Russian threat actor FIN7 has shifted gears multiple times in recent years, focusing now on helping ransomware groups be even more covertly effective.

Source: AVC Photography via Alamy Stock Photo

A widespread cybercrime tool designed to tamper with security solutions has been upgraded, with a new method for killing the protected Windows processes that endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools rely on.

"AuKill," developed by the notorious FIN7 cybercrime collective (aka Carbanak, Carbon Spider, Cobalt Group, Navigator Group), is a program specifically designed to undermine endpoint security. It employs more than 10 different user and kernel mode techniques to that end, like sandboxing protected processes and leveraging fundamental Windows APIs like Restart Manager and Service Control Manager.

A new report from SentinelOne describes how AuKill is becoming increasingly popular among cybercrime actors, particularly high-level ransomware groups. And to keep it one step ahead of defenders, FIN7 has iterated on it with a new technique for throwing certain protected processes into a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.

**Born to AuKill**

FIN7, a largely Russian-Ukrainian operation, was carrying out financially motivated cyber campaigns across industries as far back as 2012. At the time, its specialty was point-of-sale (PoS) malware, then a trend.

As cybercrime moved from credit card theft to ransomware, FIN7 moved with it. It launched its own ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) projects: first Darkside and then, after its run-ins with Uncle Sam, BlackMatter. It also began to affiliate with other major ransomware groups, like the leading Conti and REvil.

In April 2022, FIN7 began development on the anti-security tool now known as AuKill. Using various pseudonyms, it began to market the program on cybercrime forums for prices ranging from $4,000 to $15,000.

The first actor known to use it in the wild was Black Basta, in June 2022. Around the turn of 2023, threat actors across the ransomware spectrum began to follow suit. SentinelOne has observed it in attacks alongside payloads like AvosLocker, BlackCat, and LockBit, for example. 

**The New Technique**

Whenever a new malware tool begins to attract attention, it risks losing its initial effectiveness as defenders start to adjust. To keep it going, then, authors need to modify and build out new features.

AuKill's new feature targets the protected processes run by EDR solutions. Its weapons: the default time-travel debugging (TTD) monitor Windows driver — used for monitoring TTD processes — in tandem with an updated version of the Process Explorer driver.

In short, the malware uses the former driver to watch for protected Windows processes it wants to attack and, if they pop up, suspends them. When the protected process then tries to spin up non-protected helper (child) processes, the latter driver blocks those. With the drivers blocking parent and child, a crash ensues.

"Organizations should ensure that anti-tampering protection mechanisms are enabled in their security solutions deployed on enterprise devices," says Antonio Cocomazzi, staff offensive security researcher at SentinelOne.

"For this particular technique," he adds, "organizations should ensure that their security software's anti-tampering protections are robust enough to defend against kernel-mode attacks, such as those exploiting the Process Explorer driver. Implementing additional security measures, like kernel-level monitoring and restricting driver access, can further enhance protection against these advanced threats."

**About the Author(s)**

Nate Nelson is a freelance writer based in New York City. Formerly a reporter at Threatpost, he contributes to a number of cybersecurity blogs and podcasts. He writes "Malicious Life" -- an award-winning Top 20 tech podcast on Apple and Spotify -- and hosts every other episode, featuring interviews with leading voices in security. He also co-hosts "The Industrial Security Podcast," the most popular show in its field.

Security End-Run: 'AuKill' Shuts Down Windows-Reliant EDR Processes

Israel's military computer systems have been under constant barrage in recent months.

Source: Bumble Dee via Alamy Stock Photo

The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) have nixed somewhere in the range of 3 billion cyberattack attempts since last fall, an army chief said this week.

The claim, circulated across Israeli news outlets, was made by Colonel Racheli Dembinsky, commander of the IDF's Center of Computing and Information Systems, also known as Mamram. Mamram, essentially, is the IT organization for Israel's military, providing, maintaining, and defending its intranet, cloud systems, data processing, public-facing websites, and more.

