Go behind the scenes with Talos incident responders and learn from what we've seen in the field.

Wednesday, October 16, 2024 08:51

Ensuring the cybersecurity of major events — whether it’s sports, professional conferences, expos, inter-government meetings or other gatherings — is a complex and time-intensive task.  

It requires a comprehensive approach and collaboration among various stakeholders, including vendors, hospitality teams, and service providers, to establish a consistent cybersecurity strategy across the entire event ecosystem. 

In our latest version of the “Protecting major events: An incident response blueprint” whitepaper, Cisco Talos Incident Response outlines the essential steps organizations should take to secure any major event. This paper highlights 13 critical focus areas that will guide organizing committees and participating businesses, offering key questions and actionable answers to help ensure robust event security.

Protecting major events: An incident response blueprint

The long-active, India-sponsored cyber-threat group targeted multiple entities across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and even Europe in a recent attack wave that demonstrated the use of a previously unknown post-exploit tool called StealerBot.

Source: Papilio via Alamy Stock Photo

The elusive, India-based advanced persistent threat (APT) group SideWinder has unleashed a new flurry of attacks against high-profile entities and strategic infrastructure targets that span numerous countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and even Europe, signaling an expansion of its geographic reach. The attacks also show the group is using an advanced post-exploitation toolkit dubbed "StealerBot" to further its cyber-espionage activity, researchers have found.

The state-sponsored group — active since 2012, publicly outed in 2018, and mainly known for attacking rivals in Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, and Nepal — has demonstrated a widening of its geographic scope in the last six months. The latest attacks, observed by researchers at Kaspersky and outlined in a post on the SecureList blog, for the first time revealed some of SideWinder's post-compromise activities, which have remained largely unknown despite years of study by researchers.

Specifically, SideWinder has lately targeted entities in Bangladesh, Djibouti, Jordan, Malaysia, the Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates in the attacks. Affected sectors are varied, and include: government and military entities, logistics, infrastructure and telecommunications companies, financial institutions, universities, and oil trading companies. Attackers also targeted diplomatic entities in Afghanistan, France, China, India, Indonesia, and Morocco.

As for StealerBot, the researchers described the malware — which they believe is the main post-exploitation tool used by SideWinder — as "an advanced modular implant designed specifically for espionage activities."

**SideWinder's Typical Cyberattack Chain**

Though geography and post-exploit tactics vary, SideWinder used its typical attack chain in the latest spate of attacks. The group started with a spear-phishing email with an attachment, which is usually a Microsoft OOXML document — ie, .docx or .xlsx — or a .zip archive, which in turn contains a malicious .lnk file. This file triggers a multistage infection chain with various JavaScript and .NET downloaders, which ultimately ends with the installation of the StealerBot espionage tool for further activity.

The documents used in the spear-phishing part of the campaign often contain information obtained from public websites, "which is used to lure the victim into opening the file and believing it to be legitimate," Kaspersky lead security researchers Giampaolo Dedola and Vasily Berdnikov wrote in the post. In this case, some of the email lures included public photos, images, and references to diplomatic and other activity that might be of interest to the intended target.

All the documents in the attacks use the remote template injection technique to download an .rtf file that is stored on a remote server controlled by the attackers. These files are specifically crafted to exploit CVE-2017-11882, a 7-year-old memory corruption vulnerability in Microsoft Office software, to download further shellcode and malware that uses various tricks to avoid sandboxes and complicate analysis, the researchers said. The ultimate purpose of the malware is to extricate data from infected systems and conduct cyberespionage.

**New StealerBot Modular Malware**

StealerBot, so-named by the attacker, is a modular implant developed with .NET to perform espionage activities. Rather than loading the malware's components on the filesystem of the infected machine, as is typical, the attack chain observed by the researchers loads them into memory by one of the numerous modules of the malware, which in this case acts as a backdoor loader that attackers dubbed "ModuleInstaller."

That module is a downloader that deploys the Trojan that SideWinder uses to maintain a foothold on compromised machines. It's a tool previously wielded by the group and observed by Kaspersky, but not unveiled publicly until now, the researchers noted.

The attackers designed ModuleInstaller to drop at least four files: a legitimate and signed application used to sideload a malicious library; a .config manifest embedded in the program as a resource and required by the next stage to properly load additional modules; a malicious library; and an encrypted payload. "We observed various combinations of the dropped files," the researchers noted.

Another module, called the "Orchestrator," is the main component of the malware that communicates with SideWinder command-and-control (C2) and executes and manages the other malware plugins. All told, StealerBot includes various modules for: installing additional malware, capturing screenshots, logging keystrokes, stealing passwords from browsers, stealing files, phishing Windows credentials, and escalating privileges by bypassing user account control (UAC), among other activities.

**Largely Underestimated Attackers**

SideWinder long has been perceived as a low-skilled threat group due to its use of public exploits and remote access Trojans (RATs), as well as malicious .lnk files and scripts as infection vectors, according to Kaspersky. However, they should not be underestimated by defenders, as "their true capabilities only become apparent when you carefully examine the details of their operations," the researchers wrote.

As the new wave of attacks shows "a significant expansion of the group’s activities," those who may be targeted should be on alert and aware of the threat posed by the group, they said.

To help defenders recognize the presence of SideWinder and its tool StealerBot on their networks, the researchers included a comprehensive list of indicators of compromise (IoCs) for various stages of the attack in their post.

