ZStack Cloud version 3.10.38 and before allows unauthenticated API access to the list of active job UUIDs and the session ID for each of these. This leads to privilege escalation.

**Impact**

The ZStack Cloud releases before 3.10.38(included) are vulnerable to unauthorized access.

**Patches**

The problem already patched in ZStack 3.10.40 and all further versions (ZStack Cloud 4.x are not vulnerable).

**Workarounds**

We strongly suggest users upgrade to patched versions.

If you have a Web Application Firewall(WAF), filter requests GET /calls/uuids could reduce the impact of this vulnerability.

if you do not have a WAF, iptables could be an alternative(make sure running bellow command on all management node)

iptables -I INPUT -i br\_eth0 -p tcp --dport 5000 -m string --string "/calls/uuids" --algo kmp -j DROP  
# replace br\_eth0 and 5000 to corresponding network interface and port number

**For more information**

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

*   Contact our support ZStack
*   Open an issue in ZStack Github Repo
*   Email us at contact@zstack.io

CVE-2023-46326: Unauthorized access in ZStack Cloud

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in /apply.cgi in Shenzhen Libituo Technology Co., Ltd LBT-T300-T310 v2.2.2.6 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via the ApCliAuthMode parameter.

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CVE-2023-47307: overflow/LBT-T310 Buffer overflow.md at main · forever-more-cjy/overflow

Early disclosures related to September compromise insisted less than 1% of Okta customers were impacted; now, the company says it was all of them.

Source: Ilnur Khisamutdinov via Alamy Stock Photo

Identity access management vendor Okta has released an update following an investigation into a hack this fall on its systems, revising the number of impacted customers up from less than 1% to a staggering 100%.

A blog post dated Nov. 29 from Okta chief security officer David Bradbury explained that an analysis of a breach from September revealed that an unauthorized user was able to run a report on Sept. 28 containing data on every user of Okta's customer support system, which leaked the following data: company name, contact information, user name, role description, and a "collection of other data." This type of information could be useful to threat actors in launching social engineering attacks, like the ones that leveraged Okta to breach MGM Resorts and Caesars Entertainment.

Thus, Okta is warning all of its customers to be prepared for similar phishing and social engineering cyber-scams.

"Given that names and email addresses were downloaded, we assess that there is an increased risk of phishing and social engineering attacks directed at these users," Bradbury wrote. "While 94% of Okta customers already require MFA \[multifactor authentication\] for their administrators, we recommend all Okta customers employ MFA and consider the use of phishing-resistant authenticators to further enhance their security."

The company added that it does not have any evidence the compromised Okta customer data is being actively exploited yet, however. Even so, cybersecurity experts advise Okta customers to focus on cybersecurity best practices, including user training.

"What is needed to secure Okta customers is a focus on best practices; for example, 6% of their users do not have multifactor authentication enabled," says Viakoo CEO Bud Broomhead. "Likewise, setting session timeouts or requiring reauthentication for sessions from a new IP address should be done across all Okta users."

**Okta Breach Brand & Financials Ramifications**

That bit of bad news for Okta customers was tempered by another piece of data out of Okta on Nov. 29. According to its latest quarterly financial report, the company announced that it has seen a more than 20% increase in revenues. The bottom-line growth increase is marked for the quarter ending Oct. 31, the same quarter Okta's systems were used in high-profile breaches of MGM and Caesars.

"Our Q3 performance was highlighted by solid top-line growth, record non-GAAP operating profit, and record free cash flow," Todd McKinnon, CEO and co-founder of Okta, said in a statement about the company's earnings. "We are particularly enthusiastic about the adoption of Okta Identity Governance and the general availability of Okta Privileged Access, which uniquely positions us as the only unified modern identity platform. Over 18,800 leading organizations around the world put their trust in Okta and we are thankful for their continued partnership."

The news of the leaked customer data did drive down Okta stock prices when it happened, but the investor fallout appears to be hovering in the single digits.

That said, the time lag for sales revenues to be impacted by major cyber incidents like the ones Okta has experienced should be taken into account when analyzing whether the breach impacted the brand, according to Jasson Casey, CEO of Beyond Identity.