As Dembinsky recalled at the IT for IDF conference in the city of Rishon LeTsiyon, an uptick in threats to Israel's military systems dates back to the terror attack on Oct. 7. "I received a phone call that morning and thought there was a malfunction in the alert system," she said. "I quickly understood there wasn’t a malfunction, but a broader attack. Also, we immediately understood this wasn’t fake. I put on my uniform and drove to the base. We began transitioning to emergency mode."

The strain on the IDF's systems continued in the weeks thereafter, as hundreds of thousands of reservists were quickly recruited into the war effort, and Mamram began allocating computing resources at 120% capacity.

According to Dembinsky, cyberattacks against the IDF in recent months have involved operational systems central to the military's functioning, such as those that ground forces rely on to coordinate information sharing in real-time. She did not provide details on the nature of the attacks, but noted that the many billions of them had been blocked.

**Cyber Threats to Israel**

Israel has seen a dramatic increase in cyberattacks overall since the start of the war, notes Gil Messing, chief of staff for Check Point Software. "Attacks in general have more than doubled, to the point that an average Israeli organization is attacked more than 2,200 times every week," he explains.

"This has been driven mostly by politically motivated hacking groups — such as nation-states attacking Israel, like Iran, or Hezbollah — and hacktivist groups that are joining forces in attacking Israel in the context of the war. We are monitoring over 80 such groups which do everything from defacement and DDoS to ransomware and wipers."

Specifically, Check Point tracks at least five of those groups as state-level advanced persistent threats (APTs) from Iran, and another five or six as working for the Iranian proxy Hezbollah. Some of the 80-plus work for Hamas, and still others are sympathetic groups from outside of Palestine and Lebanon.

"Cyberattacks are a clear and evident part of the war and, at the same time, the 'regular' hackers who are financially motivated are also attacking Israel (like any other country). So, all in all, the increase of attacks which we see in Israel is almost double what we see on the global average,” Messing says.

In response to the overwhelming threat, he adds, capable organizations have upped their game and their collective information sharing. Still, plenty of companies, government, and law enforcement organizations remain behind.

Case in point: At a separate panel at IT for IDF, Kobi Menashe, head of the guidance department and spectrum defense for the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD) defense division, revealed that 139 out of the 259 local authorities in Israel are facing a "very bad cyber situation." By contrast, just 89 are defined as "good." (He did note, though, that only 30 were considered good by Oct. 7.) That, despite a threefold increase in cyberattacks observed against local authorities in recent quarters.

"While the hackers are continuously working hard to attack Israeli organizations, many on the defenders' side don’t act so swiftly," Messing says. "This results in more successful attacks, which happen by the day."

**About the Author(s)**

Nate Nelson is a freelance writer based in New York City. Formerly a reporter at Threatpost, he contributes to a number of cybersecurity blogs and podcasts. He writes "Malicious Life" -- an award-winning Top 20 tech podcast on Apple and Spotify -- and hosts every other episode, featuring interviews with leading voices in security. He also co-hosts "The Industrial Security Podcast," the most popular show in its field.

IDF Has Rebuffed 3B Cyberattacks Since Oct. 7, Colonel Claims

PRSS RELEASE

WASHINGTON, July 16, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Linux Foundation Research and the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) are pleased to release a new report titled "Secure Software Development Education 2024 Survey: Understanding Current Needs.” Based on a survey of nearly 400 software development professionals, the analysis explores the current state of secure software development and underscores the urgent need for formalized industry education and training programs.  

Attackers consistently discover and exploit software vulnerabilities, highlighting the increasing importance of robust software security. Despite this, many developers lack the essential knowledge and skills to effectively implement secure software development. Survey findings outlined in the report show nearly one-third of all professionals directly involved in development and deployment — system operations, software developers, committers, and maintainers — self-report feeling unfamiliar with secure software development practices. This is of particular concern as they are the ones at the forefront of creating and maintaining the code that runs a company’s applications and systems.

