Plus: Google’s U-turn on creepy “fingerprint” tracking, the LockBit ransomware gang’s teased comeback, and a potential US ban on the most popular routers in America.

It’s been a busy year in cybersecurity, but it’s not over yet. This week, we revealed how hackers figured out how to “jailbreak” digital license plates—which are legally issued in at least a couple of states and are valid across the US—allowing them to change the license plate number to basically anything. That means someone with this capability can avoid tolls and tickets, or even change their plate to be the same as their enemy.

While the company that makes the plates, Reviver, makes clear that doing this would be both illegal and a terms-of-service violation, we’re guessing that the people who want to hide their car’s credentials so they can speed all over town aren’t too concerned about that.

Staff at the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency are preparing for an uncertain future. Several CISA employees told WIRED that they’re afraid the incoming Trump administration will scrap key programs that they say are keeping Americans safe from cyberattacks and other threats—or that the agency itself could be dismantled.

In recent years, financial scams that involve bilking people out of their cryptocurrency holdings have come to be known by an eye-catching, catch-all name: “pig butchering.” But it’s time for a rebrand, according to officials at Interpol. The term, which is a translation from Chinese and refers to the slow process of fattening up a pig before slaughtering it, was likely created by the scammers themselves. As such, its use could further degrade victims of these scams or shame them into not reporting a crime.

Doing crimes in public is, apparently, all the rage. We took a deep dive into the world of drug dealers who are advertising their goods on open web platforms like Instagram, X, and Snapchat. The practice isn’t new, but authorities in Europe say it’s growing more popular.

And that’s not all. Each week, we round up the security and privacy news we didn’t cover in depth ourselves. Click the headlines to read the full stories. And stay safe out there.

**FAA Bans Drones Over Parts of NJ and NY but “Has Not Identified Anything Anomalous”**

The US Federal Aviation Administration said on Thursday that it was temporarily banning drone flights over dozens of critical infrastructure and utility sites in New Jersey and New York “at the request of federal security partners.” The restrictions are set to last 30 days. The announcement comes as panic over reported mysterious drone sightings in the two states has surged in recent weeks. The FAA said in a joint statement with the US Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, and FBI on Wednesday that the US government has not found evidence of malicious or unexplained aircraft.

"Having closely examined the technical data and tips from concerned citizens, we assess that the sightings to date include a combination of lawful commercial drones, hobbyist drones, and law enforcement drones, as well as manned fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and stars mistakenly reported as drones,” the agencies wrote. "We have not identified anything anomalous and do not assess the activity to date to present a national security or public safety risk over the civilian airspace in New Jersey or other states in the northeast.”

The agencies said that the FBI has received more than 5,000 tips about reported drone sightings in recent weeks that have generated about 100 leads investigated by local, state, and federal officials. None have proved to be problematic or concerning. The mass hysteria is itself creating dangerous conditions, though. The FAA warned on Wednesday that there has been a significant uptick in people pointing lasers at aircraft, which is illegal because it can be dangerous and distracting for pilots.

**Google U-Turn Allows Creepy “Fingerprint” Tracking Next Year**

Back in 2019, Google made its position on the online tracking method called fingerprinting pretty clear. “Unlike cookies, users cannot clear their fingerprint, and therefore cannot control how their information is collected,” the company said in a blog post. “We think this subverts user choice and is wrong.”

That viewpoint appears to have changed. This week, Google announced that, starting in February 2025, advertisers would be allowed to use fingerprinting. The method is largely hidden and allows online activity to be tracked by building up a profile using characteristics from your device—for instance, your phone type, language settings, timezone, can be combined with other information unique to your setup and identify you.

Google indicated the change in new advertising policies, which will go into force next year. The current version of the policy says fingerprinting is not allowed, while that reference has been scrubbed from the new version. The change drew instant criticism, with the UK’s data regulator, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), saying that “fingerprinting is not a fair means of tracking users online” and it called the U-turn “irresponsible.” The ICO said it is talking to Google about the shift.

**LockBit Teases Potential Comeback as Alleged Developer Faces US Extradition**

Early this year, the notorious Lockbit ransomware group was thoroughly dismantled by a law enforcement operation, called Operation Cronos. The group’s website was taken over, details of its members and their cyberattacks extracted, decryption tools released, and its alleged Russian mastermind identified.

Now, the US government is attempting to extradite Rostislav Panev, an Israeli citizen who it suggested worked as a LockBit developer between 2019 and 2024. According to Ynet news, Panev was arrested in August and it is alleged that he received more than $230,000 in Bitcoin and developed ransomware tools from the gang. According to a complaint unsealed by US officials, Panev said he was regularly paid $10,000 per month for software development. Panev’s lawyers deny the claims.

At the same time, the organizers of the LockBit ransomware claim that they have created a new “4.0” version of their tools and will be “launching” them in February. A post on LockBit’s reincarnated dark-web sites urged potential hackers to sign up. As with many cybercrime groups, LockBit has lied about its activities in the past, and following the humiliation of its disruption, many other cybercriminals may not trust its tattered brand.

**One of America’s Most Popular Router Manufacturers May Be Banned**

Chinese technology company and router maker TP-Link could be banned in the US, a report from The Wall Street Journal this week claimed. Officials at the Defense, Commerce, and Justice departments have launched investigations into the company over potential cybersecurity and national security concerns around its routers. The Commerce Department has reportedly subpoenaed TP-Link, which has more than 60 percent of the US retail market for routers. A ban could reportedly happen next year.

While TP-Link is a Chinese company, its products are sold in the US by a separate California-based business. In October, Microsoft said that TP-Link routers “make up most” of a network of compromised devices that it has detected being used in Chinese hacking campaigns. The news of the potential ban follows the previous bans of Huawei and ZTE equipment and comes as TikTok will challenge its ban before the US Supreme Court in early January.

Mystery Drone Sightings Lead to FAA Ban Despite No Detected Threats

Criminals are luring victims looking to download software and tricking them into running a malicious command.

More and more, threat actors are leveraging the browser to deliver malware in ways that can evade detection from antivirus programs. Social engineering is a core part of these schemes and the tricks we see are sometimes very clever.

Case in point, there has been an increase in attacks that involve copying a malicious command into the clipboard, only to be later pasted and executed by the victims themselves. Who would have though that copy/paste could be so dangerous?

The new campaign we observed uses a a combination of malicious ads and decoy pages for software brands, followed by a fake Cloudflare notification that instructs users to manually run a few key combinations. Unbeknownst to them, they are actually executing PowerShell code that retrieves and installs malware.

**The discovery**

Our investigation into this campaign started from a suspicious ad for ‘notepad’ while performing a Google search. Such search queries have been a hot spot for criminals who want to lure victims that are looking to download programs onto their computer.

Based on previous evidence, criminals are tricking victims into visiting a lookalike site with the goal of downloading malware. In this case, the first part was true, but what unfolded next was new to us.

When we clicked the Download button, we were redirected to a new page that appeared to be Cloudflare asking us to “_verify you are human by completing the action below_“. This type of message is more and more common, as site owners try to prevent bots and other unwanted traffic.

