Prometheus ransomware contained a weak random number generator that inspired researchers to try and build a one-size-fits-all decryptor. 
The post RSA 2022: Prometheus ransomware’s flaws inspired researchers to try to build a near-universal decryption tool appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Prometheus—a ransomware build based on Thanos that locked up victims’ computers in the summer of 2021—included a major “vulnerability” that led security researchers at IBM to try and build a one-size-fits-all ransomware decryptor that could work against multiple ransomware variants, including Prometheus, AtomSilo, LockFile, Bandana, Chaos, and PartyTicket.

Though the IBM researchers managed to undo the work of multiple ransomware variants, the panacea dream decryptor never materialized.

IBM global head of threat intelligence Andy Piazza said that the team’s efforts revealed that even though some ransomware families can be reverse-engineered to develop a decryption tool, no company should rely on decryption itself as a response to a ransomware attack.

“Hope is not a strategy,” Piazza said at RSA Conference 2022, held in San Francisco in person for the first time in two years.

IBM security research Aaron Gdanski, who was aided by security researcher Anne Jobman, said his interest in building a Prometheus decryption tool began after one of IBM Security’s clients was hit with the ransomware. He began by trying to understand the ransomware’s behavior: Did it persist in the environment? Did it upload files anywhere? And how, specifically, did it generate the keys that were used to encrypt files?

By using the DS-5 debugger and disassembler, Gdanski found that Prometheus’ encryption algorithm relied on both “a hardcoded initialization vector which did not change between samples” and the uptime of the computer. Gdanski also learned that Prometheus created its seeds by relying on a random number generator that, by default, used Environment.TickCount.

These discoveries revealed a key vulnerability in Prometheus, Gdanski said. If he could find when Prometheus encrypted files on the system, he could then likely generate the same seed that Prometheus used for that decryption.

“If I could obtain the seed at the time of encryption, I could use the same algorithm Prometheus did to regenerate the key it uses,” Gdanski said.

Equipped with the boot time on an affected machine and the recorded timestamp on an encrypted file, Gdanski then had a starting point to narrow down his work. After some additional calculations, Gdanski generated a seed from Prometheus and he tested it on portions of encrypted files.

With some fine-tuning, Gdanski’s work paid off.

Gdanski also learned, though, that the seed changed depending on the time when a file was encrypted. That meant that one single decryption key would not work, but by sorting the encrypted files by the last write time on the machine, he was able to slowly build a series of seeds that could be used for decryption.

The success, Gdanski said, could be applied to other ransomware families that similarly relied on flawed random number generators.

“Any time a non-cryptographically secure random number generator is used, you’re probably able to recreate a key,” Gdanski said.

But Gdanski emphasized that this flaw is rare from what he’s seen. As Piazza reiterated, the best defense to ransomware isn’t hoping that the ransomware involved in an attack has a sloppy implementation—it’s preventing a ransomware attack before it happens.

For the latest on current ransomware activity, read our May ransomware review here. You can also read about some lessons from the real-life ransomware attack on Northshore School District here.

RSA 2022: Prometheus ransomware’s flaws inspired researchers to try to build a near-universal decryption tool

We take a look at the upcoming Microsoft Autopatch feature to help make updates a breeze for network admins.
The post Microsoft Autopatch is here…but can you use it? appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Updating endpoints on a network can be a daunting task. Testing before rollout can take time. Delays to patches going live can cause all manner of headaches. Windows Autopatch aims to tackle some of these issues, and is now live for public preview. The release comes with a few caveats which you’ll want to keep in mind.

**Fixing a patchy experience**

First announced in April and slated for general release come July, Windows Autopatch is designed to free stressed sysadmins from some of the heavy lifting around updates. Billed as a managed service available to (some) users of Microsoft products, the software giant had this to say about it:

> The development of Autopatch is a response to the evolving nature of technology. Changes like the pandemic-driven demand for increased remote or hybrid work represent particularly noteworthy moments but are nonetheless part of a cycle without a beginning or end. Business needs change in response to market shifts.
> 
> This service will keep Windows and Office software on enrolled endpoints up-to-date automatically, at no additional cost. IT admins can gain time and resources to drive value. For organizations who select this option, the second Tuesday of every month will be ‘just another Tuesday’.