"The sales cycle for midmarket customers is typically three to four months, while the enterprise sales cycle can be six-plus months," Casey tells Dark Reading. "Revenue numbers being reported today don't reflect the market's processing and intake of the latest news."

However, Casey tells Dark Reading that personally, he's seeing a market shift away from Okta.

"Anecdotally, we're seeing a large number of companies actively search for migration pathways from Okta to other SSO \[single sign-on\] platforms due to the continued string of news related to Okta security practices," he adds. "Okta has a hard road in front of them to convince the mid/enterprise market that security is a foundational principle given their continued missteps over the last two years."

Okta declined to comment on customer reactions to the compromise.

Okta Breach Widens to Affect 100% of Customer Base

Cybercriminals use legal search terms to ensnare unwitting victims, then launch ransomware or business email compromise attacks.

Source: The Lightwriter via Adobe Stock

Cyberattackers are doubling down on their attacks against law firms and corporate legal departments, moving beyond their historical activity of hacking and leaking secrets to targeting the sector with financial attacks, such as ransomware and business email compromise (BEC).

On Nov. 24, managed service provider CTS, which provides IT services to law firms, acknowledged that the firm had suffered a breach, but did not give details about the source of the attack. The incident has reportedly affected services to dozens of law firms, particularly in the real estate sector. The attack follows claims by the LockBit group that it compromised London-based law firm Allen & Overy, listing the firm among the victims on its data-leak site and demanding a ransom. The firm confirmed a breach, but did not acknowledge the ransomware attack.

The attacks are only the latest to target law firms and legal departments. At least one attack group has targeted law firms specifically, seeding compromised sites with legal jargon to make the sites rise in search rankings and then deliver a ransomware attack chain to visitors, says Keegan Keplinger, a senior security researcher with managed detection and response firm eSentire.

"When \[the targeting\] hasn't been a legal organization, it's often been the legal department or a legal user — a paralegal or the legal consultant — in an organization," he says. "We saw a hospital get hit once, but it was the legal user in that hospital that downloaded \[the malware\]."

GootLoader, which leads to Blackcat ransomware, has focused heavily on law firms. Source: eSentire

Hackers have long favored law firms as a way to steal secrets, absconding with Uber drivers' personal information from law firm Genova Burns LLC in January; hijacking data on the contracts and personal emails from 200 high-profile celebrities — including Lady Gaga, Madonna, and Rod Stewart — from New York law firm Grubman Shire Meiselas & Sacks in 2020; and allegedly leaking the "Panama Papers" — 11.5 million documents on wealthy tax evaders — from Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca.

Traditionally, the attraction for online attackers has not been money, says Ilia Kolochenko, chief architect at application security firm ImmuniWeb.

"Law firms are pretty far from being attractive victims for cybercriminals," he says. "However, their clients — namely, secrets of their clients — make law firms a magnet for all kind of cybercriminals."

**Clickbait Turns to SEO Poisoning**

That has changed, as cybercriminals increasingly focus on law firms as a way to cash in with ransomware and BEC attacks. More than a quarter of law firms (27%) suffered a security breach in 2022, up from 25% in 2021, according to the American Bar Association's annual cybersecurity report, which stresses that a security breach is not as severe a classification as a data breach. The legal sector is the fourth most targeted sector by cybercriminals — behind services, manufacturing, and financial firms, according to eSentire's data.

The most significant threat to law firms may be GootLoader, a browser-based threat that is delivered through search engine optimization (SEO) poisoning. The group behind GootLoader has seeded malicious content and malvertising linked to 3.5 million search terms, a high percentage of which are legal terms. As a result, a lawyer or paralegal who searches for specific content may find the top search result leading to a GootLoader-infected file. Downloading and opening the file will execute the program, which almost always leads to BlackCat ransomware, says Joe Stewart, a principal security researcher at eSentire.

"This \[is\] what I call a landmine approach," he says. "They're just mining the entire Web with these search keywords and just waiting for somebody in the legal profession, or somebody who needs this legal document, to just stumble on it and open it up, say, 'What's this? Oh, I will click on this JavaScript. No problem.'"

