#auth

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM), Cisco Unified CM Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME), and Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service (Unified CM IM&P) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the interface. This vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information.

Oppia is an online learning platform. When comparing a received CSRF token against the expected token, Oppia uses the string equality operator (`==`), which is not safe against timing attacks. By repeatedly submitting invalid tokens, an attacker can brute-force the expected CSRF token character by character. Once they have recovered the token, they can then submit a forged request on behalf of a logged-in user and execute privileged actions on that user's behalf. In particular the function to validate received CSRF tokens is at `oppia.core.controllers.base.CsrfTokenManager.is_csrf_token_valid`. An attacker who can lure a logged-in Oppia user to a malicious website can perform any change on Oppia that the user is authorized to do, including changing profile information; creating, deleting, and changing explorations; etc. Note that the attacker cannot change a user's login credentials. An attack would need to complete within 1 second because every second, the time used in computing the t...

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Expressway Series and Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with read-write privileges on the application to perform a command injection attack that could result in remote code execution on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to establish a remote shell with root privileges.

Dell BIOS contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use vulnerability in BIOS. A local authenticated malicious user with physical access to the system could potentially exploit this vulnerability by using a specifically timed DMA transaction during an SMI in order to gain arbitrary code execution on the system.

Dell BIOS contains an improper authentication vulnerability. A malicious user with physical access to the system may potentially exploit this vulnerability in order to modify a security-critical UEFI variable without knowledge of the BIOS administrator.

The AudioCodes VoIP phones can be managed centrally, whereby configuration files are provided and requested by the phones at a central location. These configuration files can also be provided in encrypted form. This is intended to protect sensitive information within the configuration files from unauthorized access. Due to the use of a hardcoded cryptographic key, an attacker is able to decrypt encrypted configuration files and retrieve sensitive information. Firmware versions greater than or equal to 3.4.8.M4 are affected.

The AudioCodes VoIP phones store sensitive information, e.g. credentials and passwords, in encrypted form in their configuration files. These encrypted values can also be automatically configured, e.g. via the "One Voice Operation Center" or other central device management solutions. Due to the use of a hardcoded cryptographic key, an attacker with access to these configuration files is able to decrypt the encrypted values and retrieve sensitive information, e.g. the device root password. Firmware versions greater than or equal to 3.4.8.M4 are affected.

AudioCodes VoIP Phones with firmware versions greater than or equal to 3.4.4.1000 have been found to have validation of firmware images that only consists of simple checksum checks for different firmware components.

Hyip Rio version 2.1 suffers from an arbitrary file upload vulnerability that can be leveraged to commit cross site scripting attacks.

Ubuntu Security Notice 6293-1 - It was discovered that OpenStack Heat incorrectly handled certain hidden parameter values. A remote authenticated user could possibly use this issue to obtain sensitive data.