Auth. (admin+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in ihomefinder Optima Express + MarketBoost IDX Plugin plugin <= 7.3.0 versions.

**Solution**

 Fixed

Update the WordPress Optima Express + MarketBoost IDX Plugin plugin to the latest available version (at least 7.3.1).

Found this useful? Thank yuyudhn for reporting this vulnerability. Buy a coffee ☕

yuyudhn discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress Optima Express + MarketBoost IDX Plugin Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has been fixed in version 7.3.1.

**No other known vulnerabilities for this plugin**Report

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CVE-2023-30749: WordPress Optima Express + MarketBoost IDX Plugin plugin <= 7.3.0 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) - Patchstack

Unauth. Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in I Thirteen Web Solution Email Subscription Popup plugin <= 1.2.16 versions.

**Solution**

 Fixed

Update the WordPress Email Subscription Popup plugin to the latest available version (at least 1.2.17).

Found this useful? Thank minhtuanact for reporting this vulnerability. Buy a coffee ☕

minhtuanact discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress Email Subscription Popup Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has been fixed in version 1.2.17.

**No other known vulnerabilities for this plugin**Report

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CVE-2023-30489: WordPress Email Subscription Popup plugin <= 1.2.16 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

Auth. (admin+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Silvia Pfeiffer and Andrew Nimmo External Videos plugin <= 2.0.1 versions.

**Solution**

 No fix

No patched version is available. No reply from the vendor.

Mahesh Nagabhairava discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress External Videos Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has not been known to be fixed yet.

**No other known vulnerabilities for this plugin**Report

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CVE-2023-30752: WordPress External Videos plugin <= 2.0.1 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

Unauth. Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Paytm Paytm Payment Donation plugin <= 2.2.0 versions.

**Solution**

 No fix

No patched version is available.

qilin\_99 discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress Paytm Payment Donation Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has not been known to be fixed yet.

**No other known vulnerabilities for this plugin**Report

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**Security researcher?**

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CVE-2023-28535: WordPress Paytm Payment Donation plugin <= 2.2.0 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

Unauth. Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Elliot Sowersby, RelyWP WooCommerce Affiliate Plugin – Coupon Affiliates plugin <= 5.4.5 versions.

**Solution**

 Fixed

Update the WordPress Coupon Affiliates plugin to the latest available version (at least 5.4.6).

Ivy (TOOR, LISA) discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress Coupon Affiliates Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has been fixed in version 5.4.6.

**Other vulnerabilities in this plugin**

 0 present

 7 patched

View all

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CVE-2023-30475: WordPress Coupon Affiliates plugin <= 5.4.5 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

Auth. (author+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in a3rev Software a3 Portfolio plugin <= 3.1.0 versions.

**Solution**

 Fixed

Update the WordPress a3 Portfolio plugin to the latest available version (at least 3.1.1).

Found this useful? Thank Yuki Haruma for reporting this vulnerability. Buy a coffee ☕

Yuki Haruma discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress a3 Portfolio Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has been fixed in version 3.1.1.

**No other known vulnerabilities for this plugin**Report

**WordPress plugin developer?**

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**Security researcher?**

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CVE-2023-29097: WordPress a3 Portfolio plugin <= 3.1.0 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

Unauth. Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Kiboko Labs Watu Quiz plugin <= 3.3.9.2 versions.

**Solution**

 Fixed

Update the WordPress Watu Quiz plugin to the latest available version (at least 3.3.9.3).

Skalucy discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress Watu Quiz Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has been fixed in version 3.3.9.3.

**Other vulnerabilities in this plugin**

 0 present

 6 patched

View all

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**Security researcher?**

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CVE-2023-30483: WordPress Watu Quiz plugin <= 3.3.9.2 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

Auth. (admin+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Essitco AFFILIATE Solution plugin <= 1.0 versions.

 No fix

No patched version available.

Prasanna V Balaji discovered and reported this Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WordPress AFFILIATE Solution Plugin. This could allow a malicious actor to inject malicious scripts, such as redirects, advertisements, and other HTML payloads into your website which will be executed when guests visit your site. This vulnerability has not been known to be fixed yet.

**No other known vulnerabilities for this plugin**Report

**WordPress plugin developer?**

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**Security researcher?**

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CVE-2023-30477: WordPress AFFILIATE Solution plugin <= 1.0 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability - Patchstack

The wide-ranging scams, often disguised as game promotions, can all be linked back to one network.

