League of Legends fans beware! A new malware campaign targeting the League of Legends World Championship is spreading…

League of Legends fans beware! A new malware campaign targeting the League of Legends World Championship is spreading rapidly.  Learn how to protect yourself from the Lumma Stealer virus and keep your gaming experience safe.

As the League of Legends (LoL) World Championship heats up (Sept 23–Nov 2, 2024), cybercriminals are taking the opportunity to target unsuspecting fans with malware campaigns. A recent report from Bitdefender Labs warns of a new threat targeting gamers across Europe and has already claimed around 4,000 victims, mostly male adults. 

The malicious campaign is exploiting the excitement surrounding the global esports event. The scam involves carefully crafted social media advertisements that lure fans into downloading what appears to be a legitimate League of Legends game. It is worth noting that the game is already free to play and this is just a trick to lure users. 

One of the malicious League of Legends ads on Facebook discovered by Bitdefender

When the download button is clicked, Lumma Stealer malware is installed, allowing criminals to extract sensitive information such as credit card information, passwords, crypto wallets, and browser session cookies. 

The scam was discovered by Bitdefender Labs’ researcher Ionut Baltariu. As per their findings shared with Hackread.com ahead of publishing on Wednesday, the attackers are using social media platforms to reach League of Legends enthusiasts with ads that promise a free download of the game. Those who fall for the ad are directed to a page mimicking an older version of the League of Legends download page crafted using typosquatting to make it harder to detect.

After clicking the download link, they are directed to a Bitbucket repository containing a malicious archive. The downloaded archive contains an executable and a legitimate Windows file, user32.dll, which serves as a dropper for Lumma Stealer, a dangerous malware part of the MaaS (Malware-as-a-Service) economy. 

****The Lumma Stealer Threat:****

Lumma Stealer is a powerful data-stealing malware capable of extracting sensitive information from infected devices. Cybercriminals can steal steal social media accounts, and sell stolen data on underground markets, facilitating identity theft and phishing attacks. Also, Lumma injects itself into a legitimate Windows process, bitlockertogo.exe, to remain undetected by antivirus software.

To protect yourself from cybercriminals during the League of Legends World Championship, follow these precautions: double-check website URLs, download from official sources like the official website or Steam, be cautious of online ads that seem too good to be true, and use a strong security solution like a reputable antivirus and security suite. Stay alert against cybersecurity risks to have a safe gaming experience.

1.  Analysis of Top Infostealers: Redline, Vidar and Formbook
2.  LummaC2 Malware Variant Uses Obfuscation to Steal Data
3.  Hacked YouTube Channels Spread Lumma via Cracked Software
4.  PDiddySploit Malware Hidden in Files Revealing Deleted Diddy Posts
5.  LummaC2 v4.0 Steals Data with Trigonometry to Detect Human Users

Fake League of Legends Download Ads Spread Lumma Stealer Malware

The lesson for users, especially if you’re a private company that primarily uses GitHub, is just to understand the inherent dangers of using open-source software.

Thursday, August 1, 2024 14:00

A recently discovered security issue in GitHub and other, similar, control system products seem to fit into the classic “it’s a feature, not a bug” category. 

Security researchers last week published their findings into some research of how deleted forks in GitHub work, potentially leaving the door open for a malicious actor to steal a project key and then view deleted forks and versions of any project on GitHub. 

This may not necessarily even be a \*new\* discovery, because users on social media were quick to point out that these products have always been designed this way, so it’s not like a new sort of exploit had just been published. But the publishing of these findings came after Truffle Security says a major tech company accidentally leaked a private key for an employee GitHub account, and despite totally deleting the repo thinking that would take care of the leak, it was still exposed and accessed by potentially malicious users.  

This potential issue has not been tested in similar software like GitLab or Bitbucket, but conceivably, they’ve all been designed in the same way. The major difference for GitHub is that deleted or unpublished commits can be downloaded via a fork if the user has the correct identifying hash (or at least a portion of it).  

