#Security Vulnerability

**According to the CVSS metric, successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to some loss of confidentiality (C:L)? What does that mean for this vulnerability?** When an existing image is partially overwritten, an attacker may be able to recover parts of the original image through the use of a special tool.

**According to the CVSS metrics, successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to major loss of confidentiality (C:H), integrity (I:H) and availability (A:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability?** An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could access a user's Net-NTLMv2 hash which could be used as a basis of an NTLM Relay attack against another service to authenticate as the user.

**What type of information could be disclosed by this vulnerability?** This vulnerability could disclose sensitive information on the victim's file system as well as achieve data exfiltration.

**What is the relationship between Mark of the Web and Windows SmartScreen?** When you download a file from the internet, Windows adds the zone identifier or Mark of the Web as an NTFS stream to the file. So, when you run the file, Windows SmartScreen checks if there is a zone identifier Alternate Data Stream (ADS) attached to the file. If the ADS indicates ZoneId=3 which means that the file was downloaded from the internet, the SmartScreen does a reputation check. For more information on SmartScreen, please visit Microsoft Defender SmartScreen overview | Microsoft Learn.

**According to the CVSS metric, user interaction is required (UI:R). What interaction would the user have to do?** An attacker would have to send the victim a malicious URL that the victim would have to execute.

**What type of information could be disclosed by this vulnerability?** An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could potentially read small portions of heap memory.

**What privileges could be gained by an attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability?** An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain SYSTEM privileges.

**According to the CVSS metric, the attack complexity is high (AC:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability?** Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to prepare the target environment to improve exploit reliability.

**How could an attacker exploit this vulnerability?** In most situations, an unauthenticated attacker could send a specially crafted packet to a targeted server utilizing the HTTP Protocol Stack (http.sys) to process packets.

**How could an attacker exploit this vulnerability?** To exploit this vulnerability, an unauthenticated attacker would need to send a specially crafted RPC call to an RPC host. This could result in remote code execution on the server side with the same permissions as the RPC service.