Thousands of websites belonging to US government agencies, leading universities, and professional organizations have been hijacked over the last half decade and used to push scammy offers and promotions, new research has found. Many of these scams are aimed at children and attempt to trick them into downloading apps, malware, or submitting personal details in exchange for nonexistent rewards in _Fortnite_ and _Roblox_.

For more than three years, security researcher Zach Edwards has been tracking these website hijackings and scams. He says the activity can be linked back to the activities of affiliate users of one advertising company. The US-registered company acts as a service that sends web traffic to a range of online advertisers, allowing individuals to sign up and use its systems. However, on any given day, Edwards, a senior manager of threat insights at Human Security, uncovers scores of .gov, .org, and .edu domains being compromised.

“This group is what I would consider to be the number one group at bulk compromising infrastructure across the internet and hosting scams on it and other types of exploits,” Edwards says. The scale of the website compromises—which are ongoing—and the public nature of the scams makes them stand out, the researcher says.

Courtesy of Matthew Burgess

The schemes and ways people make money are complex, but each of the websites is hijacked in a similar way. Vulnerabilities or weaknesses in a website's backend, or its content management system, are exploited by attackers who upload malicious PDF files to the website. These documents, which Edwards calls “poison PDFs,” are designed to show up in search engines and promote “free _Fortnite_ skins,” generators for _Roblox_’s in-game currency, or cheap streams of _Barbie_, _Oppenheimer_, and other popular films. The files are packed with words people may search for on these subjects.

When someone clicks the links in the poison PDFs, they can be pushed through multiple websites, which ultimately direct them to scam landing pages, says Edwards, who presented the findings at the Black Hat security conference in Las Vegas. There are “lots of landing pages that appear super targeted to children,” he says.

For example, if you click the link in one PDF advertising free coins for an online game, you are directed to a website where it asks for your in-game username and operating system, before asking how many coins you would like for free. A pop-up appears saying, “Last Step!” This “locker page” claims the free game coins will be unlocked if you sign up for another service, enter personal details, or download an app. “I've tested it hundreds of times,” Edwards says. He has never received a reward. When people are led through this maze of pages and end up downloading an app, entering personal details, or any number of required actions, those behind the scams can earn money.

These kinds of scams have been around for a while, ad fraud researchers say. But these stand out, as they all have links back to the advertising firm CPABuild and the members that work for its network, Edwards says. All the compromised websites that have PDFs uploaded are calling to command-and-control servers owned by CPABuild, Edwards says. “They're pushing advertising campaigns into someone else’s infrastructure,” he says. Googling for a file linked to the PDFs brings up pages of results of compromised websites.

CPABuild’s website, which lists its legal registry in Nevada, describes itself as a “content-locking network first and foremost.” The company, which has existed since 2016, hosts tasks from its customers, such as giving people the chance to win money by submitting their email and postal code details. Then users of CPABuild, often known as affiliates, try to get people to complete these offers. They often do so via spamming links to YouTube comments or creating the kind of pop-up “locker” pages towards the end of the poison PDF click chain. This results-based process is known as a cost per action (CPA) by advertisers and marketers.

WIRED contacted multiple email addresses listed on CPABuild’s website, as well as sending questions via a contact form, but we did not receive any response. The company website does not name any individuals who are behind CPABuild and is sparse on overall details. The website claims it has “daily” fraud checks in place to catch bad actors abusing its platform, and its terms of service prohibit those using it from being involved in fraud and from sharing multiple kinds of content.

The website claims it has paid out more than $40 million to publishers and has thousands of templates and landing pages. Within CPABuild, there are various tiers of users. The website’s affiliate structure is displayed in an image on its homepage. Members can be categorized as managers, devils, demons, wizards, masters, and knights. In one video uploaded by a CPABuild member on August 11, an admin account can be seen sharing a message with users that indicates the company has taken steps to prevent the platform from being used for fraud. “We are still getting reports that CPABuild publishers are promoting offers in ways that violate our terms of service,” a message seen on the screen reads. Edwards’ research shows, however, that whatever efforts CPABuild has taken have failed to prevent its users from engaging in rampant fraud.

“CPA fraud, which includes cost per app install, is very common,” says Augustine Fou, an independent cybersecurity and ad fraud investigator, who reviewed a summary of Edwards’ findings. “Specialists like the ones identified in the research carve out a niche where they become the category leader in a particular kind of fraud,” Fou says. “Customers come to them for that speciality.”