But rather than having to solve a CAPTCHA, we saw another unexpected message: _“Your browser does not support correct offline display of this document. Please follow the instructions below using the “Fix it” button_“.

**Powerful technique**

This technique is actually not new in itself, and similar variants have been seen both via email spam and compromised websites before. It is sometimes referred to as ClearFake or ClickFix, and requires users to perform a manual action to execute a malicious PowerShell command.

Clicking on the ‘Fix It’ button copies that command into memory (the machine’s clipboard). Of course the user has no idea what it is, and may follow the instructions that ask to press the Windows and ‘R’ key to open the Run command dialog. CTRL+V pastes that command and Enter executes it.

Once the code runs, it will download a file from a remote domain (_topsportracing\[.\]com_) within the script. We tested that payload in a sandbox and observed immediate fingerprinting:

C:\\Users\\Admin\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\10.exe  
    C:\\Windows\\SYSTEM32\\systeminfo.exe  
        C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe  
            C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe /c "wmic computersystem get manufacturer"

The information is then sent back to a command and control server (_peter-secrets-diana-yukon\[.\]trycloudflare\[.\]com_) abusing Cloudflare tunnels:

The use of Cloudflare tunnels by criminals was previously reported by Proofpoint to deliver RATs. We weren’t able to observe a final payload but it is likely of a similar kind, perhaps an infostealer.

**Campaign targets several brands**

This was not an isolated campaign for Notepad, as we soon found additional sites with a similar lure. There was a Microsoft Teams landing page which used exactly the same trick, followed by others such as FileZilla, UltraViewer, CutePDF and Advanced IP Scanner.

Oddly, we saw a lure for a cruise booking site. We have no idea how that came to be, unless the criminals agree that everyone needs a vacation sometimes.

**Overlap with other campaigns**

As mentioned previously, this type of social engineering attack is getting more and more popular. Researchers are tracking several different families under different names such as the original SocGholish.

Interestingly, the same domain (_topsportracing\[.\]com_) we saw in the malicious PowerShell command for Notepad++ was also used recently in another campaign known as #KongTuke:

As these schemes are being increasingly used by criminals, it is important to be aware of the processes involved. The Windows key and the letter ‘R’ pressed together open the Run dialog box. This is not something that most users will ever need to do, so always think carefully whenever you are instructed to perform this.

Malwarebytes customers are protected against this attack via our web protection engine for both the malicious sites and PowerShell command.

**We don’t just report on threats—we remove them**

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

**Indicators of Compromise**

Malicious domains

notepad-plus-plus.bonuscos\[.\]com  
microsoft.team-chaats\[.\]com  
cute-pdf\[.\]com  
ultra-viewer\[.\]com  
globalnetprotect\[.\]com  
sunsetsailcruises\[.\]com  
jam-softwere\[.\]com  
advanceipscaner\[.\]com  
filezila-project\[.\]com  
vape-wholesale-usa\[.\]com

Servers used before Cloudflare proxy

185.106.94\[.\]190  
89.31.143\[.\]90  
94.156.177\[.\]6  
141.8.192\[.\]93

Malware download URLs

hxxp\[://\]topsportracing\[.\]com/wpnot21  
hxxp\[://\]topsportracing\[.\]com/wp-s2  
hxxp\[://\]topsportracing\[.\]com/wp-s3  
hxxp\[://\]topsportracing\[.\]com/wp-25  
hxxp\[://\]chessive\[.\]com/10\[.\]exe  
hxxp\[://\]212\[.\]34\[.\]130\[.\]110/1\[.\]e

Malware C2

peter-secrets-diana-yukon\[.\]trycloudflare\[.\]com

 &#8216;Fix It&#8217; social-engineering scheme impersonates several brands 

In the last newsletter of the year, Thorsten recalls his tech-savvy gift to his family and how we can all incorporate cybersecurity protections this holiday season.

Thursday, December 19, 2024 14:02

Welcome to the final Threat Source newsletter of 2024. 

Watching "Die Hard" during the Christmas season has become a widely recognized tradition for many, despite ongoing debates about its classification as a Christmas movie. I know it isn't everyone's cup of tea. Whether you like the movie or not, let me share a story about what didn't quite go as planned in my family last year.  

When  some celebrities had their social media accounts compromised, I saw it as the perfect opportunity to introduce my family to the world of multi-factor authentication (MFA) for their online accounts. Our home IT setup is diverse— With Linux, Macs, Windows; Androids, iOS, we needed something cross-platform. Also, we needed a user-friendly solution as we have both standard users and IT experts (never underestimate your users). From my professional standpoint, I decided to go “all in” with hardware tokens - they work cross platform and "survive" one or the other OS installs from scratch. Providing two for each person was mandatory in case one got lost, which had happened to me already. So it wasn't a cheap exercise. In my defense, this was before the side-channel attack EUCLEAK was discovered, which has since expanded to affect more products as noted in the first release. 

In the spirit of John McClane : “Now I know what a TV dinner feels like.” 

The kids found the gift "boring" and almost a year later, the adoption rate is still only 30%. Fortunately, my wife had the foresight to prepare real presents for the family, saving Christmas Eve from being a "bad guys win" scenario. (Only John Thor can drive somebody that crazy.) 

I share this anecdote not to discourage you, but to help you avoid making the same mistake and risking your celebrations. Unless everyone gathered around the Christmas tree is an infosec professional, it might not be the time to go "Yippee-ki-yay Mr Falcon" with tech gifts.  

However, spending time with loved ones is a great opportunity to discuss the trends and importance of cybersecurity. We've been highlighting compromised credentials for a long time, as seen in our previous posts \[here\], \[here\], \[here\] and \[here\]. For the fourth consecutive time in over a year, the most observed means of gaining initial access was the use of valid accounts, making it clear identity-based attacks are becoming more prevalent, and wont be gone anytime soon. 

 Advocate for the use of a password managers—there are paid versions with family plans on one end, and excellent open-source alternatives on the other. Avoid storing credentials in browsers, as they can be extracted by info-stealers. Consider using passkeys where possible. According to the fido alliance, more than 20% of the world's top 100 websites support passkeys already. If passkeys are not yet enabled for one of your services? Any MFA is better than none. Even using "just" TOTP in a software container is a significant improvement over just a password. 

But it's not just about enabling MFA. As Martin wrote last week, we need to close the gap by communicating and understanding the the threat landscape. When it comes to stolen credentials, share resources like https://haveibeenpwned.com/ or https://sec.hpi.de/ilc/?lang=en with your loved ones so they can check if their email has been part of a breach.   

If you decide not to bother your friends & famliy (though I strongly believe Mbappe, Sweeny and Odenkirk would have preferred a more secure account) with Account/Password Hygiene, there are some more work related recommendations in Hazel’s “How are attackers trying to bypass MFA” 

Whichever is your idea of Christmas, then, like Argyle said, "I gotta be here for New Year's!"  

We look forward to seeing you in 2025!   