The issue here is there is no real patch or fix to address this issue, and now it’s widely known and been publicized on the internet.  

GitHub told The Register that this is part of how the software is designed, and there doesn’t appear any efforts underway to change that. 

“GitHub is committed to investigating reported security issues. We are aware of this report and have validated that this is expected and documented behavior inherent to how fork networks work. You can read more about how deleting or changing visibility affects repository forks in our documentation,” the company said in a statement to online publication The Register. 

The lesson for users, especially if you’re a private company that primarily uses GitHub, is just to understand the inherent dangers of using open-source software like those projects that are created and managed on GitHub. (Martin Lee and I will be discussing more in tomorrow morning’s episode of Talos Takes.) 

The other option is that, if you’re a GitHub user and at some point, published a key, you should probably just assume someone has copied it by now. That means not only deleting references to that key but rotating the key and checking if it was used improperly.  

**The one big thing **

Cisco Talos recently discovered a malicious campaign that compromised a Taiwanese Government Affiliated Research Institute that started as early as July 2023, delivering Shadowpad malware, Cobalt Strike and other customized tools for post-compromise activities. The activity conducted on the victim endpoint matches the Chinese hacking group APT41. The combined use of malware, open-source tools and projects procedures and post-compromise activity matches this group method of operation. ShadowPad, widely considered the successor of PlugX, is a modular remote-access-trojan (RAT) only seen sold to Chinese hacking groups. 

**Why do I care? **

APT41 is a prolific and dangerous threat actor that all users and cybersecurity practitioners should be keeping track of. The group, also known as Amoeba, Bronze Atlas, Wicked Spider, and more, is known for carrying out Chinese state-sponsored espionage activity and other financially motivated cybercrimes. We have also uncovered that APT41 created a tailored loader to inject a proof of concept for CVE-2018-0824, a remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft COM for Windows, directly into memory to achieve local privilege escalation. 

**So now what? **

This threat actor commonly tries to exploit CVE-2018-0824, which Microsoft has long had a patch available for. Users should ensure all Windows systems are up to date to the latest version to protect against this vulnerability (and the hundreds of others that exist in Windows anyway!). Additionally, Talos has released new ClamAV signatures and Snort rules to detect the ShadowPad malware and Cobalt Strike beacons used by APT41.  

**Top security headlines of the week **

**Another Microsoft outage just days after the massive CrowdStrike-related incident was the result of a cyber attack, according to the company.** The outage Wednesday morning affected Microsoft Outlook and the video game “Minecraft” for almost 10 hours and forced thousands of users to report issues. The incident gained increased interest in the wake of a massive outage last weekend that resulted in international disruptions and tens of millions of dollars in damages. Microsoft stated after the outage was resolved that the initial issue was caused by a distributed denial-of-service attack, and additional mitigations to defend against that DDoS attack failed. A notification on Microsoft’s website said the outage affected Microsoft Azure, the cloud platform that powers many of its services, and Microsoft 365. It also said cloud systems Intune and Entra were affected. Even though Microsoft had no direct involvement in the previous outage, the company has been under a microscope since the incident. That outage was caused by a faulty update to CrowdStrike Falcon that was pushed to many versions of Windows 11. (BBC, Forbes) 

**A new version of the Mandrake Android spyware appears to be spreading through phony apps on the Google Play store.** The revised spyware, used to unknowingly track users’ location and activity on their mobile devices, has been downloaded more than 32,000 times since 2022, according to new research. The original version of Mandrake was active between two periods, one in 2016 and 2017 and another between 2018 and 2020. Besides the usual spyware functions, Mandrake can completely wipe a device with a killswitch, leaving no trace of the malware. Spyware commonly targets highly vulnerable individuals, including politicians, activists and journalists. Spouses and romantic partners may also use it to unknowingly track their significant others. The most popular fake app used was AirFS, an advertised file-sharing app, that was downloaded more than 30,000 times before it was removed from the Google Play store. Once the user installs the phony app, the Mandrake malware is unknowingly installed, and it asks for the user’s permission to draw overlays on their screen under the guise of the illegitimate app. (Bleeping Computer, Security Affairs) 