“Time and again we’ve seen the exploitation of software vulnerabilities lead to catastrophic consequences, highlighting the critical need for developers at all levels to be armed with adequate knowledge and skills to write secure code,” said David A. Wheeler, director of open source supply chain security for the Linux Foundation. “Our research found that a key challenge is the lack of education in secure software development. Practitioners are unsure where to start and instead are learning as they go. It is clear that an industry-wide effort to bring secure development education to the forefront must be a priority.” OpenSSF offers a free course on developing secure software (LFD121) and encourages developers to start with this course.

Survey results indicate that the lack of security awareness is likely due to most current educational programs prioritizing functionality and efficiency while often neglecting essential security training. Additionally, most professionals (69%) rely on on-the-job experience as a main learning resource, yet it takes at least five years of such experience to achieve a minimum level of security familiarity.

Other key findings of the survey include the following:

*   Lack of time (58%) and lack of awareness and training (50%) are the top two most common challenges in implementing secure software development practices within organizations.
    
*   The top reason (44%) for not taking a course on secure software development is lack of knowledge about a good course on the topic.
    
*   Self-directed learning methods were most prevalent, with 74% of respondents reporting using such resources as online tutorials, videos, and books as their main learning method.
    
*   Emerging security concerns such as AI (57%) and supply chain (56%) are seen as critical future areas for innovation and attention.
    

“The first step in addressing secure software development is recognizing the existing knowledge gap and identifying priority areas for creating additional training,” said Christopher “CRob” Robinson, Intel, co-chair of the OpenSSF Education Special Interest Group (SIG) and chair of the OpenSSF Technical Advisory Council (TAC). “Based on these findings, OpenSSF will create a new course on security architecture which will be available later this year which will help promote a ’security by design’ approach to software developer education.”

View the full report to learn more about OpenSSF’s training materials and guides on secure software development. Industry professionals are encouraged to sign up for the OpenSSF’s free course Developing Secure Software (LFD121).

About the OpenSSF

The Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) is a cross-industry initiative by the Linux Foundation that brings together the industry’s most important open source security initiatives and the individuals and companies that support them. The OpenSSF is committed to collaborating and working upstream and with existing communities to advance open source security. For more information, please visit us at openssf.org.

About the Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the world’s leading home for collaboration on open source software, hardware, standards, and data. Linux Foundation projects are critical to the world’s infrastructure, including Linux, Kubernetes, Node.js, ONAP, OpenChain, OpenSSF, PyTorch, RISC-V, SPDX, and more. The Linux Foundation focuses on leveraging best practices and addressing the needs of contributors, users, and solution providers to create sustainable models for open collaboration. For more information, please visit us at linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation and OpenSSF Release Report on the State of Education in Secure Software Development

SOC analysts should also cultivate skills like incident handling and response, threat hunting, digital forensics, Python, and bash scripting.

Source: Artem Samokhvalov via Shutterstock

Though artificial intelligence is poised to drastically transform enterprise security operations centers (SOCs), for the moment at least, the top three technologies for new hires to be familiar with remain SIEM, host-based extended detection and response, and vulnerability remediation.

But a trio of other hard skills scored highly in a survey of some 400 cybersecurity practitioners that the SANS Institute conducted on behalf of Torq. These include a knowledge of cloud security issues, PowerShell expertise, and the ability to automate repetitive tasks and systems management functions.

**Core Hard Skills**

Besides the top three skills, "the core hard skills that are currently essential for SOC analysts include: incident handling and response, threat hunting, cloud security, digital forensics, Python, PowerShell, and bash scripting," says Dallas Young, senior technical product manager at Torq.

"As for soft skills, those include critical thinking and creative, informed problem solving, attention to detail in rapidly changing environments, and communication skills at both a technical and interpersonal level," he says.