**The one big thing**

At the time of writing, our Vulnerability Research Team Disclosed 207 Vulnerabilities, and had another 93 reported to the respective Vendor in 2024.  Di you know  Talos has a team which investigates software and operating system vulnerabilities in order to discover them before malicious threat actors do? Every day, they try to find vulnerabilities that have not yet been discovered, and then work to provide a fix for those before a zero-day threat could ever be executed. 

**Why do I care? **

We see threat actors exploiting known vulnerabilities constantly. Sometimes those CVEs are Years old.  

**So now what? **

Maybe you want to check for some CVEs or conduct a network security assessments.   
You can our team’s reports,roundups,spotlights and deep dives on our blog. 

**Top security headlines of the week **

 Blackhat Europe 2024 took place Dec 9-12 in London, UK. Loaded with a lot of interesting Sessions, my favorites are “Vulnerabilities in the eSIM download protocol” and “Over the Air: Compromise of Modern Volkswagen Group Vehicles” both showing how far an attack surface can possibly extend.  

Germany's Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) says it blocked communication between appr. 30.000 Android IoT Devices which were sold with BadBox malware preinstalled, and their command and control (C2) infrastructure by sinkholing DNS queries (Bleeping Computer)  

Law enforcement agencies worldwide disrupted a holiday tradition for cybercriminals: launching Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. Booter and stresser websites were taken down, administrators were arrested and over 300 users were identified for planned operational activities. (Europool) 

The Willow chip is not capable of breaking modern cryptography,” Google’s director of quantum tells The Verge.

**Can’t get enough Talos? **

*   The evolution and abuse of proxy networks 
*   Microsoft Patch Tuesday for December 2024 contains four critical vulnerabilities 

**Upcoming events where you can find Talos **

  Cisco Live EMEA (February 9-14, 2025) 

Amsterdam, Netherlands 

**Most prevalent malware files from Talos telemetry over the past week  **

**SHA256:**873ee789a177e59e7f82d3030896b1efdebe468c2dfa02e41ef94978aadf006f   
**MD5:** d86808f6e519b5ce79b83b99dfb9294d    
**VirusTotal:**  
https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/873ee789a177e59e7f82d3030896b1efdebe468c2dfa02e41ef94978aadf006f   
**Typical Filename:** n/a   
**Claimed Product:** n/a    
**Detection Name:** Win32.Trojan-Stealer.Petef.FPSKK8  

**SHA256:**9f1f11a708d393e0a4109ae189bc64f1f3e312653dcf317a2bd406f18ffcc507   
**MD5:** 2915b3f8b703eb744fc54c81f4a9c67f    
**VirusTotal:**  
https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/9f1f11a708d393e0a4109ae189bc64f1f3e312653dcf317a2bd406f18ffcc507    
**Typical Filename:** VID001.exe    
**Claimed Product:** n/a    
**Detection Name:** Win.Worm.Bitmin-9847045-0 

 **SHA 256:**  
7b3ec2365a64d9a9b2452c22e82e6d6ce2bb6dbc06c6720951c9570a5cd46fe5    
**MD5:** ff1b6bb151cf9f671c929a4cbdb64d86    
**VirusTotal:** https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/7b3ec2365a64d9a9b2452c22e82e6d6ce2bb6dbc06c6720951c9570a5cd46fe5   
**Typical Filename:** endpoint.query    
**Claimed Product:** Endpoint-Collector    
**Detection Name:** W32.File.MalParent  

 **SHA256:**47ecaab5cd6b26fe18d9759a9392bce81ba379817c53a3a468fe9060a076f8ca   
**MD5:** 71fea034b422e4a17ebb06022532fdde   
**VirusTotal:** https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/47ecaab5cd6b26fe18d9759a9392bce81ba379817c53a3a468fe9060a076f8ca   
**Typical Filename:** VID001.exe   
**Claimed Product:** n/a    
**Detection Name:** Coinminer:MBT.26mw.in14.Talos 

 **SHA 256:** a31f222fc283227f5e7988d1ad9c0aecd66d58bb7b4d8518ae23e110308dbf91    
**MD5:**  
7bdbd180c081fa63ca94f9c22c457376    
**VirusTotal:** https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/a31f222fc283227f5e7988d1ad9c0aecd66d58bb7b4d8518ae23e110308dbf91   
**Typical Filename:** IMG001.exe    
**Claimed Product:** N/A     
**Detection Name:** Trojan/Win32.CoinMiner.R174018

Welcome to the party, pal!

Non-human identities authenticate machine-to-machine communication. The big challenge now is to secure their elements and processes — before attackers can intercept.

Source: Poptika via Shutterstock

When industrial automation giant Schneider Electric revealed last month that ransomware gang Hellcat stole 40GB of sensitive data, the attackers acknowledged using exposed credentials to breach Schneider's Jira server. 

Once inside the company's project management system, attackers used the miniOrange REST API, a widely used authentication plug-in, to exfiltrate 400,000 rows of data, including 75,000 email addresses, employee names, and customer records. 

What this and dozens of other incidents have in common is that the attackers exploited vulnerabilities in non-human identities (NHIs). Unlike human identities used for authentication by individuals via identity and access management (IAM) credentials, NHIs, also known as machine identities or service accounts, are used by applications, services, and Internet of Things (IoT) installations for authenticating machine-to-machine communications. 

Predictably, investors are funding startups with products that govern and mitigate NHI risk, while more established companies are adding such capabilities, either internally or via acquisition. 

Astrix Security, a prominent startup that says it created the term NHI, earlier this month raised $45 million in Series B funding led by Menlo Ventures and artificial intelligence (AI) platform provider Anthropic, bringing its total funding to $85 million since its founding in 2021.

"A year ago, the term NHI did not exist, and now everyone is talking about them," says Astrix co-founder and CEO Alon Jackson.

Astrix describes its platform as a suite of identity security posture management (ISPM) tools, including non-human identity threat detection and response, NHI life cycle management, auto-remediation, and secrets scanning. 

**Where NHIs Are Vulnerable**

Typical NHIs include API keys, bots, OAuth tokens, database credentials, certificates, and secrets. As organizations have accelerated use of cloud-native applications, IoT infrastructure, and, most notably, AI-based automation during the past two years, NHIs have become a more alarming threat.

Unlike IAM and privilege access management (PAM), few organizations centrally manage NHIs, and there's greater likelihood that they have excessive permissions without expiration dates.

"There are numerous issues with NHIs, including unencrypted credentials, having a full inventory of NHI accounts, inactive accounts, and lack of account ownership," explained Omdia senior analyst Don Tait in a November report.  

Many CISOs are just learning the implications of NHIs. A recent Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) survey of over 800 security and IT professionals found that 24% plan to invest in NHI security during the next six months, and 36% will do so within a year.

More than half of those surveyed believe they may have experienced an incident related to NHIs. 

Astrix is not the only company with NHI discovery and remediation tools attracting investors. Among those that raised Series A funding in 2024 include Aembit ($25 million), Entro Security ($18 million), and Oasis Security ($35 million), which recently discovered the MFA bypass flaw Microsoft Azure. 