The IoCs include references to malicious documents, and .rtf and .lnk files, as well as specific IoCs to various modules of StealerBot. A long list of malicious domains and IPs associated with the attacks also is included in the post.

**About the Author**

Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer, journalist, and therapeutic writing mentor with more than 25 years of professional experience. Her areas of expertise include technology, business, and culture. Elizabeth previously lived and worked as a full-time journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco, and New York City; she currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal. In her free time, she enjoys surfing, hiking with her dogs, traveling, playing music, yoga, and cooking.

Sidewinder Casts Wide Geographic Net in Latest Attack Spree

Organizations should be on high alert until next month's US presidential election to ensure the integrity of the voting process, researchers warn.

Source: Jon Helgason via Alamy Stock Photo

Cyber-threat actors have ramped up their targeting of the 2024 US elections with a flood of malicious activity expected to peak over the next month, aimed at causing disruption to voters and the election process and requiring increased vigilance on the part of stakeholders.

Specifically, attackers have bolstered election-related threat activity since the beginning of the year with an increase in the sale of phishing kits targeting US voters and campaign donors; the registration of more than 1,000 domains aimed at exploiting election-related content for malicious purposes; and increased ransomware activity targeting government entities, according to research from FortiGuard Labs Threat Research released today.

Since the inception of Internet-related threats, cyber-threat actors have typically increased malicious activity ahead of elections, notes Derek Manky, chief security strategist and vice president of global threat intelligence at Fortinet. However, they aim to be especially disruptive during the current election cycle, requiring that all stakeholders be prepared to fend off malicious actors in the upcoming weeks to protect election outcomes.

"As the 2024 US presidential election approaches, it's critical to recognize and understand the cyber threats that may impact the integrity and trustworthiness of the election process and the welfare of the participating citizens," he says.

Indeed, separate research has found that adversaries from Russia, China, and Iran in particular have been using cyber operations to stoke discord and influence election outcomes rather than make direct attacks on voting machines or other voter infrastructure. These more insidious tactics require a different type of vigilance on the part of defenders, the researchers noted.

**Specific Threats to Watch For**

FortiGuard Labs' latest election-threat research is the result of analysis of threats gathered from January 2024 to August 2024 that may affect US-based entities and the electoral process. The researchers discovered several key areas of threat activity that have been on the rise.

One is a significant increase in the availability of affordable phishing kits on the Dark Web designed to target voters and donors by impersonating the presidential candidates and their campaigns. Specifically, the researchers found kits for $1,260 created to impersonate US presidential candidates and to harvest personal information, including names, addresses, and credit card details.

Part of the phishing activity around the current election cycle also includes an increase of highly convincing mobile scams that use phone calls, voicemails, or messaging services that leverage deepfake technology to spread misinformation, which can affect voter outcomes, notes Alex Quilici, CEO at YouMail.

"AI can now create highly convincing voice attacks that make it sound like a trusted figure, such as a candidate, urging you not to vote or spreading false information," he says. "This kind of deception can seriously undermine public trust and disrupt the electoral process."

Attackers also have registered more than 1,000 new potentially malicious domains since the beginning of 2024 that incorporate election-related content and candidates to lure unsuspecting targets and potentially conduct nefarious activities, the researchers noted. The two most-used hosting providers for these election-themed websites are AMAZON-02 and CLOUDFLARENET, demonstrating that attackers are leveraging known, reputable services to bolster the legitimacy of malicious domains.

Another way cyberattackers can spread misinformation and disrupt the democratic process is through the use of people's personal information to directly target them, the researchers noted. Fortinet found that there currently is an abundance of this type of material on the Dark Web, with more than 1.3 billion rows of combo lists — which include usernames, email addresses, and passwords — of US citizens for sale for nefarious use.

The availability of this data poses a considerable risk for credential-stuffing attacks that allow cybercriminals to gain unauthorized access to people's accounts. Overall, the availability of so much personal data of various election stakeholders creates potential indirect disruption in the voting process, notes Casey Ellis, founder and chief strategy officer at Bugcrowd.

"While it may be difficult to use these records to commit the kind of fraud or attacks that would directly modify the outcome of an election, it's certainly a cheap and simple exercise to simply highlight the possibility of their use as a way to instill distrust in the democratic process, and to potential affect and manipulate voter turnout," he says.

FortiGuard Labs researchers also noted a 28% increase in ransomware attacks against the US government year-over-year based on observed leak sites. This type of activity also can threaten the integrity of the election process by undermining citizens' trust in the ability of the government to protect the personal data they collect from them.

**Protect Election Integrity**

To ensure the US presidential election process runs smoothly for all that wish to participate, Fortinet offered some recommendations to prevent and mitigate attacks between now and election day. The researchers advised that individuals and organizations alike always remain vigilant for suspicious behavior or activity leading up to major election-related events and prioritize good cyber hygiene in general to reduce potential threats.

Organizations, especially those related to the election or government agencies, should prioritize employee training and awareness about the cyber threats that exist that aim to disrupt the election process. Enforcing multifactor authentication and a strong password policy across both individuals' and organizations' online accounts also can protect against intrusion.

Finally, any organization with a stake in the election also should install endpoint protection solutions, patch operating systems and Web servers, and update software regularly to ensure systems are as secure as possible, Fortinet recommended.

**About the Author**

Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer, journalist, and therapeutic writing mentor with more than 25 years of professional experience. Her areas of expertise include technology, business, and culture. Elizabeth previously lived and worked as a full-time journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco, and New York City; she currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal. In her free time, she enjoys surfing, hiking with her dogs, traveling, playing music, yoga, and cooking.