This automated patching setup is complemented by four so-called “testing rings”. This is a way to divide up all of an organisation’s devices in a manner which allows for efficient testing and updating. The smallest ring is the initial “test ring”, which has an unspecified minimum number of devices. It’s followed by the “first”, “fast”, and “broad” rings which comprise 1%, 9% and 90% of devices under management respectively.

Assuming all is well after a validation period in one of the rings, the updates filter out to the next ring for more testing. All the while, performance is monitored to ensure everything works at least as well as it did pre-update.

The result, according to Microsoft, is a “rollout cadence that balances speed and efficiency, optimising product uptime”.

**But not without caveats**

It would be unrealistic to think all networks and devices can simply switch on this new service. Indeed, there’s quite a list of requirements before you can get anywhere near this process. There’s no hardware requirements, though you can’t use it in conjunction with a “bring your own device” (BYOB) policy.

From Microsoft’s blog:

**Intune only**:

*   Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)
*   Microsoft Intune
*   Windows 10/11 supported versions

**Co-management**:

*   Hybrid Azure AD-Joined or Azure AD-joined only
*   Microsoft Intune
*   Configuration Manager, version 2010 or later
*   Switch workloads for device configuration, Windows Update and Microsoft 365 Apps from Configuration Manager to Intune (min Pilot Intune)
*   Co-management workloads

**What are the licensing requirements for Windows Autopatch?**

*   Windows 10/11 Enterprise E3 and up
*   Azure AD Premium (for co-management)
*   Microsoft Intune (includes Configuration Manager, version 2010 or greater via co-management)

**Not a magic fix for everything**

Patching is incredibly important to the well-being of your network and devices. However, as useful as Autopatch will no doubt be, it can’t fix everything. Sometimes vulnerabilities occur like the Follina zero-day, and there’s no patch forthcoming. When this happens, you need workarounds and mitigations, and defence in depth.

Security tools and smart security practises by device users are two of the additional ways to keep compromise at bay until updates are released. If you’ve been waiting on Microsoft Autopatch since it was first announced, stay tuned to upcoming Microsoft announcements. Just keep those caveats, and your security setup, in mind should you go and make the leap.

Microsoft Autopatch is here…but can you use it?

Fraudulent donation sites using our sympathy for Ukraine seem to be on the rise. Know how to protect yourself!
The post FBI warns of scammers soliciting donations for Ukraine appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

The FBI recently issued an announcement about a fraudulent scheme that proves there is no low that’s too low for scammers.

“Criminal actors are taking advantage of the crisis in Ukraine by posing as Ukrainian entities needing humanitarian aid or developing fundraising efforts, including monetary and cryptocurrency donations,” the FBI said.

Scammers have always followed where the money is, even if that money is for aiding those most in need. In this case, fraudsters have banked on the widespread sympathy for Ukraine as a way to make a buck.

Malwarebytes Labs had seen its fair share of Ukraine charity-centric scam sites popping up.

Days after Russia invaded Ukraine, we spotted a spam campaign titled “Donate to Help Children in Ukraine.” Apart from a stretched Ukrainian flag as the email header, there is almost nothing you can criticize about the email itself, as the usual red flags are missing.

A month after, fundraising scams were all over the place. We weren’t surprised to see phishers and scammers leading the pack when it comes to registering domains with “Ukraine” in them, as reported by Tessian. The company noted a 210 percent increase in registered domains with this pattern compared to last year, with 77 percent of them appearing suspicious based on early indicators.

Days before May, our Threat Intelligence team spotted a fake USA for UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) website, which was part of a phishing campaign that started as a spam email using a spoofed address, calling on recipients to donate to Ukraine. The fake site asks for a potential donor’s full name, email address, and country of residence. Unlike its legitimate counterpart, this fake site also wants you to donate bitcoins.

The FBI listed some tips so users can protect themselves against such scams:

*   Be suspicious of emails, SMS messages, and social media posts from organisations encouraging you to donate. (You can check them against a database of legitimate charities, with their actual URLs.)
*   If a donation site asks you to donate in cryptocurrency, double-check the wallet address against official cryptocurrency wallets before donating.
*   Never reply to correspondences from someone purporting to be Ukrainian entities asking for humanitarian aid.

Lastly, if you think you have been a scam victim, file a report with the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (ICCC).

Stay safe!