**North Korean APT Andariel is accused of carrying out a series of espionage-focused campaigns targeting U.S. weapon systems over the past two years.** Security researchers say the state-sponsored group targeted healthcare providers, defense contractors and nuclear facilities, possibly to steal information that could improve the country’s own weapons programs. North Korea is constantly using its posession of nuclear weapons to try and intimidate Western countries. Separately, the U.S. indicted a North Korean citizen for his alleged involvement in several cyber attacks against American hospitals. The individual, suspected of having ties to North Korea’s Reconnaissance General Bureau, allegedly targeted hospitals in Florida and Kansas, healthcare providers in Arkansas and Connecticut, and a clinic in Colorado. The U.S. State Department is offering a reward of up to $10 million for information that leads to the arrest of Rim Jong Hyok. (The Record, CNN) 

**Can’t get enough Talos? **

*   Ransomware and email attacks are hitting businesses more than ever before 
*   Cisco Talos: An oral history 
*   Vulnerability Roundup: Out-of-bounds read vulnerability in NVIDIA driver; Open-source flashcard software contains multiple security issues 
*   Talos Takes Ep. #192: Threat actor trends and the most prevalent malware from the past quarter 

**Upcoming events where you can find Talos **

**_BlackHat USA_** **_(Aug. 3 – 8)_** 

_Las Vegas, Nevada_ 

**_Defcon_** **_(Aug. 8 – 11)_** 

_Las Vegas, Nevada_ 

**_BSides Krakow_** **_(Sept. 14)_**  

_Krakow, Poland_ 

**Most prevalent malware files from Talos telemetry over the past week **

**SHA 256:** 9f1f11a708d393e0a4109ae189bc64f1f3e312653dcf317a2bd406f18ffcc507  
**MD5:** 2915b3f8b703eb744fc54c81f4a9c67f f  
**Typical Filename:** VID001.exe  
**Claimed Product:** N/A  
**Detection Name:** Win.Worm.Coinminer::1201

**SHA 256:** c67b03c0a91eaefffd2f2c79b5c26a2648b8d3c19a22cadf35453455ff08ead0  
**MD5:** 8c69830a50fb85d8a794fa46643493b2  
**Typical Filename:** AAct.exe  
**Claimed Product:** N/A  
**Detection Name:** PUA.Win.Dropper.Generic::1201

**SHA 256:** 161937ed1502c491748d055287898dd37af96405aeff48c2500b834f6739e72d  
**MD5:** fd743b55d530e0468805de0e83758fe9  
**Typical Filename:** KMSAuto Net.exe  
**Claimed Product:** KMSAuto Net  
**Detection Name:** W32.File.MalParent

**SHA 256:** 24283c2eda68c559f85db7bf7ccfe3f81e2c7dfc98a304b2056f1a7c053594fe  
**MD5:** 49ae44d48c8ff0ee1b23a310cb2ecf5a  
**Typical Filename:** nYzVlQyRnQmDcXk  
**Claimed Product:** N/A  
**Detection Name:** Win.Dropper.Scar::tpd

**SHA 256:** bea312ccbc8a912d4322b45ea64d69bb3add4d818fd1eb7723260b11d76a138a  
**MD5:** 200206279107f4a2bb1832e3fcd7d64c  
**Typical Filename:** lsgkozfm.bat  
**Claimed Product:** N/A  
**Detection Name:** Win.Dropper.Scar::tpd

There is no real fix to the security issues recently found in GitHub and other similar software

Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin 886.v44cf5e4ecec5 and earlier prints the Bitbucket OAuth access token as part of the Bitbucket URL in the build log in some cases.

Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin 887.va_d359b_3d2d8d does not include the Bitbucket OAuth access token as part of the Bitbucket URL in the build log.


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1.  GitHub Advisory Database
2.  GitHub Reviewed
3.  CVE-2024-39460

**Bitbucket OAuth access token exposed in the build log by Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin**

Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Jun 26, 2024 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Jun 26, 2024

**Package**

maven org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cloudbees-bitbucket-branch-source (Maven)

**Affected versions**

<= 886.v44cf5e4ecec5

**Description**

Published to the GitHub Advisory Database

Jun 26, 2024

Last updated

Jun 26, 2024

GHSA-x8mf-jcmf-r79f: Bitbucket OAuth access token exposed in the build log by Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin 

PRESS RELEASE

TEL AVIV, Israel, June 06, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Backslash Security, today unveiled expansive new platform capabilities. With a broad roster of new on-premises integrations, security team workflow integrations and automation features, CI/CD integrations, and bolstered language support, Backslash now serves the full software development lifecycle and further supports the application security needs of large enterprises.

“There are two core elements that make AppSec teams successful – one is cutting through the noise to prioritize truly reachable and exploitable vulnerabilities; the other is building confidence with our developers to trust that the risks we flag are real, and worth their effort to investigate and fix,” said Shane Garoutte, Head of Security & Compliance at Capital Rx. “Backslash’s focus on reachability analysis enables us to achieve both, and with the platform’s expanded capabilities, we can also work seamlessly with DevOps to integrate security throughout the software development lifecycle.”

Backslash combines SCA, SAST, SBOM, VEX, and secrets detection to replace outdated legacy SAST and SCA tools with a single, enterprise-ready platform that uncovers the most critical risks through reachability analysis. Newly released enhancements to the Backslash platform include:

Extended support for large enterprise use cases: 

*   Integrations with Github Enterprise On-Premise, Github Enterprise Server, Gitlab On-Premise and Bitbucket On-Premise enable seamless connection to enterprise on-premises codebases.
    
*   Extended language support adds C, C++, Ruby, Rust and Scala to Backslash’s existing language portfolio to serve diverse technology stacks and secure the entire codebase, including third party libraries and dependencies.
    
*   Role-based access controls enable enterprises to easily manage access to the Backslash platform for large and varied user bases across the organization.
    

Security team workflow enhancements: New automation policies and actions features enable Backslash users to specify security workflows and automatically create tickets and notifications with the following collaboration platforms: Jira, Monday.com, ServiceNow, Slack and Microsoft Teams.

CI/CD integrations for DevSecOps support: Integrations with Gitlab Pipelines, Github Actions and Azure Pipelines enable DevOps teams to implement DevSecOps processes and prevent new issues from being introduced in the pull request and CI/CD stages.

Reachability analysis enhancements:

*   Phantom packages are packages not defined or controlled by the app developer but introduced by a transitive one, escaping the developer's control and potentially introducing vulnerable versions into the application. Backslash detects these phantom packages in OSS code, even if they are not declared in manifest files.
    
*   Backslash Security’s reachability analysis identifies vulnerable transitive packages, helping developers understand which vulnerabilities are actually in use and therefore exploitable within their codebase, allowing them to prioritize what to fix.
    
*   New UI features bolster reachability evidence by showing code references for each reachable path.
    

"Backslash enables enterprises to prioritize truly critical code risks and facilitate trust among the many teams and stakeholders within the software development lifecycle," said Yossi Pik, co-founder and CTO of Backslash Security. "These latest enhancements automate key AppSec tasks, ensure issues are handled according to the correct priorities, and integrate smoothly into organizational workflows, all while strengthening our reachability analysis to provide enterprise security teams with incomparable results."

Start a free trial with full access to the Backslash platform via a pre-configured demo environment that includes SAST, SCA, phantom packages, VEX, SBOM, secrets, and more, now available at backslash.security/trial.