Cyberattackers Unleash Flood of Potentially Disruptive Election-Related Activity

Intel Broker claims a major data breach at Cisco, allegedly stealing source codes, confidential documents, and credentials from…

Intel Broker claims a major data breach at Cisco, allegedly stealing source codes, confidential documents, and credentials from global firms like Verizon, AT&T, Microsoft, and more. Data is now for sale on Breach Forums.

Intel Broker, a hacker notorious for high-profile data breaches, is claiming to have breached the technology giant Cisco Systems, Inc. In a post on the cybercrime platform **Breach Forums**, the hacker stated that the breach enabled them to steal a massive amount of sensitive information from Cisco’s systems.

According to the hacker, the alleged data breach took place on October 10, 2024, while the Breach Forum post was published earlier today on October 14, 2024.

Intel Broker’s post (Screenshot: Hackread.com)

****What Was Allegedly Stolen?****

As seen by the Hackread.com research team, Intel Broker has listed a massive amount of data that was allegedly stolen in the breach, including:

*   **Source Code**: Projects from GitHub, GitLab, and SonarQube, critical to Cisco’s development efforts.
*   **Hard-Coded Credentials**: Sensitive information like login details embedded in source code.
*   **Certificates and Keys**: SSL certificates, and public and private keys crucial for secure communications.
*   **Confidential Documents**: Internal documents and information classified as “Cisco Confidential.”
*   **API Tokens and Storage Buckets**: AWS private buckets, Azure storage buckets, and API tokens that could be used to access critical systems.
*   **Other Sensitive Information**: Jira tickets, Docker builds, and Cisco premium products are also listed.

****Impact on Major Corporations****

Intel Broker also shared a list of companies whose production source codes were allegedly taken during the breach. The list includes several high-profile firms, particularly in the telecommunications and financial sectors, such as:

*   **Telecom Companies**: Verizon, AT&T (USA and Mexico), British Telecom, T-Mobile (USA and Poland), Vodafone (Albania and Australia), and Turkcell.
*   **Financial Institutions**: Bank of America, Barclays, and National Australian Bank.
*   **Tech and Health**: Microsoft, Liberty Global, and Dignity Health.

Sample documents shared by the hacker (Screenshot: Hackread.com)

****Data for Sale****

Intel Broker is offering the stolen data for sale in exchange for Monero (XMR), a cryptocurrency known for its privacy features. The hacker indicated that they are open to using a middleman to facilitate the transaction, ensuring **anonymity** for both the buyer and seller. This method is a common practice among cybercriminals to avoid detection and tracking by authorities.

****Unverified but Serious Claims****

At the time of writing, Hackread.com, which first spotted the hacker’s claims, has reached out to Cisco for comment, but no official response has been given. The breach, if confirmed, could have major consequences for Cisco and the affected companies, raising concerns about the extent of the damage and the potential exploitation of the compromised data.

****Intel Broker and Previous Breaches****

Intel Broker is known for high-profile data breaches. **In June 2024**, the hacker claimed to have breached Apple Inc., stealing source code for internal tools. The same hacker boasted about **breaching AMD** (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.), and stealing employee and product information.

**In May 2024**, Intel Broker hacked Europol, a breach that the agency later confirmed. Some of the hacker’s previous data breaches are listed below:

*   **Tech in Asia**
*   **Space-Eyes**
*   **Home Depot**
*   **Facebook Marketplace**
*   **U.S. contractor Acuity Inc.**
*   **Staffing giant Robert Half**
*   **Los Angeles International Airport**
*   **Alleged breaches of HSBC and Barclays Bank**

Although the hacker’s origins and affiliates are unknown, according to the United States government, IntelBroker is alleged to be the perpetrator behind one of the **T-Mobile data breaches**.

Nevertheless, these claims regarding the Cisco data breach go on to show the cybersecurity risks faced even by large organizations. As more details emerge, the scale of this breach and its potential fallout will be closely watched.

1.  **Akira Ransomware Targets Businesses via Exploited CISCO VPNs**
2.  **Cisco Network Breach as Employee’s Google Account** **was** **Hacked**
3.  **Hackers Claim 10TB Breach at Russian Cybersecurity Firm Dr.Web**
4.  **Hackers leave US flag after targeting Cisco switches in Russia & Iran**
5.  **Ex-worker hacked Cisco AWS Infrastructure; erased virtual machines**

Intel Broker Claims Cisco Breach, Selling Stolen Data from Major Firms

Organizations are grappling with the risks of having outdated hardware handling core workloads, mission-critical applications no one knows how to update or maintain, and systems that IT and security teams don't know about.

Dave Lewis, Global Advisory CISO, 1Password

October 14, 2024

3 Min Read

Source: Aleksey Popov via Alamy Stock Photo

COMMENTARY

When I began my security career, everything was an adventure — new technologies, new opportunities, and new lessons to learn. Some of those lessons have stayed with me over the years. Simple on the surface, these lessons have had a significant impact and proved valuable over time. Yet, when I look at the wider industry, I often find myself vexed at the current state of affairs. 

**The Beige Desktop Is Everywhere**

The best example of this flustered feeling is the pervasive nature of the "beige desktop." We have all seen them in our industry travels — machines that predate many of the technologies we rely on today. Hardware that soldiers on from the dark recesses of a data center's raised floor. 

You can see where this is heading. That system is invariably running code written by a summer student long ago and has now become mission-critical. Code that was not properly commented or documented. An application that has somehow become indispensable to the business. 