FBI warns of scammers soliciting donations for Ukraine

Posts from the last week on Malwarebytes Labs describing all the latest news, exploits, scams, and more.
The post A week in security (May 30 – June 5) appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

*   Partner Success Story
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*   See full story

A week in security (May 30 – June 5)

This week on Lock and Code, we talk about the often-undiscussed security benefits of Tor networking, also called onion networking. 
The post Tor’s (security) role in the future of the Internet, with Alec Muffett appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Tor has a storied reputation in the world of online privacy. The open-source project lets people browse the Internet more anonymously by routing their traffic across different nodes before making a final connection between their device and a desired website. It’s something we’ve discussed previously on Lock and Code, and something that, sometimes, gets a bad reputation because of its relationship to the “dark web.”

But for all the valid discussion about online anonymity, encryption, and privacy, Tor has an entirely different value proposition for people who build and maintain websites, and that is one of security. As explained by our guest Alec Muffett on today’s episode of Lock and Code, hosted by David Ruiz, utilizing Tor can provide organizations with an entirely separate networking stack. And this isn’t just a boon for networking diversity, but also security, Muffett explains.

Under our current system that relies on TCP/IP and HTTP (and increasingly HTTPS), whenever a user types a URL into an address bar in their web browser, multiple security risks are present. A user’s traffic can be intercepted, redirected to another server, routed through another country and surveilled, and, as Muffett explained, for website operators, their DNS servers can be tampered with.

“There are so many security risks up the stack,” Muffett said. “Whereas with onion networking, with Tor networking, the thing that you type into the web browser bar is the cryptographic key of the website that you want to talk to.”

Muffett continued:

> It’s from you to them, end-to-end secure.”

Today, on the Lock and Code podcast, we speak with Muffett about the security benefits of onion networking, why an organization would want to launch an onion site for its service, and whether every site in the future should utilize Tor.

This video cannot be displayed because your _Functional Cookies_ are currently disabled.

To enable them, please visit our _privacy policy_ and search for the Cookies section. Select _“Click Here”_ to open the Privacy Preference Center and select _“Functional Cookies”_ in the menu. You can switch the tab back to _“Active”_ or disable by moving the tab to _“Inactive.”_ Click _“Save Settings.”_

You can also find us on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and Google Podcasts, plus whatever preferred podcast platform you use.

_Show notes, resources, and credits:_

**Why and How you should start using Onion Networking**: 

**How WhatsApp uses metadata analysis for spam and abuse fighting**:

Alec Muffett’s blog and about page

Intro Music: “Spellbound” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)  
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License  
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  
Outro Music: “Good God” by Wowa (unminus.com)

Tor’s (security) role in the future of the Internet, with Alec Muffett

May 2022 saw the continued dominance of LockBit, and a possible disbursement of the Conti gang into other ransomware groups.
The post Ransomware: May 2022 review appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

The Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence team monitors the threat landscape continuously and produces monthly ransomware reports based on a mixture of proprietary and open-source intelligence.

**Conti sleight of hand?**

Although LockBit remained the most widely-deployed ransomware in May 2022, it was, typically, Conti that sucked all of the air out of the room.

Conti ransomware and the group that distributes it has been a dangerous, noisy presence in the ransomware ecosystem since 2020. It has been involved in hundreds of attacks, including the horrific disabling of Ireland’s Health Service Executive, and according to the FBI, it is “the costliest strain of ransomware ever documented”, having raked in over $150 million in ransom payments.

Recently, the group has had its troubles. On February 27, an individual with access to the group’s inner-workings started leaking a treasure trove of data that included source code, files, and tens of thousands of internal chat messages. Not long after, a hacking group began using the leaked source code to attack targets inside Russia, violating one of ransomware’s unspoken rules. And at the start of this month, the FBI put a $10 million bounty on the group’s head.

On May 8 the newly-inaugurated president of Costa Rica declared a national emergency across the country’s public sector, in response to the continuing effects of a devastating Conti ransomware attack carried out in April. On the same day, an inflammatory message appeared on the group’s leak site, alongside a leak of 672 GB of stolen data.

The message itself is the usual grandiose puffery: It took a swing at US President Joe Biden—”this old fool will soon die”, claimed the attack had been carried out by just two people, and threatened that Costa Rica was just a “Demo version” of what was to come.

You would be forgiven for thinking that despite recent travails, Conti is going strong.

But according to an in-depth analysis by Advintel though, that’s what it wants you to think. It says that far from being in rude health, the Conti brand is in the process of disbanding and that the attacks on Costa Rica were a deliberately showy act from an operation being run by a skeleton crew.