Ransomware is not the only worry for law firms. A number of threat groups are also targeting law firms with BEC scams. Law firms are the perfect victims for such schemes, says Dan Caplin, director of cybersecurity and incident response at S-RM, a cybersecurity consultancy.

"Firstly, they do a lot of business over and in emails, and secondly, law firms often occupy a privileged position in situations where payment instructions and details are exchanged — this, again, is mostly done over email," he says. "This makes email account takeover, intercepting a thread about a legitimate payment, and diverting funds to a fraudulent bank account a really effective approach."

**Will Get Worse Before It Gets Better**

Because law firms tend to be smaller, often just one or two people, cybersecurity knowledge is often lacking, says ImmuniWeb's Kolochenko.

"Solo practitioners and small law firms are usually poorly protected, having very modest budgets for cybersecurity," he says. "Large law firms, however, increasingly spend more on cybersecurity and cyber defense, \[but most firms\] have similar problems as all other industries including shadow IT, working from home, \[and\] underprotected third parties."

Unfortunately, law firms are often tasked as the custodian of extremely sensitive information, making any breach a problem and making the firm more likely to pay a ransom. It's little wonder that GootLoader has targeted the industry, says eSentire's Keplinger.

"For a variety of reasons, law firms are behind the curve a little bit on security," he says. "With ransomware — especially the double whammy (both stealing and encrypting the data) — legal firms are an obvious organization that would be vulnerable to that — especially, that would care about publishing their data."

**About the Author(s)**

Veteran technology journalist of more than 20 years. Former research engineer. Written for more than two dozen publications, including CNET News.com, Dark Reading, MIT's Technology Review, Popular Science, and Wired News. Five awards for journalism, including Best Deadline Journalism (Online) in 2003 for coverage of the Blaster worm. Crunches numbers on various trends using Python and R. Recent reports include analyses of the shortage in cybersecurity workers and annual vulnerability trends.

Law Firms & Legal Departments Singled Out for Cyberattacks










KEPServerEX does not properly validate certificates from clients which may allow unauthenticated users to connect.









CVE-2023-5909

In Delta Electronics InfraSuite Device Master v.1.0.7, a vulnerability exists that allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute code with local administrator privileges.

CVE-2023-47207

A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Book Borrower System 1.0 and classified as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file endpoint/add-book.php. The manipulation of the argument Book Title/Book Author leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-246443.

CVE-2023-6440

A decade and a half after Gh0st RAT first appeared, the "SugarGh0st RAT" variant aims to make life sweeter for cybercriminals.

Source: Niday Picture Library via Alamy Stock Photo

A new variant of the infamous "Gh0st RAT" malware has been identified in recent attacks targeting South Koreans and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Uzbekistan.

The Chinese group "C.Rufus Security Team" first released Gh0st RAT on the open Web in March 2008. Remarkably, it's still in use today, particularly in and around China, albeit in modified forms.

Since late August, for instance, a group with strong Chinese links has been distributing a modified Gh0st RAT deemed "SugarGh0st RAT." According to research from Cisco Talos, this threat actor drops the variant via JavaScript-laced Windows shortcuts, while distracting targets with customized decoy documents.

The malware itself is still largely the same, effective tool it's ever been, though it now sports some new decals to help sneak past antivirus software.

**SugarGh0st RAT's Traps**

The four samples of SugarGh0st, likely delivered via phishing, arrive on targeted machines as archives embedded with Windows LNK shortcut files. The LNKs hide malicious JavaScript which, upon opening, drops a decoy document — targeted for Korean or Uzbek government audiences — and the payload.

Like its progenitor — the Chinese origin remote access Trojan, first released to the public in March 2008 — SugarGh0st is a clean, multitooled espionage machine. A 32-bit dynamic link library (DLL) written in C++, it begins by collecting system data, then opens up the door to full remote access capabilities.

Attackers can use SugarGh0st to retrieve any information they might desire about their compromised machine, or start, terminate, or delete the processes it's running. They can use it to find, exfiltrate, and delete files, and erase any event logs to mask the resulting forensic evidence. The backdoor comes fitted with a keylogger, a screenshotter, a means of accessing the device's camera, and plenty of other useful functions for manipulating the mouse, performing native Windows operation, or simply running arbitrary commands.