The SANS survey polled respondents from small, medium, and large companies in the US and other countries about their top SOC challenges. The responses showed that many organizations continue to struggle with issues that have plagued them for years. These include a lack of automation and orchestration of key SOC functions, high-staffing requirements, a shortage of skilled staff, and a lack of visibility. They also reported a pervasive silo mentality among security, incident response, and operations teams.

**SOC Retention Rates Improve**

On the positive side though, the survey showed a surprising uptick in staff retention rates at many SOCs. Some 30% of respondents — a plurality — identified the average SOC tenure at their organization as being between three and five years, compared to the one-to-three year tenures that respondents indicated in previous SANS surveys.

Young chalks up the trend to the increasing automation of Tier-1 triage and analysis at more organizations. This has enabled SOC analysts to focus on more strategic and intellectually stimulating activities, such as threat hunting and advanced incident response. It's also helped alleviate the analyst burnout problem, he says.

Other factors that appear to have contributed to the increased retention rates include better work environments, with remote and flexible hours and management-track leadership training for high performers. "In addition, for security analysts who want to maintain a technical focus, organizations are paying for more training and certification opportunities in areas of interest such as penetration testing, reverse malware engineering, and cloud security subject matter areas as examples," Young says.

Jake Williams, faculty at IANS Research and vice president of R&D at Hunter Strategy, says current job market conditions have allowed many organizations to secure more experienced SOC analysts at the same budget than they could a few years ago. "This is a good thing for organizations short term, but they should be making plans now for when the job market rebounds," Williams says. "Many organizations are camouflaging a lack of process with the skills these more senior analysts bring to the table."

**Cloud Knowledge, ID Management, PowerShell Are Hot Skills**

Like Young, Williams says the biggest in-demand SOC skills — outside of the obvious core skills of SIEM and XDR — are knowledge of cloud platforms such as AWS and Azure, and understanding of Active Directory and Entra ID. "I've seen a lot more expectation of baseline cloud knowledge, especially for senior SOC analysts," Williams notes. Given the prolific use of M365 in enterprise, there's an expectation that many senior SOC analysts know PowerShell to query GraphAPI, he says, "PowerShell experience and cloud platform knowledge were niche skills a few years ago. For midtier to senior SOC analysts today, it seems like table stakes."

The SANS survey showed that many SOC practitioners aren't thrilled with their initial usage of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools for SOC analysis purposes. In fact, respondents gave AI and ML tools the lowest rating when asked to rate SOC tools. However, there's little doubt that AI and GenAI technologies are set to fundamentally change the SOC and, in the process, the skills landscape as well.

Young says AI will fundamentally continue moving forward to enhance automated threat detection, proactive threat hunting, automation of repetitive and time-consuming tasks, alert fatigue reduction, and predictive analytics. Increasingly, SOC analysts are going to need to be familiar with machine learning algorithms and data analysis techniques to interpret AI-generated insights, Young says. They will also need skills to handle complex security incidents identified by AI systems and be willing to continuously learn and adapt to new AI technologies and methodologies, he says.

**"Why Does That Matter?"**

Williams expects AI tools to reduce the need for analysts whose sole role has been to respond to basic alarms. "Junior analysts should be looking now at what tasks AI does — and doesn't — do well and educating themselves in the places they can't be replaced by AI, such as critical thinking," he says. "The SOC of the future will be less about knowing that port 3389 is RDP — AI will provide that context on demand — and more about providing the 'why does that matter in this context?'"

Creative thinking when it comes to interesting problems and correlations will remain a key asset for SOC professionals, says Sajeeb Lohani, senior director of cybersecurity at Bugcrowd. "Nowadays, SIEMs are capable of raising alerts, so it is quite easy to fall into a rut and churn tickets," he says. "However, in my opinion, the most successful professionals are able to correlate events and understand business context when triaging and responding to such alerts. That context is key."

