#windows

**According to the CVSS metric, user interaction is required (UI:R). What interaction would the user have to do?** Exploitation of the vulnerability requires that a user open a specially crafted file. * In an email attack scenario, an attacker could exploit the vulnerability by sending the specially crafted file to the user and convincing the user to open the file. * In a web-based attack scenario, an attacker could host a website (or leverage a compromised website that accepts or hosts user-provided content) containing a specially crafted file designed to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker would have no way to force users to visit the website. Instead, an attacker would have to convince users to click a link, typically by way of an enticement in an email or instant message, and then convince them to open the specially crafted file.

Mitigation refers to a setting, common configuration, or general best-practice, existing in a default state, that could reduce the severity of exploitation of a vulnerability. The following mitigating factors might be helpful in your situation: The Windows message queuing service, which is a Windows component, needs to be enabled for a system to be exploitable by this vulnerability. This feature can be added via the Control Panel. You can check to see if there is a service running named **Message Queuing** and TCP port 1801 is listening on the machine.

**According to the CVSS metric, the attack complexity is high (AC:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability?** Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires an attacker to take additional actions prior to exploitation to prepare the target environment.

This vulnerability is only exploitable on Windows Servers that have installed and configured the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) role which is not installed and configured by default. Please see Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS) | Microsoft Learn for more information. You might also benefit by reading more about Roles here: Roles, Role Services, and Features included in Windows Server - Server Core | Microsoft Learn

**How could an attacker exploit this vulnerability?** An attacker with Certificate Authority (CA) read access permissions can send a specially crafted request to a vulnerable Certificate Server. By default, only domain administrators are granted CA read access.

**How could an attacker exploit this vulnerability?** An unauthenticated attacker could exploit the vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to a Windows Server configured as a Layer-2 Bridge.

This vulnerability is only exploitable on Windows Servers that have installed and configured the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) role which is not installed and configured by default. Please see Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS) | Microsoft Learn for more information. You might also benefit by reading more about Roles here: Roles, Role Services, and Features included in Windows Server - Server Core | Microsoft Learn

This vulnerability is only exploitable on Windows Servers that have installed and configured the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) role which is not installed and configured by default. Please see Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS) | Microsoft Learn for more information. You might also benefit by reading more about Roles here: Roles, Role Services, and Features included in Windows Server - Server Core | Microsoft Learn

**What security feature is bypassed with this vulnerability?** The RDP Gateway protocol is enforcing the usage of Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) version 1.0, which is a deprecated (RFC 8996) protocol with known vulnerabilities. An attacker with a machine-in-the-middle (MitM) position who successfully exploited this vulnerability could compromise the confidentiality and integrity of data when the targeted user connects to a trusted server.

**What type of information could be disclosed by this vulnerability?** An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could potentially read small portions of heap memory.