"The thing that's most concerning to me is how it's specifically designed to evade previous detection methods," says Nick Biasini, Cisco Talos' head of outreach. With this new variant, specifically, "they took effort to do things that would change the way that core detection would work."

It isn't that SugarGh0st has any particularly novel evasion mechanisms. Rather, minor aesthetic changes make it appear different from prior variants, such as changing the command-and-control (C2) communication protocol such that instead of 5 bytes, the network packet headers reserve the first 8 bytes as magic bytes (a list of file signatures, used to confirm a file's contents). "It's just a very effective way to try and make sure that your existing security tooling isn't going to pick up on this right away," Biasini says.

**Gh0st RAT's Old Haunts**

Back in September 2008, the office of the Dalai Lama approached a security researcher (no, this isn't the beginning of a bad joke).

Its employees were being peppered with phishing emails. Microsoft applications were crashing, without explanation, across the organization. One monk recalled watching his computer open Microsoft Outlook all on its own, attach documents to an email, and send that email to an unrecognized address, all without his input.

A Gh0st RAT beta model's English-language UI. Source: Trend Micro EU via Wayback Machine

The Trojan used in that Chinese military-linked campaign against Tibetan monks has stood the test of time, Biasini says, for a few reasons.

"Open source malware families live long because actors get a fully functional piece of malware that they can manipulate as they see fit. It also allows people who don't know how to write malware to leverage this stuff for free," he explains.

Gh0st RAT, he adds, stands out in particular as "a very functional, very well-built RAT."

**About the Author(s)**

Nate Nelson is a freelance writer based in New York City. Formerly a reporter at Threatpost, he contributes to a number of cybersecurity blogs and podcasts. He writes "Malicious Life" -- an award-winning Top 20 tech podcast on Apple and Spotify -- and hosts every other episode, featuring interviews with leading voices in security. He also co-hosts "The Industrial Security Podcast," the most popular show in its field.

A New, Spookier Gh0st RAT Malware Haunts Global Cyber Targets

Fake Facebook ads seem to be the flavor of the month for scammers.

Thursday, November 30, 2023 14:00

I know I’m a little late to the party to hit the prime SEO for Black Friday, Cyber Monday and holiday shopping. But if I know the readers of this newsletter, everyone is far from done with their holiday shopping already after a few days. 

I also know I’m far from the only person to warn consumers about scams during this season, so I’m trying to split the difference and highlight a few specific scams and spam campaigns that are already circulating in the wild, some of which popped up right on Black Friday, so you don’t get caught in the remaining days leading up to the winter holidays. 

Fake Facebook ads seem to be the flavor of the month for scammers. This is completely anecdotal, but my mom almost got “got” with a fake Facebook post in a group she belongs to claiming to have some great deals on Nintendo Switch games on Amazon that were not actually real (thankfully she hadn’t clicked the link before she asked me if “Mario Odyssey” was a good deal at $15).  

Still, several other reports have shown that scammers are using Facebook ads to advertise a deal for a $19 Stanley cup — these are the water bottles all the influencers are using nowadays and, even when they are on sale, don’t go for any less than about $35. In this case, it looks like the actors are just looking to take your money or credit card information with a fake ordering process and no plans to send you anything. 

Adversaries have also set up fake Facebook pages and web pages disguising themselves as the retailer Big Lots. These fake ads and posts offer vague deals and sales on various products but instead point to typo-squatted Big Lots websites (or URLs that vaguely seem like they could be connected to Big Lots).  

Scammers are also sending mass emails to subscribers of various streaming services like Amazon Prime, Paramount+ and Peacock claiming that their subscription has lapsed, but they can resubscribe for a deeply discounted price, or even free, as part of a Black Friday special.  

Amazon also issued a warning recently that attackers have been sending emails with malicious attachments asking for users' personal information in exchange for having their “accounts” unlocked. 