Lohani expects that some threats that are considered relatively niche issues in the SOC will become more important over the next few years. "Currently, a large portion of SOCs haven't had to deal with more niche threats like supply chain security issues," he says. "I believe, over time, that will start to change, and more mature practices will \[be needed\] to prepare and adapt."

**About the Author(s)**

Jai Vijayan is a seasoned technology reporter with over 20 years of experience in IT trade journalism. He was most recently a Senior Editor at Computerworld, where he covered information security and data privacy issues for the publication. Over the course of his 20-year career at Computerworld, Jai also covered a variety of other technology topics, including big data, Hadoop, Internet of Things, e-voting, and data analytics. Prior to Computerworld, Jai covered technology issues for The Economic Times in Bangalore, India. Jai has a Master's degree in Statistics and lives in Naperville, Ill.

Cloud Security, PowerShell Expertise Emerge as Key SOC Analyst Skills

PRESS RELEASE

ATLANTA, July 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Secureworks® (NASDAQ: SCWX), a global leader in cybersecurity, today announced the launch of Taegis™ ManagedXDR Plus, a new Managed Detection and Response (MDR) offering that liberates the mid-market from indistinct, cookie cutter security solutions that don't meet their unique security requirements. Today's announcement means that this market sector will no longer be forced to use homogenous cybersecurity solutions that don't align to unique environments or the AI-fueled attacks that target them. Taegis ManagedXDR Plus empowers companies with the tailored use cases, compliance reports, and alerting they need to tackle the rising tide of cyberattacks and regulations with limited budget and people.

Nearly one in three (30%) mid-market companies experienced at least one ransomware attack in 20231 highlighting the need for organizations to strengthen their cyber resiliency with a proactive approach, tailored to their environment. Taegis ManagedXDR Plus addresses the evolving needs of this market sector with greater customization and flexibility on alerting, workflows, and reports to address their specific environment, industry regulations, and risk profile. These personalized configurations are supported by expanded threat hunting and access to proactive services to further increase their vigilance against threats. Organizations can see more, detect better, and respond faster by leveraging Secureworks security operations expertise and threat intelligence to fortify their cyber resiliency and exposure management.

"Until today, the mid-market has had to make do with security solutions that do little to bolster their cyber posture. Yet as the economic driving force for countries around the world, the butterfly effect of a cyberattack on organizations in this sector can often be felt far and wide, testing the digital resilience of the wider global economy. It is imperative for our collective defense that organizations of all sizes have access to cybersecurity that improves their security posture within the reality of their budget," said Kyle Falkenhagen, Chief Product Officer, Secureworks. "The cost of building a SOC in-house quickly escalates when you consider the breadth and depth of expertise required for these advanced challenges, let alone the costs of hiring, training and retaining a robust staff for 24/7 coverage. Taegis ManagedXDR Plus enables mid-market customers to take full advantage of the Taegis platform and our in-house experts to up-level their security to an enterprise level without breaking their budget."

Delivered using the Secureworks Taegis XDR platform, Taegis ManagedXDR Plus expands upon the capabilities of Secureworks Taegis ManagedXDR solution in several areas:

*   Tailored AI Enriched Use Cases: Taegis ManagedXDR Plus customers can leverage customization options tailored to their specific needs.
    
*   Expanded Threat Hunting: This new tier quadruples the number of AI assisted threat hunts available as part of Taegis ManagedXDR, and allows for customized requests to more rapidly uncover emerging and undiscovered threat actors targeting their environments.
    
*   Premium Support with Named Experts: Customers can also tap into the knowledge of Secureworks experts to further optimize Taegis in their environment, including 1x1 guidance to help efficiently build their security posture over time.
    
*   Proactive Security Services: Customers can select from a range of proactive security services to further raise their resiliency, identify gaps in posture, and deepen Taegis knowledge.
    