The most prominent bet on protecting NHIs was placed in May when CyberArk paid $1.54 billion to acquire machine identity management provider Venafi.

"As NHI continues to evolve, so are the notable vendors in this space," says Christopher Steffen, VP of research at Enterprise Management Associates (EMA). 

Meanwhile, AppSec providers are adding NHI protection capabilities to their offerings. GitGuardian, known for detecting and remediating leaked secrets in GitHub and other source code repositories, recently launched GitGuardian NHI Governance. GitGuardian officials describe it as an addition to its existing platform that will provide visibility and control of NHI life cycles and their associated secrets. 

GitGuardian's initial release will integrate with five key secrets management platforms: HashiCorp Vault, CyberArk Conjur, AWS Secrets Manager, Google Cloud Secrets Manager, and Azure Key Vault.

**Role of NHI Security **

Failure to adequately rotate credentials, overprivileged accounts or identities, and insufficient monitoring and logging are among the common causes of incidents involving compromised NHIs, the CSA report indicates.

"To claim their identity, machines authenticate via secrets like API keys, OAuth tokens, database credentials, usernames and passwords, and certificates," noted GitGuardian product manager Soudanya Ain in a blog post. "They've become the number one vector for a successful attack, frequently overlooked."

Besides the Schneider incident, the NHI Management Group counts over 40 breaches tied to compromised non-human identity credentials during the past two years, including:

*   Microsoft's Midnight Blizzard, which enabled the attackers to access and breach a legacy test OAuth application with elevated privileges.
    
*   The Snowflake breach, which compromised its various customers, including Santander Bank and Ticketmaster.
    
*   Last summer's GitHub extortion attacks by threat actors who used malicious OAuth apps to breach trusted third-party integrations.
    
*   A breach by an attacker who stole secrets, including authentication tokens from the popular Hugging Face open source repository of APIs and other resources for developers who build AI models. 
    

Next year, the risk from compromised NHIs is expected to grow, as is their proportion to human identities, as AI automates more business processes. Omdia's Tait noted industry estimates of the current ratio of NHIs to human identities is 50:1.

"That figure is only likely to increase going forward," he wrote. 

"We do expect NHI growth is going to accelerate further," added Maxine Holt, senior director of Omdia's cybersecurity practice, speaking during a December webinar presented by Dark Reading.

Holt warned that ungoverned NHIs will further raise the threat landscape.

"These identities do require management to ensure secure communication between different services and to prevent unauthorized access and facilitate accountability," she said. "Of course, we need the audit trail there as well. We believe that it's really important to recognize non-human identities as a vital link in the cyber threat chain."

According to the CSA survey, 69% said they are concerned about NHIs as a threat vector, while 38% reported that their organizations have low or no visibility to third parties connected by OAuth apps. Only 20% have a formal process for revoking API keys, and even fewer have procedures for rotating them. 

"There's definitely that trend toward understanding NHI security better and addressing them," said John Yeoh, CSA's global VP of research, at a public meeting in September. "We only expect the NHI field to explode and get out further."

**Blending NHIs and Human Identities **

The current crop of NHI platforms is designed for machine identities, not human credentials, managed by IAM and PAM systems from Microsoft, Okta, Ping Identity, JumpCloud, CyberArk, BeyondTrust, and OneLogin.

Astrix's Jackson says its new round of funding will, in part, go toward expanding integration with human identities.

"Our customers are asking for a 360-degree view of the human and the non-human identities," Jackson says. "But we will be keeping our edge on the NHI space. This is not just posture management and not just anomaly detection, but it's creating the connections in a secure manner."

GitGuardian, which deals with application security and platform engineering teams, has a similar ambition of providing links from its secrets vaults to IAM platforms.

"That's the plan," says Pierre Le Clézio, the company's lead product manager. "But not yet. We are starting with the secret managers and that ecosystem, and then we will have the IAM systems."

**Anticipate M&A Activity **

As NHI security continues to evolve, so will the notable providers, EMA's Steffen says.

"It seems very likely that larger technology players are going to jump into this space," he says. "Many already have complementary offerings, like Wiz and Palo Alto Networks, and are jumping into NHI — either through acquisition or developing their own solution."

Steffen also anticipates that identity providers like Ping and Okta will delve into NHI.

"They already have the infrastructure and the means to enhance NHI for most enterprises, as well as they already lead the market in identity solutions."

Omdia's Holt also anticipates M&A activity.

"The evolving threat landscape really does necessitate a shift toward comprehensive products and solutions that take on both human and non-human identities," she said. "But the market is still developing. A lot of the players are startups. We expect to see more of a move towards platform support and more acquisitions during 2025 for managing non-human identities."

**About the Author**

Contributing Writer

Jeffrey Schwartz is a journalist who has covered information security and all forms of business and enterprise IT, including client computing, data center and cloud infrastructure, and application development for more than 30 years. Jeff is a regular contributor to Channel Futures. Previously, he was editor-in-chief of Redmond magazine and contributed to its sister titles Redmond Channel Partner, Application Development Trends, and Virtualization Review. Earlier, he held editorial roles with CommunicationsWeek, InternetWeek, and VARBusiness. Jeff is based in the New York City suburb of Long Island.

Vendors Chase Potential of Non-Human Identity Management

Seemingly innocent "white pages," including an elaborate Star Wars-themed site, are bypassing Google's malvertising filters, showing up high in search results to lure users to second-stage phishing sites.

Source: Bits And Splits via Shtterstock

Threat actors appear to have found yet another innovative use case for artificial intelligence in malicious campaigns: to create decoy ads for fooling malvertising-detection engines on the Google Ads platform.

The scam involves attackers buying Google Search ads and using AI to create ad pages with unique content and absolutely nothing malicious about them. The goal is to use these decoy ads to then lure visitors to phishing sites for stealing credentials and other sensitive data.

With malvertising, threat actors create malicious ads that are rigged to surface high up in search engine results when people search for a particular product or service. The ads often spoof popular and trusted brands and involve webpages and content that are replicas of the originals but serve instead to redirect users to phishing pages or download an attacker's malware of choice on systems of users who interact with the malicious ads.

While many malvertisement campaigns are targeted at consumers, there have been several recently focused on corporate users as well. One example is a campaign that sought to distribute the Lobshot backdoor on corporate systems, and another that phished employees at Lowe's.

**A Steady, Post-Macro Increase in Malvertising**

"We are seeing more and more cases of fake content produced for deception purposes," researchers at Malwarebytes said in a report on the campaign this week. These so called "white pages," as they are being referred to in the criminal underground, serve as legitimate-looking decoys, or front-end webpages that hide malicious content and activities behind them, according to Malwarebytes.

Related:Manufacturers Lose Azure Creds to HubSpot Phishing Attack

"The content is unique and sometimes funny if you are a real human, but unfortunately a computer analyzing the code would likely give it a green check," Malwarebytes security researcher Jerome Segura wrote. White pages, incidentally, are in contrast to "black pages," which are the actual malicious landing pages containing harmful content or malware.