How does this keep happening? I've often pondered this question. Whenever I bring it up at conferences, heads always nod in understanding. Those systems that lurk in the shadows of a data center. 

**Hard to Get Rid of Shadows**

We often hear the term "shadow IT." It usually finds its way into conversations with a sense of derision. A few months ago, I was giving a talk at a conference when I asked the audience if they had encountered the beige desktop in their environments. The audience laughed, grimaced, and hung their heads — confirming my thoughts. I paused and asked how many companies present had controls in place in their environments for shadow IT. Every hand went up. 

I let the question hang in the air for a moment. Then I asked the audience a follow-up query: "How many of you here have shadow IT in your environments?" There was some hesitation. Eyes darted around nervously. Slowly but surely, every hand went up again. 

We had an interesting conversational moment. These companies all had controls in place to guard against shadow IT, yet … it still existed. We had discovered Schrödinger's IT security problem. It simultaneously exists and doesn't. 

**Who Owns the Risk?This begs the question: Who truly owns the risk of shadow IT? While the knee-jerk reaction might be to assign this to the chief information security officer, I wonder if that is fair. The CISO puts security controls in place. The CISO ensures that there are policies and procedures around handling the risks presented by shadow IT. But it continues. Is it fair to say the CISO is responsible at that point? Just thinking out loud. Could this risk be more appropriately assigned to the chief financial officer, as it presents a potential material enterprise risk so thereby is this executive's responsibility? I would love to see this develop into a broader conversation because, honestly, I'm unsure of the answer and would love the input from the CISO community. ****How We Wound Up Here**

Shadow IT rarely, if ever, originates from a place of malice. These projects are quite often built to satisfy the need for innovation. Other examples of why this happens could include the perceived inadequacy of the deployed systems that support development in the enterprise. Or it simply occurs out of a need for speed and convenience. 

It's often easier to ask for forgiveness than permission. While the beige desktop may be a tongue-in-cheek story, it serves as an example of what happens in environments across the globe. 

**Top Dead Center**

How do we move toward an enterprise or SMB environment that supports innovation while remaining safe and secure? There is a need to provide visibility and security to deal with tools and projects that may not have been vetted or approved by the IT and security teams. 

It's time to move away from the beige desktops and toward a technological engine that empowers businesses to drive innovation safely and securely. 

**About the Author**

Global Advisory CISO, 1Password, 1Password

Dave is the Global Advisory CISO at 1Password. He brings over 30 years of industry experience, extensively in IT security operations and management, at companies such as Akamai, IBM, Duo Security, Cisco, and AMD. He is also the founder of the security site Liquidmatrix Security Digest as well as host of the Liquidmatrix, Plaintext, and Chasing Entropy podcasts. Dave currently serves on the board of directors for BSides Las Vegas and the advisory board for the Black Hat Sector Security Conference. He co-founded the BSides Toronto conference and was a goon on the speaker operations team for DEF CON for over 13 years. He previously held a board position at (ISC)². For fun, Dave loves playing bass guitar, grilling, and spending quality time with his kids. He’s also a part owner of a whisky distillery and a soccer team.

The Lingering 'Beige Desktop' Paradox

Attackers can introduce a malicious document in systems such as Microsoft 365 Copilot to confuse the system, potentially leading to widespread misinformation and compromised decision-making processes.

Source: Mopic via Shutterstock

Attackers can add a malicious document to the data pools used by artificial intelligence (AI) systems to create responses, which can confuse the system and potentially lead to misinformation and compromised decision-making processes within organizations.

Researchers from the Spark Research Lab at the University of Texas (UT) at Austin discovered the attack vector, which they've dubbed ConfusedPilot because it affects all retrieval augmented generation (RAG)-based AI systems, including Microsoft 365 Copilot. This includes other RAG-based systems that use Llama, Vicuna, and OpenAI, according to the researchers.

"This attack allows manipulation of AI responses simply by adding malicious content to any documents the AI system might reference," Claude Mandy, chief evangelist at Symmetry, wrote in a paper about the attack, which was presented at the DEF CON AI Village 2024 conference in August but was not widely reported. The research was conducted under the supervision of Symmetry CEO and UT professor Mohit Tiwari.

Given that 65% of Fortune 500 companies currently implement or are planning to implement RAG-based AI systems, the potential impact of these attacks cannot be overstated," Mandy wrote. Moreover, the attack is especially dangerous that it requires only basic access to manipulate responses by all RAG-based AI implementations, can persist even after malicious content is removed, and bypasses current AI security measures, he said.

**Malicious Manipulation of RAG**

RAG is a technique for improving response quality and eliminating a large language model (LLM) system’s expensive retraining or fine-tuning phase. It adds a step to the system in which the model retrieves external data to augment its knowledge base, thus enhancing accuracy and reliability in generating responses without the need for retraining or fine-tuning, the researchers said.

The researchers chose to focus on Microsoft 365 Copilot for the sake of their presentation and their paper, even though it is not the only RAG-based system affected. Rather, "the main culprit of this problem is misuse of RAG-based systems … via improper setup of access control and data security mechanisms," according to the ConfusedPilot website hosted by the researchers.

In normal circumstances, a RAG-based AI system will use a retrieval mechanism to extract relevant keywords to search and match with resources stored in a vector database, using that embedded context to create a new prompt containing the relevant information to reference.