About Backslash  
Backslash's fusion of SAST and SCA empowers enterprise AppSec teams to focus on fixing only the reachable, exploitable code vulnerabilities. By identifying authentic attack paths pointed at reachable code, Backslash empowers security teams to focus on rectifying only the code and open-source software (OSS) components that are actively in use and accessible to potential attackers. Thanks to this precision, Backslash enables teams to fix only the vulnerable code and OSS that indeed needs addressing – the reachable, exploitable components.

Backed by StageOne Ventures, First Rays Venture Partners, D. E. Shaw & Co., and a roster of security veterans as angel investors, Backslash has been deployed across leading technology organizations and Fortune 100 companies. Learn more at https://www.backslash.security/.

Backslash Unveils Enterprise-Grade Capabilities to its Reachability-Based AppSec Platform

By Owais Sultan
WordPress, a widely used content management system, owes a great deal of its flexibility to plugins. These small…
This is a post from HackRead.com Read the original post: The Essential Tools and Plugins for WordPress Development

WordPress, a widely used content management system, owes a great deal of its flexibility to plugins. These small software components effortlessly improve the functionality of your website. Having the right resources and tools is crucial for developers venturing into WordPress development services. Let’s explore the essential elements that can facilitate and enhance your journey in this field.

****Essential Tools for WordPress Development****

WordPress powers millions of websites worldwide (472 million), from personal blogs to enterprise-level e-commerce platforms. Developers face challenges in such a diverse ecosystem, from writing clean and efficient code to ensuring seamless website deployment and maintenance. The right tools act as enablers, empowering developers to navigate these challenges easily and precisely.

****Code Editors****

Choosing a suitable code editor is akin to selecting the right brush for an artist. Versatile editors like Visual Studio Code or Sublime Text provide many features such as syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and Git integration. These features enhance productivity and foster a conducive environment for writing clean, maintainable code.

****Local Development Environments****

Developing and testing WordPress websites on a live server can be risky and inefficient. Local development environments, facilitated by tools like XAMPP, MAMP, or Docker, provide a safe and controlled environment for experimentation and iteration. Developers can test new features, plugins, and themes without fearing disrupting the live website, ensuring a seamless user experience upon deployment.

****Version Control Systems****

Version control systems like Git are the backbone of efficient teamwork in a collaborative development environment. Paired with platforms like GitHub or Bitbucket, these systems enable developers to manage code changes seamlessly, collaborate with team members in real time, and maintain a comprehensive project history. This fosters a cohesive and organized development environment, ensuring everyone is on the same page throughout the development lifecycle.

****Debugging Tools****

No code is perfect, and debugging is inevitable in the development process. Specialized debugging tools like Query Monitor or Debug Bar provide developers with invaluable insights into the inner workings of their WordPress projects. These tools are indispensable for maintaining a robust and efficient website, from identifying and troubleshooting issues to monitoring performance and optimizing the codebase.

****Must-Have Plugins for WordPress Development****

WordPress’s flexibility and extensibility are key factors contributing to its popularity among developers worldwide. However, the sheer volume of available plugins can be overwhelming, making it essential for developers to discern and integrate the most suitable ones into their projects. Here’s why selecting the right plugins is imperative for effective WordPress development:

****SEO Plugins****

Optimizing websites for search engines is essential for driving organic traffic and enhancing visibility. SEO plugins like Yoast SEO or Rank Math provide developers with robust tools to optimize their WordPress sites effectively. Features such as XML sitemap generation, meta tag optimization, and comprehensive content analysis empower developers to bolster their site’s visibility and relevance in search engine results, increasing organic traffic and user engagement.

****Performance Optimization Plugins****

User experience is paramount in retaining visitors and fostering engagement on WordPress websites. Performance optimization plugins such as WP Rocket or W3 Total Cache offer many optimization features to improve site speed and performance. From caching mechanisms to asset minification and lazy loading, these plugins ensure a snappier and more responsive user experience, leading to higher user satisfaction and retention.