The use of AI to plant decoy content on Google Ads adds a new wrinkle to malvertising scams, which have seen a remarkable surge in volume recently. Malwarebytes has pinned the increase to Microsoft's decision in 2022 to block macros in Word, Excel, and PowerPoint files downloaded from the Internet — a top malware vector for threat actors. That decision forced attackers to look for other malware distribution vectors, one of which happens to be malvertising, according to Malwarebytes.

Though Google and operators of other major online ad distribution networks have been battling against the scourge — and have gotten better at quickly identifying and removing malvertising content — bad actors have consistently managed to remain a step ahead. A Malwarebytes study found Amazon to be the most spoofed brand in malvertising campaigns, followed by Rufus, Weebly, NotePad++, and TradingView.

Related:CISA Directs Federal Agencies to Secure Cloud Environments

**Spoofing Brands With AI-Generated Content**

In its report, Malwarebytes provided two examples of AI-generated decoy ads it spotted recently on Google Ads. One of the decoy ads targeted users searching the Internet for the Securitas OneID mobile app, and the other targeted users of the Parsec remote desktop app, which is popular among gamers.

The Securitas OneID scam involved an entirely AI-generated website, complete with AI-generated images of supposed executives of the company.

"When Google tries to validate the ad, they will see this cloaked page with pretty unique content and there is absolutely nothing malicious within it," Segura wrote.

With the Parsec ad, the threat actors used some creative license of their own to generate a heavily Star Wars\-influenced website, replete with references to the parsec astronomical measurement unit. The artwork for the website even included several AI-generated Star Wars-themed posters, which while impressive, would likely have suggested to users that the site had nothing to do with the legitimate Parsec app.

Related:Azure Data Factory Bugs Expose Cloud Infrastructure

"Ironically, it is quite straightforward for a real human to identify much of the cloaked content as just fake fluff. Sometimes, things just don’t add up and are simply comical," Segura wrote. Even so, as a cloaking mechanism for a malvertising campaign," he added, "the website would have passed Google's validation checks.

**About the Author**

Jai Vijayan is a seasoned technology reporter with over 20 years of experience in IT trade journalism. He was most recently a Senior Editor at Computerworld, where he covered information security and data privacy issues for the publication. Over the course of his 20-year career at Computerworld, Jai also covered a variety of other technology topics, including big data, Hadoop, Internet of Things, e-voting, and data analytics. Prior to Computerworld, Jai covered technology issues for The Economic Times in Bangalore, India. Jai has a Master's degree in Statistics and lives in Naperville, Ill.

Malvertisers Fool Google With AI-Generated Decoy Content

Protect yourself from sophisticated phishing attacks that leverage Google Calendar to steal your personal information.

**KEY SUMMARY POINTS**

*   **Google Calendar Targeted:** Hackers are exploiting Google Calendar’s features to send phishing emails disguised as legitimate invites.

*   **Sophisticated Tactics:** Attacks leverage tools like Google Forms and Google Drawings to bypass traditional email security and enhance credibility.

*   **Widespread Impact:** Over 4,000 phishing emails linked to this campaign were detected in a four-week period, affecting around 300 brands.

*   **Social Engineering:** Cybercriminals use urgency, fear, and impersonation to trick victims into clicking malicious links and entering sensitive information.

*   **Preventive Measures:** Advanced email security, monitoring third-party app usage, and behavior analytics are essential to mitigate these evolving threats.

According to the latest research from Check Point, shared with Hackread.com, a widely used scheduling tool called Google Calendar has become the newest target for cybercriminals.

For your information, Google Calendar is part of **Google Workspace** (formerly known as G Suite). It is a popular tool for organizing schedules and managing time used by over 500 million people in 41 languages.

According to CPR’s research, attackers are manipulating Google Calendar and its associated features, like Google Drawings, to launch phishing attacks by sending seemingly legitimate emails with links that bypass traditional email security measures. These links appear to connect to Google Forms or Google Drawings, further enhancing the attack’s credibility.

The malicious email and Google Calendar setup (Via CPR)

Initially, they exploited the user-friendly features inherent in Google Calendar, offering links connecting to Google Forms. However, after observing that security products could flag malicious Calendar invites, they evolved the attack to align with Google Drawings capabilities.

“Cyber criminals are modifying “sender” headers, making emails look as though they were sent via Google Calendar on behalf of a known and legitimate individual. Roughly 300 brands have been affected by this campaign thus far, with cyber researchers observing over 4,000 of these phishing emails in a four-week period,” revealed Check Point’s **blog post**.

The attackers leverage the trust and familiarity associated with Google Calendar to lure victims into clicking malicious links. They create a seemingly legitimate calendar invite, often from a known contact or a familiar organization. This initial invite may contain a link to a Google Form Google Drawing or ICS file attachment, which appears to be a simple request for information or a survey, often displaying a **CAPTCHA** or support button.

However, once the victim clicks on the link, they are redirected to a malicious website designed to steal personal information or corporate data through a fake authentication process, potentially leading to financial scams. This website might mimic a legitimate login page, a cryptocurrency exchange, or a tech support page.

The goal is to trick the victim into entering sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, or personal identification numbers. Stolen information can be used for credit card fraud or unauthorized transactions, posing significant risks to both parties.

It is worth noting that the attackers often use social engineering tactics to increase the credibility of the attack. They might create a sense of urgency, fear, or curiosity to entice victims to click on the malicious link. They may also impersonate trusted individuals or organizations to gain the victim’s trust.

To stay protected from phishing threats, organizations should implement advanced email security solutions, **monitor third-party Google App usage**, implement strong authentication mechanisms, and use behavior analytics tools to detect unusual login attempts or suspicious activities to ensure a secure and secure online environment for all users.

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5.  **Threat actors using Google Docs exploit to spread phishing links**

Google Calendar Phishing Scam Targets Users with Malicious Invites

Cybercriminals are using advanced techniques to target executives with mobile-specific phishing attacks.

****KEY SUMMARY POINTS****

*   **Targeted Attacks:** Sophisticated spear phishing campaigns are increasingly targeting corporate executives via mobile devices, using social engineering tactics.

*   **Exploitation of Trust:** Attackers mimic legitimate services like DocuSign and Google, leveraging urgency and credibility to deceive victims.

*   **Advanced Techniques:** Campaigns use CAPTCHAs, mobile-specific fake login pages, and compromised domains to bypass detection mechanisms.

*   **Infrastructure Abuse:** Attackers utilize platforms like Cloudflare for SSL encryption and DDoS protection, complicating detection efforts.

*   **Proactive Defense:** Regular employee training, advanced mobile device management (MDM) solutions, and automated incident response platforms are critical to mitigating these threats.

Mobile devices have become a prime target for sophisticated phishing attacks, particularly those aimed at corporate executives. These targeted attacks, known as spear phishing, leverage social engineering tactics to steal valuable credentials and gain access to sensitive information.

