS.Timestamp
Value: 2019-12-06T14:06:00Z
Key : WER.OS.Version
Value: 10.0.19041.1
NTGLOBALFLAG: 2000000
APPLICATION_VERIFIER_FLAGS: 0
APPLICATION_VERIFIER_LOADED: 1
EXCEPTION_RECORD: (.exr -1)
ExceptionAddress: 00007ffd9a869a7e (Ltkrnx!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo+0x000000000001bb1e)
ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)
ExceptionFlags: 00000000
NumberParameters: 2
Parameter[0]: 0000000000000001
Parameter[1]: 0000023de6323000
Attempt to write to address 0000023de6323000
FAULTING_THREAD: 00001e64
PROCESS_NAME: Fuzzme.exe
WRITE_ADDRESS: 0000023de6323000
ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000005 - The instruction at 0x%p referenced memory at 0x%p. The memory could not be %s.
EXCEPTION_CODE_STR: c0000005
EXCEPTION_PARAMETER1: 0000000000000001
EXCEPTION_PARAMETER2: 0000023de6323000
STACK_TEXT:
00000051`7bf5d938 00007ffd`9a82887f : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00008cca`61bd98fb 00007ffd`9a7f128c : Ltkrnx!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo+0x1bb1e
00000051`7bf5d950 00007ffd`9a828f56 : 00000051`7bf5d9e0 0000023d`cd361ee0 00000000`00000006 00000000`0f32fd00 : Ltkrnx!L_RotateBitmapViewPerspective+0x24f
00000051`7bf5d980 00007ffd`b3801595 : 0000023d`cd361ee0 0000023e`5409eee0 0000023d`e16c9600 00007ffd`9a7f8bf5 : Ltkrnx!L_GetBitmapRow+0x116
00000051`7bf5d9c0 00007ffd`99d3ec62 : 0000023e`54090cc0 00000051`7bf5dc90 0000023d`e16c9600 0000023d`00000007 : Ltfilx!L_SaveCustomFile+0x985
00000051`7bf5da70 00007ffd`b380056a : 00000000`00001002 00000051`00001002 0000023d`00000000 00000000`00000006 : lfCmpX!fltSaveCMP+0xac2
00000051`7bf5dbd0 00007ffd`b3800ad7 : 00000000`00000013 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : Ltfilx!L_GetRasterPdfInfo+0x132a
00000051`7bf5e790 00007ffd`b3801a79 : 00007ff7`45305578 00007ffd`c87ab3e4 00007ffd`c887f4e8 00000000`00000000 : Ltfilx!L_GetRasterPdfInfo+0x1897
00000051`7bf5efe0 00007ffd`b3801ad0 : 00000000`00000000 00000051`7bf5f330 0000023d`c90adfe0 00000051`7bf5f0b8 : Ltfilx!L_SaveCustomFile+0xe69
00000051`7bf5f060 00007ff7`45301341 : 00007ff7`45305578 0000023d`c90adfe0 0000023d`cd3117c0 00000000`00000001 : Ltfilx!L_SaveBitmap+0x40
00000051`7bf5f0b0 00007ff7`45301c98 : 0000023d`c80e3000 ffffffff`00000076 0000023d`ccba0fe0 00000051`7bf5f290 : Fuzzme!fuzzme+0xb1
00000051`7bf5f230 00007ff7`453035d8 : 0000023d`c907dfa0 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 0000023d`c8466ea0 : Fuzzme!main+0x588
00000051`7bf5f990 00007ffd`c9f57034 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : Fuzzme!__scrt_common_main_seh+0x10c
00000051`7bf5f9d0 00007ffd`cb062651 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : KERNEL32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x14
00000051`7bf5fa00 00000000`00000000 : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x21
SYMBOL_NAME: Ltkrnx!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo+1bb1e
MODULE_NAME: Ltkrnx
IMAGE_NAME: Ltkrnx.dll
STACK_COMMAND: dt ntdll!LdrpLastDllInitializer BaseDllName ; dt ntdll!LdrpFailureData ; ~0s ; .cxr ; kb
FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: INVALID_POINTER_WRITE_STRING_DEREFERENCE_AVRF_c0000005_Ltkrnx.dll!L_LicLibGetMachineInfo
OS_VERSION: 10.0.19041.1
BUILDLAB_STR: vb_release
OSPLATFORM_TYPE: x64
OSNAME: Windows 10
IMAGE_VERSION: 22.0.0.9
FAILURE_ID_HASH: {6a0d6765-25be-9357-f56d-a64cbc643a17}
Followup: MachineOwner
---------
Vendor Response
The fix is included in C / C++: LfCmp v21.0.0.12 v22.0.0.6
.NET / Java: Leadtools.Codecs.Cmp v21.0.0.13 v22.0.0.6
https://files.leadtools.com/index.php/s/joFz7BcCZYMot5Q
Timeline
2022-02-02 - Initial vendor contact
2022-03-15 - Public Release
Discovered by Emmanuel Tacheau of Cisco Talos.