This is just a sampling of the likely hundreds of different scams and spam campaigns attackers are deploying right now, so in general, when shopping online, here are a few tips: 

*   Only download apps from trusted and official app stores like the Google Play store and iOS App Store. 
*   Look out for apps that ask for suspicious permissions, such as access to your text messages, contacts, stored passwords and administrative features. 
*   Some malicious apps will try to masquerade as a legitimate version of the one you could be searching for. Signs of these apps include poor spelling and grammar in app descriptions and interfaces, lack of high-quality performance and a developer contact that uses a free email service (such as @gmail.com). 
*   Avoid clicking on unsolicited emails. Make sure you purposefully subscribed to any marketing emails you receive from retailers before opening it. 
*   Use an ad blocker locally on your browser. These will often block any malvertising campaigns that aim to capitalize on shoppers looking for deals. 
*   Try to use payment services such as Google Pay, Samsung Pay and Apple Pay. These services use tokenization instead of the “Primary Account Number” (your credit card number), making your transaction more secure. 
*   Use unique, complex passwords, per site. Attackers commonly reuse passwords to compromise multiple accounts with the same username. Use a password locker if you have a hard time creating and remembering secure passwords. 
*   Manually type in URLs to sites you want to visit rather than clicking on links. 
*   Use multi-factor authentication, such as Cisco Duo, to log into your email account to avoid unauthorized access. 

Next week, Talos will have a holiday special of our own! On Dec. 5, we’ll be launching our second-ever Year in Review report, complete with all new data and insights about the attacks and malware we’ve seen in 2023. Stay tuned to our social media channels or blog for that release.  

**The one big thing **

Cisco Talos recently discovered a malicious campaign that likely started as early as August 2023, delivering a new remote access trojan (RAT) we dubbed “SugarGh0st.” We assess with high confidence that the SugarGh0st RAT is a new customized variant of Gh0st RAT, an infamous trojan that’s been active for more than a decade, with customized commands to facilitate the remote administration tasks as directed by the C2 and modified communication protocol based on the similarity of the command structure and the strings used in the code. 

**Why do I care? **

If infected, SugarGh0st serves as a fully functional backdoor for the adversary that can execute most remote-control functionalities. It can launch the reverse shell and run the arbitrary commands sent from C2 as strings using the command shell. SugarGh0st can collect the victim’s machine hostname, filesystem, logical drive, and operating system information. It can access the running process information of the victim’s machine and control the environment by accessing the process information and terminating the process as directed by the C2 server. It can also manage the machine’s service manager by accessing the configuration files of the running services and can start, terminate or delete the services. 

**So now what? **

Since this seems to be an offshoot of GhostRAT, we certainly can’t rule out any other variants that may be floating out there. Talos also has new ClamAV signatures, Snort rules and other Cisco Secure protection to specifically detect and stop SugarGh0st.  

**Top security headlines of the week **

**Cisco Talos and other teams across Cisco recently worked with multiple government partners to help protect the Ukrainian power grid and ensure it runs appropriately.** The effort, spearheaded by Talos’ Joe Marshall, involved creating bespoke hardware for Ukraine’s energy supplier, Ukrenergo, to operate in place of traditional GPS devices that the Ukrainian power grid relies on to keep running on time. GPS satellites and Ukrainian substations have constantly been the target of kinetic and cyber threats during Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Officials from multiple U.S. government agencies assisted in the project.  The Pentagon set up flights to physically deliver the manipulated switches, the Department of Energy helped coordinate the equipment’s delivery, and, as Ukrenergo told CNN, the Department of Commerce was a part of critical meetings that first outlined this project. Taras Vasyliv, who oversees power dispatching for Ukrenergo, told CNN that the custom-built switches were the equivalent of a “flashlight” for a surgeon who is trying to operate in the dark. (CNN, Business Insider) 

**Leaked government documents show that some local, federal and state law enforcement officers have been able to view the phone records of millions of Americans,** even those who have not been accused or suspected of a crime. The little-known Pentagon program was partially uncovered because of a letter sent from U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon to U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland, in Wyden’s office requested more information on the project and encouraged the federal government to publicly disclose this knowledge. The letter states the White House pays wireless company AT&T to give all federal, state, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies “the ability to request often-warrantless searches.” Known as the “Hemisphere Project,” this program has apparently been around since 2007 and reported on by the New York Times in 2013 but has largely gone unnoticed since. Wyden is attempting to challenge the legality of the Hemisphere Project. (Wired) 