**How the Attack Works**

In a ConfusedPilot attack, a threat actor could introduce an innocuous document that contains specifically crafted strings into the target’s environment. "This could be achieved by any identity with access to save documents or data to an environment indexed by the AI copilot," Mandy wrote.

The attack flow that follows from the user's perspective is this: When a user makes a relevant query, the RAG system retrieves the document containing these strings. The malicious document contains strings that could act as instructions to the AI system that introduce a variety of malicious scenarios.

These include: content suppression, in which the malicious instructions cause the AI to disregard other relevant, legitimate content; misinformation generation, in which the AI generates a response using only the corrupted information; and false attribution, in which the response may be falsely attributed to legitimate sources, increasing its perceived credibility.

Moreover, even if the malicious document is later removed, the corrupted information may persist in the system’s responses for a period of time because the AI system retains the instructions, the researchers noted.

**Victimology and Mitigations**

The ConfusedPilot attack basically has two victims: The first is the LLM within the RAG-based system, while the second is the person receiving the response from the LLM, who very likely could be an individual working at a large enterprise or service provider. Indeed, these two types of companies are especially vulnerable to the attack, as they allow multiple users or departments to contribute to the data pool used by these AI systems, Mandy noted.

"Any environment that allows the input of data from multiple sources or users — either internally or from external partners — is at higher risk, given that this attack only requires data to be indexed by the AI Copilots," he wrote.

Enterprise systems likely to be negatively affected by the attack include enterprise knowledge-management systems, AI-assisted decision support systems, and customer-facing AI services.

Microsoft did not immediately respond to request for comment by Dark Reading on the attack's affect on Copilot. However, the researchers noted in their paper that the company has been responsive in coming up with "practical mitigation strategies" and addressing the potential for attack in its development of its AI technology. Indeed, the latter is key to long-term defense against such an attack, which depends on "better architectural models" that "try to separate the data plan from the control plan in these models," Mandy noted.

Meanwhile, current strategies for mitigation include: data access controls that limit and scrutinize who can upload, modify, or delete data that RAG-based systems reference; data integrity audits that regularly verify the integrity of an organization's data repositories to detect unauthorized changes or the introduction of malicious content early; and data segmentation that keeps sensitive data isolated from broader datasets wherever possible to prevent the spread of corrupted info across the AI system.

**About the Author**

Elizabeth Montalbano is a freelance writer, journalist, and therapeutic writing mentor with more than 25 years of professional experience. Her areas of expertise include technology, business, and culture. Elizabeth previously lived and worked as a full-time journalist in Phoenix, San Francisco, and New York City; she currently resides in a village on the southwest coast of Portugal. In her free time, she enjoys surfing, hiking with her dogs, traveling, playing music, yoga, and cooking.

ConfusedPilot Attack Can Manipulate RAG-Based AI Systems

PRESS RELEASE

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 10, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Relyance AI, the leading AI-powered data governance platform that provides complete visibility and control over enterprise-wide data, today announced a $32.1 million Series B funding round to scale operations and meet the needs of the exploding use of artificial intelligence in the enterprise. Thomvest Ventures led the round. M12, Microsoft Ventures Fund, also participated in addition to Cheyenne Ventures and existing investors Menlo Ventures and Unusual Ventures.

As demand for AI surges in the enterprise, global regulators are mandating data protection safeguards that companies find impossible to implement. At the same time, legal, security, and engineering teams are grappling with endless questions about how customer data is being used to train AI models. The impact? Executives are stifled by their inability to realize AI's innovation potential, and according to KPMG, more than two-thirds (76%) of enterprises are worried about data privacy and security when they partner with third parties. The result could be catastrophic: more than a quarter of the Fortune 500 identified AI regulation as a risk in annual reports to the SEC, and many continue to struggle with established data privacy regulations such as GDPR, which led to a record €2.1 billion in fines in 2023.

This has become a business-critical problem for all enterprises that was impossible to solve before Relyance AI's fully integrated governance platform. Until now, privacy and security have been seen as separate challenges, with one woefully unaware of the other. Privacy teams didn't know if their commitments to regulations and customers were being met, and security teams didn't know what data should be in AI models. Relyance AI marries the two into one joint solution, which is the only way to enable innovation while ensuring compliance in a rapidly evolving regulatory landscape.

"The era of accepting subpar privacy, DSPM, and AI governance solutions is over. Relyance AI sets a new standard where data protection and innovation are not mutually exclusive," said Abhi Sharma, CEO and co-founder of Relyance AI. "It's impossible to keep up with the current state of regulations, especially when GDPR, HIPAA, the EU's AI Act, and a mosaic of local U.S. privacy laws are all different and sometimes at odds. We're making it possible to demystify this and embolden the C-suite, engineers, and legal teams to urgently green-light AI in the enterprise with an integrated governance approach." 

Relyance AI safeguards businesses from fines and reputation damage while boosting customer trust to accelerate business growth. The platform provides complete visibility into enterprise-wide data processing and compares it against contractual commitments, global privacy regulations, and compliance frameworks. The company has scaled significantly to meet recent demand for these capabilities. In the first half alone, Relyance AI increased its enterprise customer base by 30%, and the company is projected to double its annual recurring revenue in 2024. Its client list now includes Coinbase, Fivetran, Verkada, Snowflake, Logitech, Plaid, and Notion.