It seems that the decision to offer its “full support of Russian government” in February, following the invasion of Ukraine, may have been a fatal error. By aligning itself to the Russian state it had made ransom payments a potential sanctions violation, killing the group’s income.

Advintel asserts that as a result the Conti group has been “silently creating subdivisions that began operations before the start of the shutdown process.” These subdivisions—said to include KaraKurt, BlackByte, BlackBasta—are supposed to establish themselves before Conti disappears to avoid the kind of shallow and transparent rebrand some other groups have pursued.

Malwarebytes Threat Intel has been able to confirm that there was an internal announcement about the shutdown for affiliates, and that the group’s internal chat servers are down, although the leak site is still operational, and updated almost daily with additional data.

**Ransomware attacks in May 2022**

Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence builds a monthly picture of ransomware activity by monitoring the information published by ransomware gangs on their Dark Web leak sites. This information represents victims who were successfully attacked but opted not to pay a ransom.

In May, LockBit remained by far the most widely-used ransomware. Conti remained active, but its activity was significantly reduced compared to recent months. Notably, three of the four groups that have overtaken it—Black Basta, Hive, and ALPHV—are linked to the alleged Conti disbandment. Intriguingly, Hive was named as the ransomware used in an attack on Costa Rica’s national health service on May 31.

The USA remained far and away the country most badly affected by ransomware attacks in May, and services the industry sector more likely to be attacked.

Known ransomware attacks by group, May 2022

Known ransomware attacks by country, May 2022

Known ransomware attacks by industry, May 2022

****Ransomware mitigations****

Source: IC3.gov

*   Implement regular backups of all data to be stored as air-gapped, password-protected copies offline. Ensure these copies are not accessible for modification or deletion from any system where the original data resides.
*   Implement network segmentation, such that all machines on your network are not accessible from every other machine.
*   Install and regularly update antivirus software on all hosts, and enable real-time detection.
*   Install updates/patch operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as updates/patches are released.
*   Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories for new or unrecognized user accounts.
*   Audit user accounts with administrative privileges and configures access controls with the least privilege in mind. Do not give all users administrative privileges.
*   Disable unused remote access/Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ports and monitor remote access/RDP logs for any unusual activity.
*   Consider adding an email banner to emails received from outside your organization.
*   Disable hyperlinks in received emails.
*   Use double authentication when logging into accounts or services.
*   Ensure routine auditing is conducted for all accounts.
*   Ensure all the identified IOCs are input into the network SIEM for continuous monitoring and alerts.

****How Malwarebytes protects against ransomware****

Malwarebytes can protect systems against all ransomware variants in several ways.

The Malwarebytes Anti-Malware technology detects malicious files, browser modifications, and system modifications on Windows PCs using a combination of signature-based and signatureless technologies. This layer of protection detects the Ransomware binary itself. Detections can happen in real-time as the binary is run or the infection can be rooted out from an already-compromised machine by conducting a full system scan.

Anti-Ransomware is a signatureless technology in charge of monitoring system activity of processes against a certain subset of data in specific locations on the endpoint. Using patented technology, Anti-Ransomware assesses changes in those data files. If an internal scoring threshold is crossed by a monitored process, it triggers a detection from the Anti-Ransomware component.

For those already infected, Ransomware Rollback can help recover encrypted files within 72 hours of the attack. Rollback creates a local cache on the endpoint to store changes to files on the system. It can use this cache to help revert changes caused by a threat. The rollback feature is dependent on activity monitoring available in Malwarebytes Endpoint Detection and Response.

Ransomware: May 2022 review

A vulnerability in Atlassian Confluence was found by performing an incident response investigation on a compromised server. The vulnerability is not yet patched.
The post Unpatched Atlassian Confluence vulnerability is actively exploited appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Researchers found a vulnerability in Atlassian Confluence by conducting an incident response investigation. Atlassian rates the severity level of this vulnerability as critical.

Atlassian has issued a security advisory and is working on a fix for the affected products. This qualifies the vulnerability as an actively exploited in the wild zero-day vulnerability.

Publicly disclosed computer security flaws are listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. Its goal is to make it easier to share data across separate vulnerability capabilities (tools, databases, and services). This vulnerability is listed as CVE-2022-26134.

**Confluence**

Atlassian Confluence is a collaboration tool in wiki style. Confluence is a team collaboration platform that connects teams with the content, knowledge, and their co-workers, which helps them find all the relevant information in one place. Teams use it to work together on projects and share knowledge.