Scores of websites are currently impacted by the PDFs. This week, the New York State Department of Financial Services removed PDFs uploaded after being contacted by WIRED. Ciara Marangas, a spokesperson for the department, says the issue was first identified in 2022, and following a review and additional steps, the files were removed.

In 2022, Edwards says, he alerted the US Cybersecurity Infrastructure Agency (CISA) to more than 50 compromised websites, which included the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A spokesperson for Oak Ridge said it “immediately” responded to CISA’s alert, “deleted the suspicious content, and resolved the issue.” No data belonging to the laboratory was impacted, they say. Meanwhile, a spokesperson for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory said it cannot comment on the individual case but “no vulnerability has resulted in the compromise of systems for visitors” to its website. CISA's .gov registry manager, Cameron Dixon, says when it is made aware of vulnerabilities in government websites, it notifies them and offers assistance. “In any given day, you could have a list this big of new victims,” Edwards says. (In 2020, Italy’s Computer Security Incident Response Team, CIRST, issued an alert about compromised domains Edwards had found.)

While there has been some reporting linked to potential CPABuild affiliates, Edwards says the scheme can fly under the radar, as the links in the process are passed through redirecting services, which mask their identity. Also, he says, the compromises can get overlooked as they are not as impactful as ransomware or other cyberattacks.

However, there are traces of activity linked to CPABuild members and affiliates spread across the web. Various users of CPABuild have uploaded videos to YouTube exposing how parts of the site work. One video shows someone using a “_Fortnite_ skins generator” and a locker page that is created through CPABuild’s tools. Within another video, the kinds of offers hosted by CPABuild can be seen, including getting people to submit their email and postal code details, submitting their credit card details, installing mobile apps, and completing “general surveys.”

Hundreds of the content lockers on CPABuild’s website have been captured by the Internet Archive over the last seven years. One locker page called “Amazon gift cards” offers people the chance to complete a survey to “Win a $5,000 cash now” or to “enter” to win $25,000. Others push people to download apps, such as the Opera web browser, or enter their details to “get a $100 _Roblox_ Game Card.” Popular kids games are frequently used as a lure for these “offers.”

“We hate this kind of stuff as much as you do, but it helps us to stay alive,” one locker page says. “Please fill in one quick form to get your password and show us your support.”

Website inspection tools, such as URLScan, show multiple suspicious domains communicating with CPABuild’s infrastructure, which is hosted by Amazon’s Web Services (AWS). Amazon's trust and safety teams are looking at the results of Edwards’ research, says Patrick Neighorn, an AWS spokesperson. “AWS's terms of service prohibit customers from using our services for any illegal or fraudulent activity, and our customers are responsible for complying with our terms and all applicable laws,” Neighorn says.

Courtesy of Zach Edwards

Meanwhile, gaming companies say examples of the websites hosting the locker pages are not legitimate. “These are scams,” says Jake Jones, senior communications manager at Epic Games, which created _Fortnite_. “Players have never been able to sell, gift, or trade in-game V-Bucks to another player or sell virtual items to one another,” he says. Similarly, James Kay, a spokesperson for _Roblo_x, says that using third-party services to "buy, sell, trade or give away Robux” is prohibited, and people should avoid “offers” on websites that promise free in-game currency or other items.

Victoria Kivilevich, director of threat research at security firm KELA, says the company has seen CPABuild discussed on cybercrime and hacking forums. On one site, Kivilevich says, someone recommends creating a YouTube channel with stolen games and software content to attract videos. “The user recommends using CPABuild to place a content locker URL—apparently obtained through CPABuild—to the description of the videos and earn on visitors who click on the URL,” Kivilevich says, adding that there are frequent discussions about _Fortnite_ and _Roblox_.

“Multiple users are looking for instructions on how to be approved on CPABuild and for accounts on CPABuild they can buy,” Kivilevich says.

While many of the poison PDFs push people towards scams, not all of them do. “It would appear that specific CPABuild clients are malware authors,” Edwards says. Sometimes, in the days after a negative article about China has appeared in the news, he says, some of these keyword-filled PDFs would appear and include words similar to the news articles. “The legitimate article will show up as the first result of the first page of a search, and then maybe three or four down would be honeypots,” he says. “On all of these pages, it was malware.”