"We're thrilled to lead the investment in Relyance AI, a unique, automated data governance platform that addresses the urgent need for real-time data visibility and compliance in a world of explosive data growth and emerging regulations," said Umesh Padval, Managing Director, Thomvest Ventures. "Relyance AI empowers Chief Privacy, Security, and Information Officers to manage data privacy and compliance, avoiding costly penalties while driving safe and responsible AI adoption. We are excited to partner with CEO Abhi Sharmaand his team, who have built a solution that transforms compliance into a competitive advantage, enabling businesses to scale AI with trust and transparency."

"The future of AI governance isn't about compliance alone – it's about building trust, transparency, and accountability into every layer of your technology," said Todd Graham, Managing Partner at M12. "Relyance AI is the catalyst for that transformation, paving the way for AI implementation that is both compliant and incredibly fast."

"With Relyance AI, we established enhanced visibility of data processing activities, seeing an impressive increase of 1,660% within three weeks of deployment," said Deborah Usry, Senior Privacy and Product Counsel at NextRoll. "What used to be a time-consuming manual process is now an automated task that produces a robust record of our processing activities."

The funding will further develop Relyance AI's platform and scale its go-to-market efforts in response to significant recent momentum. Learn more here.

About Relyance AI  
Relyance AI is the new standard for organizations trust and data governance infrastructure. Relyance AI is the only platform providing real-time visibility into how and where data is being used compared to customer agreements, global privacy regulations, and compliance frameworks. Companies of all industries and sizes – including Coinbase, Snowflake, Logitech, Plaid, Notion, and more – trust Relyance AI to safeguard businesses from fines and reputational damage and to deliver the most complete customer trust experiences.

Relyance AI Raises $32M Series B Funding to Safeguard AI Innovation in the Enterprise

Rather than setting a regular cadence for changing passwords, users only need to change their passwords if there is evidence of a breach.

Thursday, October 10, 2024 14:00

Say goodbye to the days of using the “@” symbol to mean “a” in your password or replacing an “S” with a “$.” 

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently announced new guidelines for the ways website and organizations should handle password creation and management that will do away with many of the “common sense” things we’ve thought about passwords for years now.  

Here is a tl;dr version of what these proposed guidelines say: 

*   Passwords need to be at least eight characters long, and sites should have an additional recommendation to make them at least 15 characters long. 
*   Credential service providers (CSPs) should allow users to make their passwords as long as 64 characters. 
*   CSPs should allow ASCII and Unicode characters to be included in passwords. 
*   Rather than setting a regular cadence for changing passwords, users only need to change their passwords if there is evidence of a breach. 
*   There should not be requirements to implement a certain number of numbers or special characters into passwords. (Ex., “Password12345!”) 
*   Do away with knowledge-based authentication or security questions when selecting passwords. (Think: “What was the name of your college roommate?”) 

Now, we should make a few things here clear. Just because NIST is proposing these doesn’t mean anyone \*has\* to abide by them, these are merely guidelines that some of the larger tech companies in the U.S. can choose to adopt. And these are proposed rules for the time being, meaning the public and tech companies have time to weigh in on the matter before they are codified in any way. 

While these proposals may seem counterintuitive, it should make traditional text-based login credentials more manageable for users and admins. Studies have shown that requiring a mixture of special characters and numbers has led users to create easier-to-guess passwords like “$ummer2024!” or “P@ssword”.  

And policies that require users to change their passwords often have led them to create passwords that are neigh-impossible to remember, so users end up storing these passwords in easy-to-locate places near their computers, like on a physical piece of paper or saved to a .txt file on their desktop.  

The hope from NIST is that enforcing longer passwords will make it harder for adversaries to guess and less intimidating for users to manage their passwords. 

Of course, using a third-party password manager is usually the most secure option for anyone. But what NIST is proposing is still a step in the right direction, and if nothing else will make those of us who are more security-minded have a better time when creating a new account.  

**The one big thing **

The largest Microsoft Patch Tuesday since July includes two vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild and three other critical issues across the company’s range of hardware and software offerings. October’s monthly security update from Microsoft includes fixes for 117 CVEs, the most in a month since July’s updates covered 142 vulnerabilities. The two vulnerabilities that Microsoft reports have been actively exploited in the wild and are publicly known are both rated as only being of “moderate” severity.   

**Why do I care? **

CVE-2024-43572 is a remote code execution vulnerability in the Microsoft Management Console that could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted machine. Microsoft’s security update will prevent untrusted Microsoft Saved Console (MSC) files from being opened to protect users against adversaries trying to exploit this vulnerability. The other vulnerability that was exploited in the wild in this week’s security update is CVE-2024-43573, a platform spoofing vulnerability in Windows MSHTML. Platform spoofing vulnerabilities usually allow an adversary to gain unauthorized access to an environment by disguising themselves as a trusted source.   

**So now what? **

Talos is releasing a new Snort rule set that detects attempts to exploit some of them. Please note that additional rules may be released at a future date and current rules are subject to change pending additional information. Cisco Security Firewall customers should use the latest update to their ruleset by updating their SRU. Open-source Snort Subscriber Rule Set customers can stay up to date by downloading the latest rule pack available for purchase on Snort.org. The rules included in this release that protect against the exploitation of many of these vulnerabilities are 64083 - 64086, 64089, 64090, 64111 and 64112. There are also Snort 3 rules 301034 - 301036 and 301041. 

