Did you know that Red Hat Insights for Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) can be used to help detect the presence of malware? This makes it more likely that you’ll know when a RHEL system has sustained a malware attack. The effectiveness of Insights for this purpose is enhanced by threat intelligence subscriptions from IBM X-Force, in collaboration with Red Hat.

The Insights malware-detection service is a monitoring and assessment tool that scans RHEL systems for the presence of known malware. The system incorporates YARA pattern-matching software and detection signatures.

Insights is a cloud-based service that can be accessed from the Red Hat customer portal. This means there is no maintenance to be done on the user’s end. Simply integrate it with Insights clients, which are available for almost all subscriptions to RHEL, Red Hat OpenShift and Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform.

Insights proactively and continuously analyzes platforms and applications to help predict risks, recommend actions, track licenses and manage costs. This helps enterprises better manage their on-premise and hybrid cloud environments.

Sound good? Then I’ll show you how easy it is to integrate your Red Hat environment, issue the first report on malware detection, and other useful information for smooth-running Red Hat systems.

Prerequisites

Since this is a modern solution, we will need a supported operating system.

• The operating system version must be RHEL8 or RHEL9
• The administrator must have administrative or sudo access to the system
• The Insights client package must be installed
• The environment must be registered in Insights for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• The system must be able to access the Red Hat Cloud Console via direct internet access or HTTP proxy
• User permission on malware-detection groups, roles and members in User Access

Laboratory

We will work with an RHEL 8 system to better exemplify the reports generated. We will intentionally adjust some items to provide a better analysis by Insights.

The fully qualified domain name (FQDN) will be:

• Host: rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com

Host

For the host, we’ll use RHEL 8.5, with no updates and Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) disabled. This insecure setup is necessary to generate more inputs to Insights.

• A regular update routine in a real production environment is important. Likewise SELinux should operate in Enforcing mode to increase the reliability of a production environment.

Before proceeding with the YARA installation, we need to perform three important basic tasks:

• Take care that the environment clock is always synchronized
• Set the timezone correctly
• Perform the system subscription

Basic tasks

Disable SELinux (again, in real production environments, we recommend using SELinux in Enforcing mode), and perform the basic tasks:

# sed -i s/’\=enforcing’/’\=disabled’/g /etc/selinux/config

timedatectl set-timezone America/Sao_Paulo

hostnamectl set-hostname rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com

You may want to logout/login before performing the next steps:

# subscription-manager register --auto-attach

subscription-manager status

subscription-manager repos

dnf -y install chrony

systemctl enable --now chronyd.service

chronyc sources

reboot

Don’t update the system yet!

Software installation

Now the YARA and Insights packages:

# dnf -y install yara insights-client

Only these packages are needed for the magic to happen. Very handy.

Using Insights

Let’s move on to performing the basic tasks below:

• Connection test
• Registering the system in Insights
• Scanning the system for malware

Connection test

Test the connection to Insights for RHEL.

# insights-client --test-connection

Running Connection Tests… === Begin Upload URL Connection Test === Testing: https://cert-api.access.redhat.com/r/insights/uploads/ POST https://cert-api.access.redhat.com/r/insights/uploads/ HTTP Status: 200 OK HTTP Response Text: {"request_id":"e7d200e80a","upload":{"account_number":"000000X","org_id":"1111111Y"}} Successfully connected to: https://cert-api.access.redhat.com/r/insights/uploads/ === End Upload URL Connection Test: SUCCESS ===

=== Begin API URL Connection Test === Testing: https://cert-api.access.redhat.com/r/insights/ GET https://cert-api.access.redhat.com/r/insights/ HTTP Status: 200 OK HTTP Response Text: lub-dub Successfully connected to: https://cert-api.access.redhat.com/r/insights/ === End API URL Connection Test: SUCCESS ===

Connectivity tests completed successfully See /var/log/insights-client/insights-client.log for more details.

In the example above, we can see that the system was able to connect to the Insights cloud services.

Registering the system in Insights

Register the system with Insights.

# insights-client --register

Successfully registered host rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com Automatic scheduling for Insights has been enabled. Starting to collect Insights data for rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com Uploading Insights data. Successfully uploaded report from rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com to account 000000X. View the Red Hat Insights console at https://console.redhat.com/insights/

System successfully registered in Insights. Now move on to the next step.

Malware scanning

Run the Insights client malware-detection collector. This operation will take a while to finish.