A Huge Scam Targeting Kids With Roblox and Fortnite 'Offers' Has Been Hiding in Plain Sight

A major area of impact of AI tools in cybercrime is the reduced need for human involvement in certain aspects of cybercriminal organizations.

Monday, August 14, 2023 08:08

*   AI’s influence is growing across the security space, bringing with it major implications for cybercriminals and defenders.
*   The recent adoption of AI has raised significant concerns for cybersecurity due to the many ways that criminals can use AI for disruption and profit.
*   Defenders and law enforcement can use AI to strengthen cybersecurity and counteract illicit activities.

The past decade has seen a massive adoption in machine learning and artificial intelligence. An increasing number of organizations have been leveraging such technologies to automate their operations and make their products and services better.

Despite the extensive use of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) by organizations for some time now, many users have first interacted with such technologies over the past few months in the form of generative AI helping users to generate text, code, images and other digital assets with the provision of limited input. The likes of ChatGPT have brought AI to the top of the public’s mind, fueling an intensive race for AI development.

As with any innovation, the use of AI is expected to have positive and negative effects on global culture as we know it, but I suspect that cybercrime will be one of the areas most affected. On the negative side, AI can help streamline criminals' operations, making them more efficient, sophisticated, and scalable while allowing them to evade detection and attribution. Concerning the positive impact of AI on cybersecurity, defenders, and law enforcement, can use AI to counteract advancements in illicit activity by developing new tools, tactics and strategies to automate data analysis, perform predictive detection of illicit activity and perform more effective attribution of criminal activity.

It is important to acknowledge that the AI use cases discussed in this blog encompass a range of varying complexities to achieve for both criminals and defenders. Certain use cases can be accomplished using readily available AI-enabled tools, while others demand advanced technical skills, costly infrastructure, and considerable time investments.

**Empowering cybercrime**

Cybercriminals are expected to benefit in many ways from advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence.

A major area of impact of AI tools in cybercrime is the reduced need for human involvement in certain aspects of cybercriminal organizations, such as software development, scamming, extortions, etc., which in turn will decrease the need to recruit new members and lower operational costs due to the reduced need for headcount. While crime-related "job" postings typically find their way onto dark web forums and other anonymous channels, striving to ensure author anonymity, this practice carries significant risks as it could potentially unveil the identities and operations of criminals to whistleblowers and undercover law enforcement agents.

AI presents another avenue for cybercriminals to exploit by utilizing it to analyze enormous amounts of information, including leaked data. This analysis empowers them to identify vulnerabilities or high-value targets, enabling more precise and effective attacks that could potentially yield greater financial gains. Big data analytics is a complex undertaking necessitating significant processing power and thereby limiting its application to potentially large criminal organizations and state-sponsored actors capable of harvesting such power.

Another area of criminal activity that can thrive with AI is the development of more sophisticated phishing and social engineering attacks. This includes the creation of remarkably realistic deepfakes, deceitful websites, disinformation campaigns, fraudulent social media profiles and AI-powered scam bots. To illustrate the impact, consider an incident from 2020 wherein an AI-powered voice cloning attack successfully impersonated a CEO, resulting in the theft of more than $240,000 from a UK-based energy company. Similarly, in India criminals employed a machine learning model to analyze and mimic the writing style of a victim's email contacts to create highly personalized and persuasive phishing emails.

The utilization of AI is anticipated to also be prevalent among state-sponsored actors and prominent criminal organizations, to propagate disinformation and manipulate the public. Such tactics involve the creation and dissemination of deceptive content, including deep fakes, voice cloning, and the deployment of bots. Evidence of such practices already exists by a cybercriminal group employing AI for social media manipulation and spreading disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic. This campaign relied on machine learning to identify emerging trends and generate highly convincing fake news articles.

The advancement of malware can also be impacted by allowing authors to streamline the process with the help of AI, enabling the creation of sophisticated and more adaptable malware. Allowing AI-powered malware to employ advanced techniques to evade detection by security solutions, utilizing "self-metamorphic" mechanisms rendering them capable of changing their operations based on the environment they operate in. Furthermore, criminals can potentially harness AI technology in the development of AI-powered malware development kits. These kits employ AI agents that learn from the latest tools, tactics, and procedures (TTPs) employed by malware authors, as well as stay updated with the latest advancements in security. An example of AI-powered malware is demonstrated by the researchers behind DeepLocker. Showcased how AI can be used to enhance targeted attacks, ensuring exploitation only when the intended target is present and to evade detection by concealing itself within benign applications.