Secureworks now offers three tiers within its Taegis ManagedXDR portfolio - Taegis ManagedXDR, Taegis ManagedXDR Plus and Taegis ManagedXDR Enhanced - delivering on the company's commitment to meet customers wherever they are on their security journey. Regardless of the tier, Taegis ManagedXDR customers enjoy transparent pricing in an inclusive model which includes direct access to security experts within 90 seconds, one year of log retention to assist in threat hunting and compliance needs, hundreds of integrations to unify their existing ecosystem, and more to provide mid-market customers peace of mind and predictability in their cybersecurity budget.

"In an increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity landscape, enterprises find it challenging to handle security operations by themselves. These organizations have distinct needs. Secureworks acknowledges this and provides increased flexibility with Taegis ManagedXDR Plus," said Lucas Ferreyra, cybersecurity industry analyst, Frost & Sullivan. "This new MDR service tier delivers additional capabilities that multiply the value of Secureworks MDR service, further enhancing prevention, detection and response, and showing why Secureworks is one of the leaders in the MDR space."

For more information, please visit the Taegis ManagedXDR Plus web page.

About Secureworks

Secureworks (NASDAQ: SCWX) is a global cybersecurity leader that secures human progress with Secureworks® Taegis™, a SaaS-based, open XDR platform built on 20+ years of real-world detection data, security operations expertise, and threat intelligence and research. Taegis is embedded in the security operations of thousands of organizations around the world who use its advanced, AI-driven capabilities to detect advanced threats, streamline and collaborate on investigations, and automate the right actions.

Secureworks Elevates State of Cybersecurity for Mid-Market Customers With Managed Detection and Response Offering

PRESS RELEASE

NEW YORK, July 15, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- BlueVoyant, an industry-leading cybersecurity company, today announced the launch of its innovative Cyber Defense Platform. The platform integrates internal, external, and supply chain defense solutions into a single, cloud-native platform designed to measure and strengthen cyber defense posture in a cost-effective manner.

The mission of security operations teams has expanded from protecting the organization's internal networks to also include external threats from supply chain vendors, the digital fraudsters, and the dark web. However, multiple point solutions introduce complexity in management and provide a fragmented view of cyber posture.

BlueVoyant's Cyber Defense Platform provides AI-powered, next-generation security operations across enterprises' entire attack surface. It processes data and alerts from internal networks, supply chains, and the clear, deep, and dark web. This all leads to improvements in scalability, productivity, and enterprises' cyber risk posture.

The platform offers a variety of products and services to strengthen and manage an organization's cyber defense, including:

1.  Detection & Response:  Bolster internal network defenses by utilizing Managed Extended Detection & Response (MXDR) across the entire security stack from endpoints and SIEM (security information and event management) to the cloud, with integrated Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) for added protection
    
2.  Supply Chain Defense: Manage and respond to risks from suppliers, vendors, and other third parties
    
3.  Digital Risk Protection: Detect and respond to external cyber risks, such as brand impersonation, phishing, stolen data, and more
    
4.  Proactive Defense: Proactive approach to attack surface management that includes vulnerability management, external attack surface management, penetration testing, phishing awareness, dark web threat research, and configuration management
    
5.  Cyber Posture Management: Continuously assess, manage, and improve your organization's security posture to reduce cyber risk by leveraging the guidance provided by the NIST Cyber Security Framework (CSF)
    

"The BlueVoyant Cyber Defense Platform is a leap forward in the cybersecurity landscape," said James Rosenthal, CEO and co-founder of BlueVoyant. "We understand the escalating demands that security operations teams face in detecting and responding to threats swiftly. Our platform harnesses the power of AI to respond to those challenges with next-generation security operations across the entire attack surface. The result is improved scalability, enhanced productivity, and a stronger cyber risk posture, all based on cutting-edge technology."        

BlueVoyant boasts more than 1,000 customers, and recently announced the acquisition of Conquest Cyber, a cyber defense company renowned for its innovative SaaS technology. In addition, Microsoft recently named BlueVoyant the prestigious 2024 Worldwide Security Partner of the Year, which recognizes that BlueVoyant is on the forefront of cybersecurity. The company is also a member of the Microsoft Copilot for Security Design Council.