**Security researchers have found a way to bypass the Microsoft Hello login authentication system** used in many fingerprint readers and face ID scanners on devices from Dell, Lenovo and Microsoft. Researchers hired by Microsoft to test the security of the readers have since informed the company of these vulnerabilities. The attack the researchers outlined could provide access to a stolen laptop or carry out what's called an “evil maid” attack on an unattended device. Microsoft introduced Hello with its Windows 10 operating system, and since then has included fingerprint scanners on all its devices (though in some cases, Microsoft’s own hardware like the Surface tablet did not use Hello). Though the manufacturers are now aware of these vulnerabilities, the variety of attacks means it can be difficult to patch for these issues. However, all the attacks ultimately required physical access to a device. (Ars Technica, The Verge) 

**Can’t get enough Talos? **

*   Tech giant Cisco built special device to help Kyiv ward off cyberattacks on power grid 
*   Cisco whips up modded switch to secure Ukraine grid against Russian cyberattacks 
*   Talos Takes Ep. #163: Why has the Phobos ransomware been working for so long? 
*   The Need to Know: What is threat hunting? 
*   Vulnerability Roundup: Vulnerabilities in Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Excel could lead to arbitrary code execution 

**Upcoming events where you can find Talos **

**"Power of the Platform” by Cisco** **(Dec. 5 & 7)** 

Virtual (Please note: This presentation will only be given in German) 

> _The annual IT event at the end of the year where Cisco experts, including Gergana Karadzhova-Dangela from Cisco Talos Incident Response, discuss the future-oriented topics in the implementation of digitalization together with you._  

**What Threats Kept Us Up in 2023: A Year in Review and a Look Ahead** **(Dec. 13, 11 a.m. PT)** 

Virtual 

> _Each year brings new threats that take advantage of increasingly complex security environments. Whether it’s Volt Typhoon targeting critical infrastructure organizations across the United States or ALPHV launching an attack against casino giant MGM, threat actors are becoming bolder and more evasive. That’s why it’s never been more important to leverage broad telemetry sources, deep network insights and threat intelligence to respond effectively and recover faster from sophisticated attacks. Join Amy Henderson, Director of Strategic Planning and Communications at Cisco Talos and Briana Farro, Director of XDR Product Management at Cisco, as they discuss some of the top threat trends and threats we have seen this past year and how to leverage security technology like XDR and network insights to fight against them._ 

**NIS2 Directive: Why Organizations Must Act Now to Ensure Compliance and Security** **(Jan. 11, 2024, 10 a.m. GMT)** 

Virtual 

> _The NIS2 Directive is a crucial step toward securing Europe’s critical infrastructure and essential services in an increasingly interconnected world. Organizations must act now to prepare for the new requirements, safeguard their operations, and maintain a robust cybersecurity posture. Gergana Karadzhova-Dangela from Cisco Talos Incident Response and other Cisco experts will talk about how organizations can best prepare for the coming regulations._  

**Most prevalent malware files from Talos telemetry over the past week **

**SHA 256:** 8664e2f59077c58ac12e747da09d2810fd5ca611f56c0c900578bf750cab56b7    
**MD5:** 0e4c49327e3be816022a233f844a5731    
**Typical Filename:** aact.exe    
**Claimed Product:** AAct x86    
**Detection Name:** PUA.Win.Tool.Kmsauto::in03.talos 

**SHA 256:** 77c2372364b6dd56bc787fda46e6f4240aaa0353ead1e3071224d454038a545e   
**MD5:** 040cd888e971f2872d6d5dafd52e6194   
**Typical Filename:** streamer.exe   
**Claimed Product:** Ultra Virus Killer   
**Detection Name:** PUA.Win.Virus.Ultra::95.sbx.tg 

**SHA 256:** abaa1b89dca9655410f61d64de25990972db95d28738fc93bb7a8a69b347a6a6   
**MD5:** 22ae85259273bc4ea419584293eda886   
**Typical Filename:** KMSAuto++ x64.exe   
**Claimed Product:** KMSAuto++   
**Detection Name:** Hacktool:PUP.26ld.in14.Talos 