Confluence Server is the on-premises version which is being phased out. Confluence Data Center is the self-managed enterprise edition of Confluence.

**The vulnerability**

The description of CVE-2022-26134 says it is a critical unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in Confluence Server and Confluence Data Center.

During the investigation, the researchers found JSP web shells written to disk. JSP (Jakarta Server Pages or Java Server Pages) is a server-side programming technology that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, SOAP, or other document types. JSP is similar to PHP and ASP, but uses the Java programming language.

It became clear that the server compromise stemmed from an attacker launching an exploit to achieve remote code execution. The researchers were able to recreate that exploit and identify a zero-day vulnerability impacting fully up-to-date versions of Confluence Server.

After the researchers contacted Atlassian, Atlassian confirmed the vulnerability and subsequently assigned the issue to CVE-2022-26134. It confirmed the vulnerability works on current versions of Confluence Server and Data Center.

**The attack**

The researchers at Volexity were unwilling to provide any details about the attack method since there is no patch available for this vulnerability. However, they were able to provide some details about the shells that were dropped by exploiting the vulnerability.

A web shell is a a malicious script used by an attacker that allows them to escalate and maintain persistent access on an already compromised web application. (Not every web shell is malicious, but the non-malicious ones are not interesting to us in this context.)

This web shell was identified as the China Chopper web shell. The China Chopper web shell is commonly used by malicious Chinese actors, including advanced persistent threat (APT) groups, to remotely control web servers. The web shell has two parts, the client interface  and the small (4 kilobytes in size) receiver host file on the compromised web server. But access logs seemed to indicate that the China Chopper web only served as a means of secondary access.

On further investigation they found bash shells being launched by the Confluence web application process. This stood out because it had spawned a bash process which spawned a Python process that in turn spawned a bash shell. Bash is the default shell for many Linux distros and is short for the GNU Bourne-Again Shell.

Research showed that the web server process as well as the child processes created by the exploit were all running as root (with full privileges) user and group. These types of vulnerabilities are dangerous, as it allows attackers to execute commands and gain full control of a vulnerable system. They can even do this without valid credentials as long as it is possible to make web requests to the Confluence system.

After successfully exploiting the Confluence Server systems, the attacker immediately deployed an in-memory copy of the BEHINDER implant. BEHINDER provides very powerful capabilities to attackers, including memory-only web shells and built-in support for interaction with Meterpreter and Cobalt Strike.

**Mitigation**

There are currently no fixed versions of Confluence Server and Data Center available. In the interim, users should work with their security team to consider the best course of action. Options to consider include:

*   Restricting access to Confluence Server and Data Center instances from the internet.
*   Disabling Confluence Server and Data Center instances.
*   If you are unable to take the above actions, implementing a WAF (Web Application Firewall) rule which blocks URLs containing **${** may reduce your risk.

_Note: **${** is the first part of a parameter substitution in a shell script_

**Affected versions**

All supported versions of Confluence Server and Data Center are affected. And according to Atlassian it’s likely that **all** versions of Confluence Server and Data Center are affected, but they are still investigating and have yet to confirm the earliest affected version.

One important exception: if you access your Confluence site via an atlassian.net domain. This means it is hosted by Atlassian and is not vulnerable.

We will keep you posted about the developments, so stay tuned.

Unpatched Atlassian Confluence vulnerability is actively exploited

This Internet Safety Month, learn about the consequences of unsafe Internet practices, and how to avoid them. 
The post Internet Safety Month: Avoiding the consequences of unsafe Internet practices appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Welcome to Internet Safety Month, a once-a-year event in which you, the public, are told that anywhere between three and 30 different best practices will simplify your approach to staying safe online.

Unfortunately, much of the well-intentioned advice surrounding Internet Safety Month ignores one basic fact about how people change their habits: We typically only correct our behavior after first making a mistake.

We buy rain boots after feeling the unique misery of drenched socks. We become sunscreen evangelists after getting burnt on the beach. We try on a different pair of jeans after a separate pair caused psychic damage to our egos.

This year, then, for Internet Safety Month, we’re packaging our advice a little differently.

Today, we’re going to share stories about the consequences of unsafe Internet practices. By focusing on this context, we hope that you’ll come away with a stronger understanding about, for instance, _why_ you should use a password manager rather than _that_ you should use a password manager.