The Phishing and Data Analytics Team at Zimperium uncovered a recent spear phishing campaign targeting executives. The attack involves using a mimicked legitimate DocuSign document requiring immediate review, a common tactic that exploits urgency and authority.

Spear phishing is a popular attack vector against corporate executives, compromising high-value credentials that grant access to sensitive data and systems. The attack begins with a seemingly innocent link disguised as a DocuSign document. The link used a legitimate domain (clickmethryvcom) to mask its origin, and once clicked initiates a series of redirects. First, it redirects to a compromised university website, leveraging its credibility to bypass detection. 

Screenshot of the DocuSign phishing email and the university’s landing page (Via Zimperium)

Researchers noted that attackers have used CAPTCHAs to prevent automated detection and implemented mobile-specific targeting. Moreover, if the link is accessed via a mobile device, the attack presents a fake Google sign-in page to steal credentials whereas desktops are redirected to legitimate Google sites. Another observation is that the phishing site (diitalwaveru) and its SSL certificate were created just days before the attack, highlighting the attackers’ focus on rapid deployment.

Further probing as per Zimperium’s blog post, revealed that the attackers had utilized Cloudflare’s infrastructure for DDoS protection, SSL encryption, and fast content delivery, making it harder to detect. And, in addition to email-based attacks, the campaign also used PDF documents containing embedded phishing URLs. These PDFs mimicked legitimate DocuSign workflows, bypassing traditional URL scanning and exploiting trust in business documents.

The incident highlights the evolving nature of mobile phishing attacks, with attackers investing heavily in infrastructure to bypass security controls, targeting mobile devices often overlooked in security strategies, and exploiting compromised domains for credibility. 

Therefore, it has become essential to conduct regular security awareness training programs to educate employees about the latest phishing tactics and best practices for identifying and avoiding such attacks. Organizations must also deploy advanced Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions to enforce security policies, such as password complexity, screen lock timeouts, and remote wipe capabilities.

Mika Aalto, Co-Founder and CEO at Hoxhunt weighed in on the situation emphasizing the importance of proactive training for employees and management to identify and report phishing attacks, as technical tools alone may not catch all threats.

_“_The most important thing that companies can do is to shift left and equip senior management and employees with the skills and tools to recognize and safely report a mobile phishing (mishing) attack. We can hope that technical filters and endpoint detection and response technologies quickly develop to be able to pick up these highly obfuscated, native code-based Malware attacks and pinpoint irregular signals and traffic,_“_ said Mika.

_“_Ultimately, it comes down to people. Attackers will launch a complex attack with what might just be a simple phishing message. It’s up to people to be able to listen to that little voice in their head that is telling them that something is wrong and report suspicious messages as a matter of habit. From there, you want to have a platform that will automatically categorize and escalate their reports to the SOC for accelerated response,_“_ he explained.

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New Mobile Phishing Targets Executives with Fake DocuSign Links

A free VPN app called Big Mama is selling access to people’s home internet networks. Kids are using it to cheat in a VR game while researchers warn of bigger security risks.

In the hit virtual reality game _Gorilla Tag_, you swing your arms to pull your primate character around—clambering through virtual worlds, climbing up trees and, above all, trying to avoid an infectious mob of other gamers. If you’re caught, you join the horde. However, some kids playing the game claim to have found a way to cheat and easily “tag” opponents.

Over the past year, teenagers have produced video tutorials showing how to side-load a virtual private network (VPN) onto Meta’s virtual reality headsets and use the location-changing technology to get ahead in the game. Using a VPN, according to the tutorials, introduces a delay that makes it easier to sneak up and tag other players.

While the workaround is likely to be an annoying but relatively harmless bit of in-game cheating, there’s a catch. The free VPN app that the video tutorials point to, Big Mama VPN, is also selling access to its users’ home internet connections—with buyers essentially piggybacking on the VR headset’s IP address to hide their own online activity.

This technique of rerouting traffic, which is best known as a residential proxy and more commonly happens through phones, has become increasingly popular with cybercriminals who use proxy networks to conduct cyberattacks and use botnets. While the Big Mama VPN works as it is supposed to, the company’s associated proxy services have been heavily touted on cybercrime forums and publicly linked to at least one cyberattack.

Researchers at cybersecurity company Trend Micro first spotted Meta’s VR headsets appearing in its threat intelligence residential proxy data earlier this year, before tracking down that teenagers were using Big Mama to play _Gorilla Tag_. An unpublished analysis that Trend Micro shared with WIRED says its data shows that the VR headsets were the third most popular devices using the Big Mama VPN app, after devices from Samsung and Xiaomi.

“If you’ve downloaded it, there’s a very high likelihood that your device is for sale in the marketplace for Big Mama,” says Stephen Hilt, a senior threat researcher at Trend Micro. Hilt says that while Big Mama VPN may be being used because it is free, doesn’t require users to create an account, and apparently doesn’t have any data limits, security researchers have long warned that using free VPNs can open people up to privacy and security risks.

These risks may be amplified when that app is linked to a residential proxy. Proxies can “allow people with malicious intent to use your internet connection to potentially use it for their attacks, meaning that your device and your home IP address may be involved in a cyberattack against a corporation or a nation state,” Hilt says.

"Gorilla Tag is a place to have fun with your friends and be playful and creative—anything that disturbs that is not cool with us,” a spokesperson for Gorilla Tag creator Another Axiom says, adding they use “anti-cheat mechanisms” to detect suspicious behavior. Meta did not respond to a request for comment about VPNs being side-loaded onto its headsets.

**Proxies Rising**

Big Mama is made up of two parts: There’s the free VPN app, which is available on the Google Play store for Android devices and has been downloaded more than 1 million times. Then there’s the Big Mama Proxy Network, which allows people (among other options) to buy shared access to “real” 4G and home Wi-Fi IP addresses for as little as 40 cents for 24 hours.

Vincent Hinderer, a cyber threat intelligence team manager who has researched the wider residential proxy market at Orange Cyberdefense, says there are various scenarios where residential proxies are used, both for people who are having traffic routed through their devices and also those buying and selling proxy services. “It’s sometimes a gray zone legally and ethically,” Hinderer says.

For proxy networks, Hinderer says, one end of the spectrum is where networks could be used as a way for companies to scrape pricing details from their competitors' websites. Other uses can include ad verification or people scalping sneakers during sales. They may be considered ethically murky but not necessarily illegal.

At the other end of the scale, according to Orange’s research, residential proxy networks have broadly been used for cyber espionage by Russian hackers, in social engineering efforts, as part of DDoS attacks, phishing, botnets, and more. “We have cybercriminals using them knowingly,” Hinderer says of residential proxy networks generally, with Orange Cyberdefense having frequently seen proxy traffic in logs linked to cyberattacks it has investigated. Orange’s research did not specifically look at uses of Big Mama's services.

Some people can consent to having their devices used in proxy networks and be paid for their connections, Hinderer says, while others may be included because they agreed to it in a service’s terms and conditions—something research has long shown people don’t often read or understand.