**SHA 256:** 77c2372364b6dd56bc787fda46e6f4240aaa0353ead1e3071224d454038a545e   
**MD5:** 040cd888e971f2872d6d5dafd52e6194   
**Typical Filename:** tmp000c3787   
**Claimed Product:** Ultra Virus Killer   
**Detection Name:** PUA.Win.Virus.Ultra::95.sbx.tg 

**SHA 256:** 975517668a3fe020f1dbb1caafde7180fd9216dcbf0ea147675ec287287f86aa   
**MD5:** 9403425a34e0c78a919681a09e5c16da   
**Typical Filename:** vincpsarzh.exe   
**Claimed Product:** N/A   
**Detection Name:** Win.Dropper.Scar::tpd

$19 Stanely cups, fake Amazon Prime memberships all part of holiday shopping scams circulating

By Waqas
Thus far, the FjordPhantom malware has defrauded victims of around $280,000 (£225,000).
This is a post from HackRead.com Read the original post: Android Banking Malware FjordPhantom Steals Funds Via Virtualization

Currently, the FjordPhantom malware appears to be active in Southeast Asia, covering countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and Vietnam.

Cybersecurity firm Promon has identified a novel Android malware named FjordPhantom that employs virtualization to target applications. This technique has not been observed in any malware previously. FjordPhantom propagates through messaging services and combines app-based malware with social engineering to deceive banking customers.

Promon indicated in its report published on November 30, 2023, that only one sample of FjordPhantom has been obtained. However, researchers suspect that the malware is operational in Southeast Asia, encompassing countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and Vietnam.

“In discussions with banks in the region, Promon has learned that one customer was defrauded out of 10 million Thai Baht (approximately $280,000 – £225,000) at the time of writing,” noted the report author Benjamin Adolphi and shared with Hackread.com ahead of publication on Thursday.

Further probing revealed that the malware is distributed through emails, SMS messages, and messaging apps. Users are tricked into downloading a bogus banking app, which contains FjordPhantom.

When this app gets installed, the attackers, posing as customer service representatives, guide the users about the steps to run the app. The malware uses virtualization to create a virtual container to run this app and attackers can monitor the user’s actions and steal their credentials.

The malware integrates various open-source/free projects from GitHub, incorporating a virtualization solution and a hooking framework. FjordPhantom utilizes virtualization solutions to circumvent the Android sandbox, enabling different apps to operate within the same sandbox.

This facilitates attackers in gaining access to files and memory, conducting debugging, and injecting code into other apps. The approach involves virtualization solutions loading their own code into a new process before loading the hosted app’s code. Consequently, the malware can evade traditional code injection detection methods, as it doesn’t modify the original application.

The malware leverages the hooking framework to evade SafetyNet rooting detection, screenreader detection, and dismiss dialog boxes warning the user of ongoing malicious activity on the system. Additionally, the malware logs various actions performed by the targeted applications, signifying active development and suggesting potential targeting of other apps in the future.

Screenshot credit: Promon

Researchers believe that FjordPhantom is a sophisticated Android malware used to commit real-world fraud. Here are 5 tips for Android users to protect themselves from malware, especially banking trojan:

1.  **Download apps only from trusted sources:** The safest way to get apps for your Android device is to download them from the official Google Play Store. Apps in the Play Store have been reviewed by Google and are less likely to be malicious. If you need to download an app from a third-party source, make sure to do your research and only download apps from reputable websites.
2.  **Be careful about the permissions you give apps:** When you install an app, it will ask you for permission to access certain data or features on your device. Only give apps the permissions they need to function. For example, if you’re installing a banking app, it will need permission to access your contacts and call history. However, there’s no reason for it to need permission to access your photos or location.
3.  **Keep your device up to date:** Google regularly releases updates for Android that fix security vulnerabilities. Make sure to install these updates as soon as they become available. You can enable automatic updates in your device’s settings.
4.  **Install a mobile security app:** A mobile security app can help to protect your device from malware by scanning apps and files for threats. It can also block malicious websites and phishing attempts. There are many different mobile security apps available, so do some research to find one that’s right for you.
5.  **Be cautious about what you click on:** Be careful about clicking on links in emails or text messages, even if they appear to be from someone you know. These links could take you to malicious websites that could install malware on your device.

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