**Top security headlines of the week  **

**Chinese state-sponsored actors are suspected to have breached several U.S. telecommunications providers to spy on U.S. government phone calls.** AT&T, Verizon and Lumen may have all been victims of the alleged counter-spying operation from the newly named APT Salt Typhoon. The actor potentially accessed information from systems that the U.S. government uses for court-authorized network wiretapping requests, all in the name of trying to steal government secrets. Though it’s still unclear how long Salt Typhoon had access to these networks, it’s clear they at least spent a few months on these networks, commonly used to cooperate with lawful U.S. requests for communication data. The attackers may have also accessed large amounts of other generic internet traffic through this operation. A separate Chinese APT known as Volt Typhoon became a major topic of conversation earlier this year for allegedly trying to infiltrate networks at U.S. military bases and other critical infrastructure sites. (Wall Street Journal, Washington Post) 

**Microsoft and the U.S. Department of Justice announced they had deactivated more than 60 domains and other attacker infrastructure associated with the Russian state-sponsored ColdRiver group.** ColdRiver is believed to be connected to Russia’s Federal Security Bureau (FSB) and recently has targeted non-governmental organizations, think tanks, military officials and intelligence officials in Ukraine and NATO countries. "The Russian government ran this scheme to steal Americans' sensitive information, using seemingly legitimate email accounts to trick victims into revealing account credentials," U.S. Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco stated during the announcement of the disruption. ColdRiver (aka Callisto Group, Seaborgium and Star Blizzard) has been active since at least 2017. The U.S. State Department is now also offering up to a $10 million reward for any information that could help locate or identify any individual members of ColdRiver. (Security Magazine, Bleeping Computer) 

**With genetic testing company 23AndMe floundering, customers are left wondering what could happen to their personal information if the company goes bankrupt or goes out of business altogether.** 23AndMe, known for collecting DNA samples from customers and then providing them with a report about their ancestry, has lost millions of dollars in its valuation and stock price over the past few years.  However more than 15 million individuals have submitted their DNA to the company since it was founded in 2006, and privacy advocates are warning them to manually delete their data now before anything happens to the company. The company also has several data-sharing agreements with other private companies, which use 23AndMe data to conduct other studies and research. And because 23AndMe’s services do not fall under health care in the U.S., the company does not have to adhere to traditional HIPAA rules. Last year, the company was hit with a massive data breach that it said affected 6.9 million customer accounts, including 14,000 people who had their passwords stolen. U.S. law enforcement has also tried to access the company’s data in the past (requests that have been declined), and it is unclear if those requests would be allowed should the company no longer exist. (NPR, Business Insider) 

**Can’t get enough Talos? **

*   Cisco Talos: Advanced intelligence for global cyberthreats 
*   New MedusaLocker Ransomware Variant Deployed by Threat Actor 
*   MedusaLocker ransomware variant paired with ‘paid\_memes’ toolkit 
*   Vulnerability in popular PDF reader could lead to arbitrary code execution; Multiple issues in GNOME project 

**Upcoming events where you can find Talos**

**MITRE ATT&CKcon 5.0** **(Oct. 22 - 23)** 

_McLean, Virginia and Virtual_

Nicole Hoffman and James Nutland will provide a brief history of Akira ransomware and an overview of the Linux ransomware landscape. Then, morph into action as they take a technical deep dive into the latest Linux variant using the ATT&CK framework to uncover its techniques, tactics and procedures.

**it-sa Expo & Congress** **(Oct. 22 - 24)** 

_Nuremberg, Germany_

**White Hat Desert Con** **(Nov. 14)** 

_Doha, Qatar_

**misecCON** **(Nov. 22)** 

_Lansing, Michigan_

Terryn Valikodath from Cisco Talos Incident Response will explore the core of DFIR, where digital forensics becomes detective work and incident response turns into firefighting.

**Most prevalent malware files from Talos telemetry over the past week **

**SHA 256:** 47ecaab5cd6b26fe18d9759a9392bce81ba379817c53a3a468fe9060a076f8ca   
**MD5:** 71fea034b422e4a17ebb06022532fdde   
**Typical Filename:** VID001.exe   
**Claimed Product:** N/A   
**Detection Name:** RF.Talos.80 

**SHA 256:** 76491df69a26019139ac11117cd21bf5d0257a5ebd3d67837f558c8c9c3483d8   
**MD5:** b209df2951e29ab5eab4009579b10b8d  
**Typical Filename:** FileZilla\_3.67.1\_win64\_sponsored2-setup.exe   
**Claimed Product:** FileZilla   
**Detection Name:** W32.76491DF69A-95.SBX.TG

**SHA 256:** c20fbc33680d745ec5ff7022c282a6fe969c6e6c7d77b7cfac34e6c19367cf9a   
**MD5:** 3bc6d86fc4b3262137d8d33713ed6082   
**Typical Filename:** 8c556f0a.dll   
**Claimed Product:** N/A   
**Detection Name:** Gen:Variant.Lazy.605353 

**SHA 256:** f0d7a2bb0c5db162332418747ba4987027b8a746b24c919a24235ff3b70d25e3   
**MD5:** 0d849044612667362bc88780baa1c1b7   
**Typical Filename:** CryptX.dll   
**Claimed Product:** N/A    
**Detection Name:** Gen:Variant.Lazy.605353 

**SHA 256:** 331fdf5f1f5679a6f6bb0baee8518058aba8081ef8f96e57fa3b74291fcbb814   
**MD5:** f23b90fc9bc301baf3e399e189b6d2dc   
**Typical Filename:** B.dll   
**Claimed Product:** N/A     
**Detection Name:** Gen:Variant.Lazy.605353

What NIST’s latest password standards mean, and why the old ones weren’t working

Boston and London, U.S. and U.K., 10th October 2024, CyberNewsWire

**Boston and London, U.S. and U.K., October 10th, 2024, CyberNewsWire**

The agreement has marked over 600,000 fraudulent domains for takedown in just two months through automated defense and proactive prevention. Abusix and Red Sift to hold exclusive webinar sharing insights on transforming cyber attack mitigation.