Big Mama doesn’t make it a secret that people who use its VPN will have other traffic routed through their networks. Within the app it says it “may transport other customer’s traffic through” the device that’s connected to the VPN, while it is also mentioned in the terms of use and on a FAQ page about how the app is free.

The Big Mama Network page advertises its proxies as being available to be used for ad verification, buying online tickets, price comparison, web scraping, SEO, and a host of other use cases. When a user signs up, they’re shown a list of locations proxy devices are located in, their internet service provider, and how much each connection costs.

This marketplace, at the time of writing, lists 21,000 IP addresses for sale in the United Arab Emirates, 4,000 in the US, and tens to hundreds of other IP addresses in a host of other countries. Payments can only be made in cryptocurrency. Its terms of service say the network is only provided for “legal purposes,” and people using it for fraud or other illicit activities will be banned.

Despite this, cybercriminals appear to have taken a keen interest in the service. Trend Micro’s analysis claims Big Mama has been regularly promoted on underground forums where cybercriminals discuss buying tools for malicious purposes. The posts started in 2020. Similarly, Israeli security firm Kela has found more than 1,000 posts relating to the Big Mama proxy network across 40 different forums and Telegram channels.

Kela’s analysis, shared with WIRED, shows accounts called “bigmama\_network” and “bigmama” posted across at least 10 forums, including cybercrime forums such as WWHClub, Exploit, and Carder. The ads list prices, free trials, and the Telegram and other contact details of Big Mama.

It is unclear who made these posts, and Big Mama tells WIRED that it does not advertise.

Posts from these accounts also said, among other things, that “anonymous” bitcoin payments are available. The majority of the posts, Kela’s analysis says, were made by the accounts around 2020 and 2021. Although, an account called “bigmama\_network” has been posting on the clearweb Blackhat World SEO forum until October this year, where it has claimed its Telegram account has been deleted multiple times.

In other posts during the last year, according to the Kela analysis, cybercrime forum users have recommended Big Mama or shared tips about the configurations people should use. In April this year, security company Cisco Talos said it had seen traffic from the Big Mama Proxy, alongside other proxies, being used by attackers trying to brute force their way into a variety of company systems.

**Mixed Messages**

Big Mama has few details about its ownership or leadership on its website. The company’s terms of service say that a business called BigMama SRL is registered in Romania, although a previous version of its website from 2022, and at least one live page now, lists a legal address for BigMama LLC in Wyoming. The US-based business was dissolved in April and is now listed as inactive, according to the Wyoming Secretary of State’s website.

A person using the name Alex A responded to an email from WIRED about how Big Mama operates. In the email, they say that information about free users’ connections being sold to third parties through the Big Mama Network is “duplicated on the app market and in the application itself several times,” and people have to accept the terms of conditions to use the VPN. They say the Big Mama VPN is officially only available from the Google Play Store.

“We do not advertise and have never advertised our services on the forums you have mentioned,” the email says. They say they were not aware of the April findings from Talos about its network being used as part of a cyberattack. “We do block spam, DDOS, SSH as well as local network etc. We log user activity to cooperate with law enforcement agencies,” the email says.

The Alex A persona asked WIRED to send it more details about the adverts on cybercrime forums, details about the Talos findings, and information about teenagers using Big Mama on Oculus devices, saying they would be “happy” to answer further questions. However, they did not respond to any further emails with additional details about the research findings and questions about their security measures, whether they believe someone was impersonating Big Mama to post on cybercrime forums, the identity of Alex A, or who runs the company.

During its analysis, Trend Micro’s Hilt says that the company also found a security vulnerability within the Big Mama VPN, which could have allowed a proxy user to access someone’s local network if exploited. The company says it reported the flaw to Big Mama, which fixed it within a week, a detail Alex A confirmed.

Ultimately, Hilt says, there are potential risks whenever anyone downloads and uses a free VPN. “All free VPNs come with a trade-off of privacy or security concerns,” he says. That applies to people side-loading them onto their VR headsets. “If you’re downloading applications from the internet that aren't from the official stores, there’s always the inherent risk that it isn’t what you think it is. And that comes true even with Oculus devices.”

This VPN Lets Anyone Use Your Internet Connection. What Could Go Wrong?

The National Defense Authorization Act passed today, but lawmakers stripped language that would keep the Trump administration from wielding unprecedented authority to surveil Americans.

The US Senate passed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) on Wednesday after congressional leaders earlier this month stripped the bill of provisions designed to safeguard against excessive government surveillance. The “must-pass” legislation now heads to President Joe Biden for his expected signature.

The Senate’s 85–14 vote cements a major expansion of a controversial US surveillance program, Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Biden’s signature will ensure that the Trump administration opens with the newfound power to force a vast range of companies to help US spies wiretap calls between Americans and foreigners abroad.

Despite concerns about unprecedented spy powers falling into the hands of controversial figures such as Kash Patel, who has vowed to investigate Donald Trump’s political enemies if confirmed to lead the FBI, Democrats in the end made little effort to rein in the program.

The Senate Intelligence Committee first approved changes to the 702 program this summer with an amendment aimed at clarifying newly added language that experts had cast as dangerously vague. The vague text was introduced into the law by Congress in April, with Democrats in the Senate promising to correct the issue later this year. Ultimately, those efforts proved to be in vain.

Legal experts began issuing warnings last winter over Congress’s efforts to expand FISA to cover a vast range of new businesses not originally subject to Section 702’s wiretap directives. While reauthorizing the program in April, Congress changed the definition of what the government considers an “electronic communications service provider,” a term applied to companies that can be compelled to install wiretaps on the government’s behalf.

Traditionally, “electronic communications service providers” refers to phone and email providers, such as AT&T and Google. But as a result of Congress redefining the term, the new limits of the government’s wiretap powers are unclear.

It is widely assumed that the changes were intended to help the National Security Agency (NSA) target communications stored on servers at US data centers. Due to the classified nature of the 702 program, however, the updated text purposefully avoids specifying which types of new businesses will be subject to government demands.

Marc Zwillinger, one of the few private attorneys to testify before the nation’s secret surveillance court, wrote in April that the changes to the 702 statute mean that “any US business could have its communications \[wiretapped\] by a landlord with access to office wiring, or the data centers where their computers reside,” thus expanding the 702 program “into a variety of new contexts where there is a particularly high likelihood that the communications of US citizens and other persons in the US will be ‘inadvertently’ acquired by the government.”

Despite such warnings, Senate Democrats rushed to reauthorize the 702 program in April with the nebulous language attached. In a floor speech urging his colleagues to temporarily disregard the concerns, Mark Warner, chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, vowed to amend the law again before the end of year. As of Wednesday it was clear he could no longer keep that pledge.

Text approved in June by Warner’s committee aimed to clarify the scope of the 702 program but was excised from the text of the NDAA earlier this month, reportedly at the urging of Ohio Republican Mike Turner, chair of the House Intelligence Committee, among others. WIRED reported in March that Turner had defended the 702 program during a closed briefing on Capitol Hill, using images of anti-war protesters at US universities to suggest that the spy powers were needed to ferret out potential ties between American students and Hamas. (No such ties have been reported.)