****Security Plugins****

Protecting WordPress websites against security threats is a top priority for developers. Security plugins like Wordfence or Sucuri Security fortify the site’s defences with features such as firewall protection, malware scanning, and enhanced login security. By implementing these plugins, developers can ensure peace of mind against potential threats and vulnerabilities, safeguarding their websites and user data from malicious attacks.

****Development & Debugging Plugins****

Efficient development workflows are essential for maintaining productivity and delivering high-quality WordPress projects. Development and debugging plugins such as Query Monitor or Debug Bar streamline debugging and optimization by providing critical insights into database queries, PHP errors, and HTTP requests. By leveraging these plugins, developers can identify and address issues swiftly, ensuring the seamless operation of WordPress projects and minimizing development time.

****Elevate Your WordPress Development Experience****

Integrating these indispensable tools and plugins into your WordPress development arsenal empowers you to transcend boundaries, streamline processes, and unlock the full potential of your projects. By staying abreast of the latest advancements in the WordPress ecosystem, you can continually refine and optimize your development practices, fostering innovation and excellence in your endeavours.

1.  What To Look For In The Best WordPress Hosting
2.  What is WooCommerce, and Why You Should Care
3.  Kotlin app development company – How to choose
4.  Tips for Using Uploader Widgets on WordPress Blogs
5.  MySQL Performance Tuning: 5 Tips for Blazing Fast Queries

The Essential Tools and Plugins for WordPress Development

In Jenkins Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin 866.vdea_7dcd3008e and earlier, except 848.850.v6a_a_2a_234a_c81, when discovering pull requests from forks, the trust policy "Forks in the same account" allows changes to Jenkinsfiles from users without write access to the project when using Bitbucket Server.

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1.  GitHub Advisory Database
2.  GitHub Reviewed
3.  CVE-2024-28152

**Jenkins Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin has incorrect trust policy behavior for pull requests**

Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Mar 6, 2024 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Mar 6, 2024

**Package**

maven org.jenkins-ci.plugins:cloudbees-bitbucket-branch-source (Maven)

**Affected versions**

< 871.v28d74e8b4226

**Patched versions**

871.v28d74e8b\_4226

**Description**

Published to the GitHub Advisory Database

Mar 6, 2024

GHSA-m4rm-x2rr-357w: Jenkins Bitbucket Branch Source Plugin has incorrect trust policy behavior for pull requests

The jose4j component before 0.9.4 for Java allows attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a large p2c (aka PBES2 Count) value.

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1.  GitHub Advisory Database
2.  GitHub Reviewed
3.  CVE-2023-51775

**jose4j denial of service via specifically crafted JWE**

Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Feb 29, 2024 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Feb 29, 2024

**Package**

maven org.bitbucket.b\_c:jose4j (Maven)

**Affected versions**

< 0.9.4

**Description**

Published to the GitHub Advisory Database

Feb 29, 2024

Last updated

Feb 29, 2024

GHSA-6qvw-249j-h44c: jose4j denial of service via specifically crafted JWE

This week on the Lock and Code podcast, we speak with Jason Haddix about how businesses can protect against modern cyberthreats.

_Today on the Lock and Code podcast_…

If your IT and security teams think malware is bad, wait until they learn about everything else.

In 2024, the modern cyberattack is a segmented, prolonged, and professional effort, in which specialists create strictly financial alliances to plant malware on unsuspecting employees, steal corporate credentials, slip into business networks, and, for a period of days if not weeks, simply sit and watch and test and prod, escalating their privileges while refraining from installing any noisy hacking tools that could be flagged by detection-based antivirus scans.

In fact, some attacks have gone so “quiet” that they involve no malware at all. Last year, some ransomware gangs refrained from _deploying ransomware_ in their own attacks, opting to steal sensitive data and then threaten to publish it online if their victims refused to pay up—a method of extracting a ransom that is entirely without ransom_ware_.