Here’s what to avoid during Internet Safety Month, and every month after.

****Don’t lose thousands upon thousands of dollars****

In the world of online scams, criminals care about one thing: Your money.

That’s true for the criminals who send you phishing emails that ask you to fill out personal information on bogus webpages that spoof the legitimate sites of Netflix, or Facebook, or your bank. It’s also true of the criminals who prey on the elderly and the unassuming when pretending to develop a romantic relationship online, only to later ask for financial support and disappear.

None of these situations are hypotheticals.

Earlier this year, a woman in Tennessee was fooled in an online dating scam by a thief who stole $390,000 of her money. Just last month, after the Twitter account of a famous digital artist was hacked, cybercriminals abused the account to send promotions for a fraudulent collaboration between the artist and the luxury brand Lous Vuitton. By selling fake raffle tickets for the promotion, the scammers raked in $438,000 worth of cryptocurrency.

Staying safe in all of these situations can be difficult because, often times, the scammers on the other end are practiced, experienced professionals. Still, there are a few things you can do to best protect yourself from falling for an online scam.

*   **Do not click on links in emails or text messages from unknown senders**. Even if a message _looks_ like it came from a trustworthy source, like a store you often shop at, you should still be wary of any request to get you to hand over credit card or financial information online.
*   **Do not send money to anyone you haven’t met before**. When we spoke with Cindy Liebes of the Cybercrime Support Network about romance scams, she said many victims of romance scams often sent money to people they had never met in person.
*   **Do not trust everything you see online**. This may sound simple, but remember that even trusted sources of authority can have their online accounts hacked or spoofed—after all, why else do you think we see so many cryptocurrency scams centering on bogus Twitter accounts for Elon Musk? Because, at first blush, they look legitimate.

****Don’t ruin your device****

A true story from me, your author. In 2016, I bought a new smartphone that, as part of a promotion, came with an additional smart watch. Getting the smartwatch required sending a separate form and having the watch delivered to my home at a later date.

About a week after I’d sent the form, I received an email allegedly from the United States Postal Service. The email told me that an update on my package—which I believed to be my new smartwatch—could be read in the attached document, which I blindly downloaded and opened.

Lo and behold, the attachment contained ransomware. After just a few minutes, I’d ruined my work laptop. My files were encrypted and inaccessible and the only readable document remaining was a ransom note asking for money.

The worst part about ruining your work laptop is that you don’t even get to take the day off. Working as a reporter, I still had a story to file—I was on deadline! I spent the day reporting and writing an entire article _on my phone_. It was a nightmare that I recommend to no one.

Though my tale is just about ransomware, the truth is that much of today’s malware gets delivered either through malicious attachments or malicious websites. Here are some simple steps you can take to prevent these attacks from happening.

*   **Do not open email attachments from random senders**. You never know if what you’ve just received is actually malware in disguise.
*   **Do scrutinize email attachments of all types**. Even if you’ve received an attachment from someone or some organization that looks legitimate, remember that, in my case, I was fooled by an email that spoofed the USPS. In fact, a few years ago, threat actors managed to insert malicious attachments into _ongoing_ email threads between two trusted parties.
*   **Do run security updates**. Many malware campaigns rely on known vulnerabilities that have yet to be patched by individuals and organizations. The best defense you have to these types of attacks is to stay up to date on your software’s security patches.
*   **Do consider using a browser plugin that flags unsafe websites**. Some browser plugins can warn you if you’re visiting a dangerous website or a website that has been associated with previous malware scams. Consider using one of these plugins if you’re not sure who you can trust online.
*   **Do use a cybersecurity app**. A cybersecurity tool with real-time protection can stop malware before it has a chance to infect your device. This will provide you with the type of cover you need for when you aren’t remembering every best practice, which is okay. Sometimes you click a link you weren’t supposed to. Don’t beat yourself up about it—just get a cybersecurity app to back you up.

****Don’t make it easy for criminals****

A video of Kanye West from 2018 purportedly revealed that the rapper and producer’s iPhone passcode was 000000. Before you laugh, remember that every single year, a list of the top 10 or 20 most-used passwords (as determined through data breaches that revealed account credentials) typically includes “password” and “123456” near the top five placements. And, separately, though the reasons for the devastating SolarWinds breach are many, it’s hard to forget that, according to the company’s CEO, someone protected a critical, internal account with only the password “solarwinds123.”