Wiretap orders issued under the 702 program permit the government to secretly eavesdrop on the calls and messages of foreigners, who generally lack any right to privacy under US law. The wiretaps, however, also routinely capture Americans in private conversation, despite constitutional limits that typically forbid such surveillance without a judge’s consent.

Notably, wiretap orders executed under Section 702 are never reviewed by a federal judge. Calls, texts, and emails collected under the program may be stored by the government for up to five years and will be accessed in some cases by the FBI. The bureau maintains its own Section 702 database, which is regularly used to develop leads in cases unrelated to why the wiretaps were originally collected.

An aide to Warner tells WIRED that the senator acknowledges that the changes to Section 702 this year are “overly broad,” adding that he’s aware the language must be “further narrowed.” Warner remains committed to fixing the law, said the aide, “whether it’s in this Congress or the next.”

The botched effort to check the government’s surveillance powers comes as the US national security establishment braces for what’s likely to be one of its most significant shakeups in decades. FBI director Chris Wray announced plans last week to voluntarily step down at the conclusion of Biden’s term, potentially clearing the way for a Republican-controlled Congress to fast-track Patel’s confirmation.

Patel has falsely accused Biden of rigging the 2020 presidential election and has vowed to bring cases “criminally or civilly” against members of the press. Trump has likewise pledged to investigate major news outlets that he has vaguely accused of “threatening treason.” Last week, Senate Republicans kneecapped an attempt by Democratic lawmakers to pass bipartisan legislation that would have shielded US journalists from government spying—likely a reaction to Trump issuing an command on Truth Social to “kill” the bill.

Privacy advocates on both sides of the aisle made failed attempts over the past year to limit the FBI’s access to Americans’ communications without a warrant. The calls for reform followed revelations that the 702 program had been inadvertently abused by FBI employees to conduct searches for the private messages of former and current federal officials, political commentators, and journalists. Other searches unlawfully performed at the FBI targeted a US senator, a state senator, and a state court judge.

According to the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, US intelligence analysts have also abused the program to investigate potential sexual partners and potential tenants.

While the 702 program purportedly exists to exclusively further the government’s counterintelligence goals, surveillance experts say its scope likely extends far beyond terrorism and cyber threats, encompassing activities described as falling under the broad scope of US “foreign affairs.” Foreign journalists, government officials, and citizens of friendly nations never accused of a crime are just as likely to be deemed legitimate targets as foreign criminals and members of known terrorist organizations.

A separate amendment excised by congressional leaders from the NDAA, known as as the “Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act,” was passed by the House of Representatives in April. Introduced initially as a standalone bill, the amendment would have banned the federal government from purchasing Americans’ location data without a warrant.

As WIRED has previously reported, US intelligence agencies have acknowledged purchasing large quantities of commercial data on US citizens, including information for which police normally require a warrant.

In a declassified report published last year, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence confirmed that the ocean of personal data being bought up by the government was highly sensitive, and that, in the wrong hands, it could be used to “facilitate blackmail” and other serious crimes.

Congress Again Fails to Limit Scope of Spy Powers in New Defense Bill

Attackers are using links to the popular Google scheduling app to lead users to pages that steal credentials, with the ultimate goal of committing financial fraud.

Source: Anatolii Babii via Alamy Stock Photo

Attackers are spoofing Google Calendar invites in a fast-spreading phishing campaign that can bypass email protections and aims to steal credentials, ultimately to defraud users for financial gain.

The campaign, discovered by researchers at Check Point Software, relies on modified "sender" headings to make emails appear as if they were sent via Google Calendar on behalf of a legitimate entity, such as a trusted brand or individual, they revealed in a blog post published Dec. 17.

Initially, messages included malicious Google Calendar .ics files that would lead to a phishing attack, the threat hunters wrote. However, "after observing that security products could flag malicious Calendar invites," attackers began aligning those files with links to Google Drawings and Google Forms to better disguise their activity.

**Mass-Scale Financial Scamming Is the Goal**

Given that Google Calendar is used by more than 500 million people and is available in 41 different languages, the campaign provides a massive attack surface, so "it is no wonder it has become a target for cybercriminals" seeking to compromise online accounts for financial gain, the team noted.

"After an individual unwittingly discloses sensitive data, the details are then applied to financial scams, where cybercriminals may engage in credit card fraud, unauthorized transactions or similar, illicit activities," the researchers wrote in the post. Stolen data also can be used to bypass security measures on other victim accounts to lead to further compromise, they added.

Related:Interpol: Can We Drop the Term 'Pig Butchering'?

Attackers also are moving fast with the campaign, with researchers observing more than 4,000 emails associated it in a four-week period. In those messages, attackers used references to about 300 brands in their fake invites to make them appear authentic, they wrote.

**What a Google Calendar Phish Looks Like**

A message associated with the campaign looks like a typical invite from Google Calendar in which someone known to or trusted by the individual targeted shares a calendar invite with them. The appearances of the messages vary, with some that really look almost identical to typical Google Calendar notifications, "while others use a custom format," the team wrote.

As noted previously, the emails include a calendar link or file (.ics) that includes a link to Google Forms or Google Drawings in an attempt to bypass email-scanning tools. Once a user takes the bait, they are then asked to click on another link, "which is often disguised as a fake reCAPTCHA or support button," that forwards them to a page "that looks like a cryptocurrency mining landing page or bitcoin support page," according to the post.

Related:Wallarm Releases API Honeypot Report Highlighting API Attack Trends

"These pages are actually intended to perpetrate financial scams," the team wrote. "Once users reach said page, they are asked to complete a fake authentication process, enter personal information, and eventually provide payment details."

**How to Avoid Becoming a "Google" Phishing Cyber Victim**

Check Point contacted Google about the campaign, which recommended that Google Calendar users enable the "known senders" setting in the app to help defend against this type of phishing. This setting will alert a user when they receive an invitation from someone not in their contact list or someone with whom they have not interacted with from their email address in the past, the company said.

Corporate defenders can used advanced email security solutions that can identify and block phishing attacks that manipulate trusted platforms with the inclusion of attachment scanning, URL reputation checks, and AI-driven anomaly detection, the Check Point team wrote.

Organizations also should monitor the use of third-party Google Apps and use cybersecurity tools that can specifically detect and warn its security teams about suspicious activity on third-party apps.

Related:Texas Tech Fumbles Medical Data in Massive Breach

Finally, two often-cited pieces advice for organizations when recommending phishing defense — the use of multifactor authentication (MFA) across business accounts and employee training on sophisticated phishing tactics — also can work in cases like this to shore up security.

**About the Author**

Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer, journalist, and therapeutic writing mentor with more than 25 years of professional experience. Her areas of expertise include technology, business, and culture. Elizabeth previously lived and worked as a full-time journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco, and New York City; she currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal. In her free time, she enjoys surfing, hiking with her dogs, traveling, playing music, yoga, and cooking.

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