Understandably, security teams are outflanked. Defending against sophisticated, multifaceted attacks takes resources, technologies, and human expertise. But not every organization has that at hand.

What, then, are IT-constrained businesses to do?

Today, on the Lock and Code podcast with host David Ruiz, we speak with Jason Haddix, the former Chief Information Security Officer at the videogame developer Ubisoft, about how he and his colleagues from other companies faced off against modern adversaries who, during a prolonged crime spree, plundered employee credentials from the dark web, subverted corporate 2FA protections, and leaned heavily on internal web access to steal sensitive documentation.

Haddix, who launched his own cybersecurity training and consulting firm Arcanum Information Security this year, said he learned so much during his time at Ubisoft that he and his peers in the industry coined a new, humorous term for attacks that abuse internet-connected platforms: “A browser and a dream.”

> “When you first hear that, you’re like, ‘Okay, what could a browser give you inside of an organization?'”

But Haddix made it clear:

“On the internal LAN, you have knowledge bases like SharePoint, Confluence, MediaWiki. You have dev and project management sites like Trello, local Jira, local Redmine. You have source code managers, which are managed via websites—Git, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, Subversion. You have repo management, build servers, dev platforms, configuration, management platforms, operations, front ends. These are all websites.”

Tune in today.

_Show notes and credits:_

Intro Music: “Spellbound” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)  
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License  
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  
Outro Music: “Good God” by Wowa (unminus.com)  
LLM Prompt Injection Game: https://gandalf.lakera.ai/

**Overwhelmed by modern cyberthreats? ThreatDown can help.**

The 2024 ThreatDown State of Malware report is a comprehensive analysis of six pressing cyberthreats this year—including Big Game ransomware, Living Off The Land (LOTL) attacks, and malvertising—with strategies on how IT and security teams can protect against them.

 If only you had to worry about malware, with Jason Haddix: Lock and Code S05E04 

By Deeba Ahmed
CloudFlare Servers Were Hacked on Thanksgiving Day Using Auth Tokens Stolen in Okta Breach.
This is a post from HackRead.com Read the original post: Cloudflare Hacked After State Actor Leverages Okta Breach

The aftermath of the 2023 Okta breach continues to unfold, with Cloudflare disclosing the details of its security compromise.

Cloudflare, a globally renowned cloud services provider, experienced a security incident on Thanksgiving Day, 23 November 2023, allowing unauthorized access to their internal Atlassian server. The company confirmed no customer data or systems were affected by the intrusion, which was effectively blocked within 24 hours.

The investigation was concluded recently. According to the company’s blog post published on 2 February 2024, Cloudflare detected the breach on 24 November 2023 and the investigation was launched on 27th November in cooperation with CrowdStrike, called Project Code Red. 

Cloudflare’s systems were accessed by attackers using an access token and three service account credentials were stolen during a previous Okta breach in October 2023. The threat actor gained access to its Atlassian environment using stolen credentials, reportedly seeking information about Cloudflare’s global network’s architecture, security, and management. It is worth noting that Cloudflare’s Atlassian system is responsible for managing internal collaboration tools like Confluence and Jira. 

> _“The threat actor accessed Jira tickets about vulnerability management, secret rotation, MFA bypass, network access, and even our response to the Okta incident itself. The wiki searches and pages accessed suggest the threat actor was very interested in all aspects of access to our systems: password resets, remote access, configuration, our use of Salt, but they did not target customer data or customer configurations.”_
> 
> Cloudflare

Cloudflare discovered that a ‘nation-state attacker’ could be responsible for their server’s breach. However, the company did not share further details on the possible perpetrator. The attacker accessed its Confluence wiki, Jira bug database, and Bitbucket source code management system on 14 November 2023.

Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince, CTO John Graham-Cumming, and CISO Grant Bourzikas stated that on November 22, hackers gained persistent access to their Atlassian server, source code management system, and console server.