The lesson here is simple: Don’t give cybercriminals a free pass.

The truth is, that in most cases, cybercriminals will only succeed against the least-defended targets. If you have any basic defenses in place, cybercriminals often won’t bother with a follow-up attempt to breach your device or steal your information—it’s simply too much trouble when they can move on to another potential victim.

Implement these practices—with the help of some tools—to ruin a cyberthief’s day.

*   **Do use strong passwords**. The longer the password the better in today’s world, in which password-cracking is more a function of time than “complexity.”
*   **Do use unique passwords for every account**.Repeat passwords are a huge risk to you because if your data is breached in an attack on one of the services you use, cybercriminals absolutely will try that password and username combo to access other popular services.
*   **Do use a password manager** to help keep track of the dozens of unique passwords you have.
*   **Do use two-factor (also called multi-factor) authentication**. With 2FA or MFA, even if your username and password are leaked, your account will still trigger a notification to your phone if a website recognizes that you are logging in from a different device or place. This can stop cyberthieves in their tracks even if they have your account credentials.
*   **Do use a VPN on public WiFi connections.** A virtual private network, or VPN, will encrypt your traffic, which can be especially helpful when connecting to public WiFi networks which could be vulnerable to eavesdropping. To learn how to choose the best VPN for you, read our advice here.

****Learn from the experiences of others****

The Internet can be a risky place where you can legitimately lose thousands of dollars or entire days’ worth of work. Don’t wait until you’ve made your own mistake to course-correct. Start changing your behavior today to enjoy a safer, better Internet experience.

Internet Safety Month: Avoiding the consequences of unsafe Internet practices

Parental controls are a helpful tool in keeping your children safe online. But they should not be considered a set and forget kind of tool.
The post Parental controls: What they can and can’t do for you appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Parental controls can be useful to limit the risks your children run into online, but you should know up front that they cannot eliminate every risk out there.

Parents and adults everywhere are understandably having a hard time keeping up with the favored social networks of children and adolescents, and that’s because the more “grown-ups” who sign up for these platforms, the less attractive they become for kids. So, even though you may be fully versed in Facebook, tough luck, because your children may have moved on without you knowing about it. Also, never underestimate the online skills of young ones—they almost certainly know a lot more about all things “cyber” than you did at that age.

Feeling the loss of control of your children’s digital lives can be hard to accept, which is why so many parents turn to parental controls to better understand what their kids are doing and how they can keep them safe.

Here’s what you can expect to accomplish with parental controls.

**Blocking bad sites**

The Internet is a place where misinformation, fake news, and scams are spread like nowhere else, and, as most of us know, not every site on the Internet is a safe, or even pleasant, place to visit. This is something that your child needs to understand.

Your first line of defense is some kind of blocklist that will prevent visits to known, unwanted sites. When you are looking for an anti-malware solution you will see that many of them will include some flavor of web protection. But for children-oriented web protection you will need a more extensive solution. After all, there is content that we consider suitable for adults, but not for children, and if we can block those as well, that is a step up.

Almost all Internet Service Providers (ISPs) give customers the option to use parental controls that filter the Internet right at the source. These controls can come free with your service, or may cost a little extra, but they can be a great resource to test and figure out. You will have to set up accounts for different users in your household, so you can create settings for each person so that the kids are protected, but you have full access.

There are ways around block lists which I will not discuss in detail here, but you should assume that your teens are familiar with proxy servers, VPNs, and probably even know how to access your account.

**Keeping track**

Communicate with your kids before implementing parental controls, especially online tracking. Your children deserve that you take their privacy seriously. Catching them red-handed is not a pleasant experience for either party, so it is better to prevent that from happening.

**Access scheduling**

Access scheduling is another very common part of parental controls. Some services let parents set a daily or weekly schedule for device usage. Others specifically restrict the amount of time your kid spends on the internet. Be aware that some of their homework needs to be done online. You do not want them to skip homework, so they have more online time for their game, right?

**Social media monitoring**

Social media monitoring is not a strong point of any parental control software that we have seen. One reason is that, as we said, it’s hard to keep up with what is popular right now and what is “old news” next month. Further, some of these platforms use some private messaging and are end-to-end encrypted—a boon to users everywhere seeking privacy and security in their communications in light of government oppression and censorship, but obviously a bit of a headache for parents who want to see if their child is engaging in risky or dangerous conversations.