Abusix, an organization specializing in internet abuse prevention, and Red Sift, a leader in misconfiguration and exposure management, have announced a new partnership aiming to transform how organizations can navigate from a reactive to a proactive approach for managing security risk.

Cyber threats such as email phishing, business email compromise (BEC), and brand impersonation remain persistent challenges for organizations globally. Addressing these issues requires both visibility and automation to enable faster detection and mitigation of such attacks.

Addressing these challenges head on, Abusix and Red Sift’s partnership aims to offer security teams visibility and action to neutralize risks preemptively. Since the agreement was enabled in August 2024, over 630,000+ domains have been marked for takedown. This outcome is attributed to Abusix’s real-time reporting capabilities for the swift identification of potential threats, and Red Sift’s ability to transform data into actionable defenses and real-time value for its customers. This is enabled through Red Sift leveraging Abusix’s data in both Red Sift OnDMARC and Red Sift Brand Trust. 

> **Rahul Powar, CEO and Co-Founder of Red Sift said:** “We find ourselves in an ever changing landscape where new attacks and methods for cyber abuse are ever prevalent. Working together with Abusix, we are harnessing new innovation and knowledge sharing to offer increased visibility to a wider remit of large enterprises and small businesses that are vulnerable to cyber threat. This in turn allows us to provide real-time solutions to mitigate against costly reputational damage and shift the industry’s approach from reactive to proactive.” 

> **Tobias Knecht, CEO and Founder of Abusix said:** “It’s not just about sharing data—it’s about sharing it with the right organizations. 95% of all attacks on enterprises originate from service provider and hosting provider networks. Enabling rapid takedowns by sharing actionable intelligence with service providers and hosting providers is a crucial step in reducing overall attack volume at its core. Through our partnership with Red Sift and their unique data solutions, we are taking a significant step forward in safeguarding the internet and improving network security overall.”

The newly formed collaboration is a move to raise the effectiveness and application use of email threat data for cybersecurity across the board and to upgrade the industry’s approach to attack mitigation. Together, the two companies are addressing ongoing critical gaps in the cybersecurity landscape by addressing crucial business needs for increased domain security and prevention of brand abuse. 

Those interested can join an exclusive webinar to learn how Abusix and Red Sift are transforming cyber attack mitigation — readers can reserve a spot today and hear about proactive strategies to protect organizations from email phishing, brand impersonation, and other emerging threats.

Readers can also learn more about the partnership’s Success Story here.

****About Abusix****

Abusix transforms vast amounts of real-time data into actionable insights, helping organizations protect against cyber threats. Its unique data ecosystem enables security teams across all sectors to proactively mitigate attacks by pinpointing the origins of cyber abuse. By enabling collaboration between enterprises, security vendors, and service providers, Abusix works to reduce the overall volume of attacks, driving a more secure internet. 

Abusix serves a global client base, including Cloudflare, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Vodafone, Digital Ocean, and multiple government organizations worldwide. Dedicated to enhancing the global security ecosystem, Abusix continues to make threat intelligence accessible and impactful across industries. Readers can learn more at abusix.com

****About Red Sift****

Red Sift aims to enable organizations to anticipate, respond to, and recover from cyber attacks while continuing to operate effectively. The award-winning Red Sift Pulse Platform is an integrated solution that combines four interoperable applications, internet-scale cybersecurity intelligence, and innovative generative AI that intends to put organizations on a path to cyber resilience. 

Red Sift is a global organization supported by a diverse team across 15 countries. It boasts an international client roster that includes Capgemini, Domino’s, ZoomInfo, Athletic Greens, and several leading law firms. Red Sift is the official DMARC provider for Cisco and a trusted partner for Microsoft and Entrust, among others. Readers can learn more at redsift.com

**Contact**

**Head of Marketing**  
**Serena Li**  
**Abusix**  
**\[email protected\]**

Abusix and Red Sift Form New Partnership, Leveraging Automation to Mitigate Cyber Attacks

Cisco Talos is releasing a GDT file on GitHub that contains various definitions for functions and data types.

Thursday, October 10, 2024 06:00

While reverse-engineering Windows drivers with Ghidra, it is common to encounter a function or data type that is not recognized during disassembly.  

This is because Ghidra does not natively include the majority of the definitions for data types and functions used by Windows drivers.  

Thankfully, these problems can usually be solved by importing Ghidra data type archive files (.gdt) that contain the relevant definitions.  

However, it is not uncommon that the definitions in question aren’t available in a preexisting .gdt file, meaning a new definition must be created manually. Additionally, in some cases, the function or data type may be undocumented by Microsoft, making the process of creating a new definition a more tedious process.  

To aid analysts in reverse engineering Windows drivers, Cisco Talos is releasing a GDT file on GitHub that contains various definitions for functions and data types that have been created as needed during our analysis of malicious drivers, as they were not present in the commonly used data type archives.  

It is important to note that this archive is not intended to contain all undocumented Windows functions or serve as a replacement for other available data type archives, but as a supplement to them. This is a long-term project that will continue to grow when new definitions are created by our analysts and added to the public release.  

The archive can be found here on our GitHub repository.

Tag

#cisco