They also unsuccessfully attempted to gain access to a data center in São Paulo, Brazil, which was not yet put into production by Cloudflare. As a precautionary measure, every piece of equipment at its Brazil data center was returned to manufacturers to ensure the facility was safe.

As for prevention, response measures from Cloudflare’s staff included rotating all 5,000 unique production credentials, physically segmenting test and staging systems, performing forensic triage on around 4,983 systems, and re-imaging and rebooting global network systems.

According to Cloudflare, this includes all Atlassian servers, including Bitbucket, Jira, and Confluence. Although all remediation efforts were completed by 5th January, Cloudflare is still actively focusing on software hardening, and credential and vulnerability management.

For your information, Okta, an identity and access management services provider, reported a data breach on 23 October 2023, allowing unauthorized access to files, including session tokens, which could be used for hijacking attacks.

The attacker compromised a stolen account between September 28 and October 17, 2023, to view, update, and extract sensitive data by accessing Okta’s support case management system. 

Okta’s chief security officer, David Bradbury, revealed that at least 134 customers were impacted by the breach and some files were HAR files containing session tokens, which could be used for session hijacking attacks.

Many firms have reportedly been targeted with stolen Okta credentials, Cloudflare being one of them. Previously, 1Password, one of Okta’s customers, reportedly was targeted. On September 29, 2023, 1Password detected suspicious activity where a threat actor used a stolen session token to access its Okta administrative portal.

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Cloudflare Hacked After State Actor Leverages Okta Breach

Cloudflare has revealed that it was the target of a likely nation-state attack in which the threat actor leveraged stolen credentials to gain unauthorized access to its Atlassian server and ultimately access some documentation and a limited amount of source code.
The intrusion, which took place between November 14 and 24, 2023, and detected on November 23, was carried out "with the goal of

Data Breach / Cloud Security

Cloudflare has revealed that it was the target of a likely nation-state attack in which the threat actor leveraged stolen credentials to gain unauthorized access to its Atlassian server and ultimately access some documentation and a limited amount of source code.

The intrusion, which took place between November 14 and 24, 2023, and detected on November 23, was carried out "with the goal of obtaining persistent and widespread access to Cloudflare's global network," the web infrastructure company said, describing the actor as "sophisticated" and one who "operated in a thoughtful and methodical manner."

As a precautionary measure, the company further said it rotated more than 5,000 production credentials, physically segmented test and staging systems, carried out forensic triages on 4,893 systems, reimaged and rebooted every machine across its global network.

The incident involved a four-day reconnaissance period to access Atlassian Confluence and Jira portals, following which the adversary created a rogue Atlassian user account and established persistent access to its Atlassian server to ultimately obtain access to its Bitbucket source code management system by means of the Sliver adversary simulation framework.

As many as 120 code repositories were viewed, out of which 76 are estimated to have been exfiltrated by the attacker.

"The 76 source code repositories were almost all related to how backups work, how the global network is configured and managed, how identity works at Cloudflare, remote access, and our use of Terraform and Kubernetes," Cloudflare said.

"A small number of the repositories contained encrypted secrets which were rotated immediately even though they were strongly encrypted themselves."

The threat actor is then said to have unsuccessfully attempted to "access a console server that had access to the data center that Cloudflare had not yet put into production in São Paulo, Brazil."

The attack was accomplished by making use of one access token and three service account credentials associated with Amazon Web Services (AWS), Atlassian Bitbucket, Moveworks, and Smartsheet that were stolen following the October 2023 hack of Okta's support case management system.

Cloudflare acknowledged that it had failed to rotate these credentials, mistakenly assuming they were unused.

The company also said it took steps to terminate all malicious connections originating from the threat actor on November 24, 2024. It also involved cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike to perform an independent assessment of the incident.

"The only production systems the threat actor could access using the stolen credentials was our Atlassian environment. Analyzing the wiki pages they accessed, bug database issues, and source code repositories, it appears they were looking for information about the architecture, security, and management of our global network," Cloudflare said.

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