As with many risks online, there is always more than one response to it in keeping your children safe. Lean off of technology and help your child avoid dangerous situations by teaching them to recognize the warning signs of unsafe conversations from strangers.

**Education trumps all**

You can expect the best result in the end from education rather than micro-management. Understanding why something is off limits tends to work better than blocking. Allow your children to use their own judgement, you may end up pleasantly surprised. Micro-management can be exhausting to both the child and the parent or guardian and sometimes it simply defeats the purpose. A site can be fully suited for children, but that doesn’t mean that predators may not also be lurking on those websites—particularly if they offer chat functionality. Worse, those predators may be looking to convince children into moving their conversations onto other platforms or, most dangerously, offline.

More than you staring over their shoulder, a child needs skills like critical thinking and resilience, so they know what do if they encounter risk. You want them to recognize and steer away from the danger.

For a more extensive guide on how to protect your children, and their devices, online, please read: Internet safety tips for kids and teens: A comprehensive guide for the modern parent.

Parental controls: What they can and can’t do for you

Our new EDR for Linux offering extends our advanced protection and response capabilities to Linux devices via Nebula and OneView. 
The post Introducing EDR for Linux: Remediating and isolating threats on Linux servers appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

We’re excited to announce our new EDR for Linux offering, which extends our advanced protection and response capabilities to Linux devices via Nebula and OneView.

In this post, we show you what remediating and isolating threats on Linux servers looks like with Malwarebytes EDR for Linux.

Let’s get started!

****Table of Contents****

*   Part 1: Downloading the test tool
*   Part 2: Remediating endpoints
*   Part 3: Endpoint isolation
*   Part 4: Removing endpoint isolation

Malwarebytes EDR for Linux provides a test tool to trigger suspicious activity.

Executing a shell script named **trigger.sh**, we downloaded Ncat from a Github repository and stored it in a temporary folder. We then ran Ncat from the temporary folder, trying to manipulate SSH authorized keys.

We can see that Ncat is now in our temporary folder.

Let’s head back to Nebula and check the “**Suspicious activities**” tab. At the top, we’ll see that on our **DB-demo-2** endpoint, Ncat in our temporary folder is being flagged as suspicious.

You might be wondering though: why exactly is running Ncat from a temporary folder considered suspicious? To find the reason, we can click on the **/TMP/NCAT** alert and see what detection rule was triggered.

As you can see above, we find that the technique triggered is **Command and Scripting Interpreter**. The attempt to execute a process from the temp folder – which gives full privileges – has been detected.

We can learn more about this particular adversary behavior, as well as which groups leverage these sorts of attacks, by clicking on the “**T1059 – Command Scripting and Interpreter**” link. This takes us to a MITRE ATT&CK page on the topic.

Now, it’s time to remediate the threat!

Going back to the “**Suspicious Activity”** tab, we can bulk select the threats we want to remediate. Under the “**Bulk Actions**” tab on the upper-right, a drop-down menu appears with a “**Remediate**” option.

The remediation process takes about one to two minutes to complete. We can check on the status of our remediation by going to the “**Tasks**” tab and clicking on the threat, as shown below.

Let’s confirm by checking back on our temp folder. As you can see, Ncat has been removed by our remediation engine.

**Part 3: Endpoint isolation**

We can isolate an endpoint by going over to the “**Endpoints**” tab. After selecting the machine we wish to isolate, we go under the “Actions” tab in the upper-right, a drop-down menu appears with a “**Isolate Endpoint(s)**” option.

We’re given the option to toggle either “**Block network connections**” or “**Block Processes’**‘ for this device. For this example, we only want to do network isolation.

This blocks the endpoint from all outbound and inbound communication – except trusted communication, such as with Nebula servers or OpenVPN. And, as you see below, we are disconnected from the endpoint and no longer able to ping it.

**Part 4: Removing endpoint isolation**

While we are no longer able to connect to the machine, we are still able to manage it. Going back to the “**Endpoints**” tab, we’re able to see the status of our device by clicking on it and going to “**Tasks**”.

We see that the “Isolating Endpoint” task is successful. To remove the isolation, we start by clicking the lock icon in the upper-right corner, which will prompt a “**Remove Isolation**” button.

When we refresh the page, our “**Remove Endpoint Isolation**” task appears with a pending status. Again, give this another minute to resolve to complete.

Now, we have reestablished a connection with the endpoint and can ping it.

Learn more about Malwarebytes EDR for Linux.