**Counteracting cybercrime**

On the other side, cybersecurity professionals, defenders, and law enforcement agencies can harness the power of AI to counteract the advancements made in cybercrime. They can utilize AI to develop innovative tools, tactics, and strategies in their fight against malicious activities.

Areas such as threat detection and prevention will be at the forefront of AI security research. Many existing security tools, heavily rely solely on malicious signatures and user input, which render them ineffective for detecting advanced attacks. Consequently, an increasing number of vendors are turning to machine learning (ML) and AI technologies to achieve more precise and effective threat detection. Prominent examples include Cisco Secure Endpoint and Cisco Umbrella utilizing advanced machine learning to detect and mitigate suspicious behavior in an automated manner on end hosts and networks respectively. The inclusion of these technologies is likely to counter the malware being generated by AI discussed above.

Analysis of large amounts of data for the identification of indicators of compromise can be a tedious undertaking, consuming considerable time and money. As such, one area that can benefit from AI is Incident response and forensics for the automated analysis of large volumes of logs, system images, network traffic and user behavior for the identification of indicators of compromise (IOCs) and adversarial activity. AI can help speed up the investigation process, identify patterns that may be difficult to detect manually, and provide insights into the techniques and tools used by adversaries. Allowing more companies globally to have incident response and forensic capabilities.

Another potential use for AI by defenders and law enforcement alike is to enhance the attribution of criminal activity to adversaries through the analysis of multiple data points, including attack signatures, malware characteristics, and historical attack patterns, tools, tactics, and procedures. By examining these data sets, AI can identify patterns and trends that aid cybersecurity experts in narrowing down the potential origin of an attack. This attribution is valuable as it provides insights into the motives and capabilities of the attackers, allowing for a better understanding of their tactics and potential future threats. In addition, it allows defenders to more accurately identify adversaries that are leveraging tactics to evade identification by misleading attribution (e.g., use techniques, methodologies and tools another hacking group is using), which is an existing occurrence that defenders must consider when performing attribution. Such capabilities are primarily expected to be witnessed in the arsenal of state-affiliated cyber agencies as well as on a corporate level from threat intelligence providers.

ML algorithms and AI are set to expand their utilization for automated analysis and the identification of threats. Through the automated analysis of security-related data from multiple sources like threat intelligence feeds, dark web monitoring, and open-source intelligence, emerging threats can be identified and mitigated effectively. Cisco Talos has been leveraging AI for several years to automate threat intelligence operations such as the classification of similarly rendered web pages, identify spoofing attempts through logo analysis, phishing email classification based on text analytics and binary similarities analysis. Although existing work around emerging threats has proven to be highly effective, AI will further the area by allowing for more automate data collection, analysis, and correlation on a larger scale, facilitating the identification of patterns and trends that may signify new attack techniques or threat actors. This empowers cybersecurity professionals to proactively respond to emerging cyber threats by leveraging AI's ability to process and interpret vast amounts of data swiftly and accurately.

AI can also serve as a valuable tool for predictive analytics, enabling the anticipation of potential cyber threats and vulnerabilities based on historical data and patterns. By analyzing data from past attacks and adversaries, AI systems can identify common trends, patterns, or groups that may indicate or trigger future attacks. This capability empowers cybersecurity experts to take a more proactive stance to security, such as promptly patching vulnerabilities or implementing supplementary security controls, to mitigate potential risks before they are exploited by adversaries. Additionally, AI-driven predictive analytics allows for closer monitoring of adversaries' activities, enabling experts to anticipate and prepare for new attacks. By leveraging AI in this manner, cybersecurity professionals can enhance their defenses and stay one step ahead of evolving threats. A sizable number of cybercrime predictive research exists, highlighting how to practically use AI to support cybercrime research, as well as how to perform predictive analysis based on social and economic factors using the Bayesian and Markov Theories.

The rise of AI presents new challenges and great opportunities as its user base and applications continue to expand. The effective and targeted utilization of AI-related technologies will play a pivotal role for cybersecurity experts and law enforcement agencies in detecting, defending against, and attributing digital criminal behavior. By harnessing the power of AI, these entities can enhance their capabilities in combating evolving threats and ensuring the security of digital ecosystems. As the landscape of cybercrime evolves, embracing AI will be instrumental in staying ahead of adversaries.

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