# insights-client --collector malware-detection

Starting to collect Insights data for rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com Writing the malware-detection app default configuration to /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml

Performing a test scan of /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml and the current process (PID 5638) to verify the malware-detection app is installed and scanning correctly …

Starting filesystem scan … Scanning specified files in /etc … Matched rule TEST_RedHatInsightsMalwareDetection in file /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml Scan time for /etc: 0 seconds Filesystem scan time: 00:00:00 Starting processes scan … Scanning process 5638 … Matched rule TEST_RedHatInsightsMalwareDetection in process 5638 Scan time for process 5638: 0 seconds Processes scan time: 00:00:00 Found 2 rule matches.

Red Hat Insights malware-detection app test scan complete. Test scan results are not recorded in the Insights UI (https://console.redhat.com/insights/malware) To perform proper scans, please set test_scan: false in /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml

Uploading Insights data. Successfully uploaded report for rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com.

A rule related to "TEST_RedHatInsightsMalwareDetection" will be matched, but this is intentional and nothing to worry about, as the operation was performed in "test" mode. Later on we will see how to deactivate the test mode.

The results of the initial scan may not yet appear in the detection service’s Web UI, but Insights will be fully operational and update the Web UI with some information.

Go to the Insights console and check the Insights findings for your system.

Insights advisory

Vulnerabilities found

Pending patches

The collector takes the following actions during this first run:

• Creates a malware detection configuration testing file at /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml.
• Performs a test scan and uploads the results

Next, we will see how to customize the generated YAML configuration to enable other functions, as this initial scan only does simpler checks.

Edit /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml and set the test_scan option to false.

# sed -i s/’test_scan:\ true’/’test_scan:\ false’/g /etc/insights-client/malware-detection-config.yml

There are other YAML configuration options you can explore, but for now, we’ll just stick with what we have.

Now perform a full filesystem scan, by re-running the Insights client collector:

# insights-client --collector malware-detection Starting to collect Insights data for rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com Skipping missing filesystem_scan_exclude item: ‘/cgroup’ Skipping missing filesystem_scan_exclude item: ‘/selinux’ Skipping missing filesystem_scan_exclude item: ‘/net’ Excluding specified filesystem items: ['/proc’, '/sys’, '/mnt’, '/media’, ‘/dev’] Starting filesystem scan … Scanning files in /.autorelabel … Scan time for /.autorelabel: 0 seconds Scanning files in /.bash_history … Scan time for /.bash_history: 0 seconds Scanning files in /boot … Scan time for /boot: 0 seconds Scanning files in /etc … Scan time for /etc: 0 seconds Scanning files in /home … Scan time for /home: 0 seconds Scanning files in /opt … Scan time for /opt: 0 seconds Scanning files in /root … Scan time for /root: 0 seconds Scanning files in /run … Scan time for /run: 0 seconds Scanning files in /srv … Scan time for /srv: 0 seconds Scanning specified files in /tmp … Scan time for /tmp: 0 seconds Scanning files in /usr … Scan time for /usr: 65 seconds Scanning specified files in /var … Scan time for /var: 4 seconds Filesystem scan time: 00:01:11 No rule matches found. Uploading Insights data. Successfully uploaded report for rhel8-yara-testing.rhbrlabs.com.

Logs

Check the Insights and malware detection logs at: /var/log/insights-client/insights-client.log

Insights and malware detection logs

View results of malware-detection system scans on the Hybrid Cloud Console

Prerequisites:

• You must be logged into the Hybrid Cloud Console (https://console.redhat.com)
• You are a member of a Hybrid Cloud Console User Access group with the Malware detection administrator or Malware detection viewer role.

NOTE: An Organization Administrator must create malware-detection groups in Red Hat Hybrid Cloud Console > User Access > Groups and add the necessary malware-detection roles and members (registered users on the account).

Navigate to Red Hat Enterprise Linux > Malware > Systems.

In the Insights dashboard in the customer portal, we can see the malware scan results as well as other health and safety recommendations for the environment:

Malware scan results

IMPORTANT: There is no “default-group” role for malware-detection service users. For users to view data or control settings in the malware-detection service, they must be members of one or more User Access groups with one of the following roles:

• Malware detection viewer
• Malware detection administrator

In the malware-detection service UI, User Access-authorized administrators and viewers can:

• See the list of signatures against which their RHEL systems are scanned
• See aggregate results for all RHEL systems with malware-detection enabled in the Insights client
• See results for individual systems
• Know when a system shows evidence of the presence of malware

These features give security threat assessors and IT incident-response teams valuable information to help prepare a response.

Useful links

• Red Hat Insights
• Product Documentation for Red Hat Insights 2022
• Get started using the Insights for RHEL malware-detection service