BlueVoyant recently unveiled a new Security Operations (SOC) and Customer Experience Center in Leeds, England, which joins BlueVoyant's existing SOC in Hungary. An additional EU SOC will be opening in Ireland later in 2024. The company's SOCs complement existing global security operations centers and provide additional in-time-zone support for European clients. 

To learn more about the BlueVoyant Cyber Defense Platform, visit the BlueVoyant website.

About BlueVoyant  
BlueVoyant delivers a comprehensive cloud-native security operations platform that provides real-time threat monitoring for networks, endpoints, and supply chains, extending to the clear, deep, and dark web. The platform integrates advanced AI technology with expert human insight to offer extensive protection and swift threat mitigation, ensuring enterprise cybersecurity. Trusted by more than 1,000 clients globally, and the 2024 Microsoft Worldwide Security Partner of the Year, BlueVoyant sets the standard for modern cyber defense solutions.

BlueVoyant Unveils Edge Security Operations Platform

The gang already uses varied tools in its attacks, such as phishing, SIM swapping, and MFA fatigue.

Source: Stephen Street via Alamy Stock Photo

Octo Tempest, a threat actor also known as Scattered Spider, has added RansomHub and Qilin to its repository for use in attacks, Microsoft's Threat Intelligence Team is warning.

The gang, which first arrived on the scene in 2022, is known for its social engineering techniques, which Microsoft describes as sophisticated, as well as identity compromises, targeting of VMware ESXi servers, and deployment of BlackCat ransomware. It was also infamously behind the massive ransomware attacks on Caesars Palace and MGM Entertainment last year.

Other tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) the group is known to use include impersonating IT employees to deceive company staff into providing credentials or gaining persistence using remote access tools, as well as phishing, MFA bombing, and SIM swapping.

Qilin ransomware also surfaced in 2022 under a different name, "Agenda," but quickly rebranded. The group is known to have targeted and claimed more than 130 companies, demanding ransoms from as low as $25,000 and well into millions, and is developing a customizable Linux encryptor to target VMware ESXi servers, according to Microsoft. RansomHub, meanwhile, is a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) offering that is becoming increasingly favored by threat actors, "making it one of the most widespread ransomware families today," the tech giant said via X.

Octo Tempest accounts for a significant number of the investigations that the Microsoft team covers, it said, and has dominated incident response engagements it has received since first gaining attention through its "oktapus" campaign, which targeted over 130 well-known organizations.

Microsoft: Scattered Spider Widens Web With RansomHub &amp; Qilin

As attackers set their sights on infrastructure, security teams need to reduce risk levels without compromising operational agility.

Amir Hirsh, SVP & General Manager of OT Security, Tenable

July 16, 2024

4 Min Read

Source: ElenaBs via Alamy Stock Photo

COMMENTARY

Hackers affiliated with the Chinese government have reportedly maintained access to US critical infrastructure for years, several agencies warned in February. The revelation is, at least on the surface, a heel-turn for Chinese cyber behavior — moving from espionage to the potential compromise or destruction of infrastructure via operational technology (OT). This includes the programmable systems and devices connected to physical environments.

Last December, a supply chain-focused attack against ShipManager software from maritime advisory company DNV reportedly disrupted operations for dozens of its clients — affecting as many as 1,000 vessels. In November, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency warned of Iranian actors actively exploiting Unitronics equipment used in water and wastewater systems, prompting a later warning from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the White House. The EPA also warned in May that a whopping 70% of US water systems fail its cybersecurity standards.

Similar OT systems have been connected to the Internet to enable remote monitoring and control, but that convenience has opened up avenues for attackers. These systems were often built for reliability before widespread connectivity. They are often implemented with niche solutions and can be difficult to audit and protect.

OT attacks, along with IT attacks on infrastructure supporting these operational environments, can take down customers' supply chains, damage equipment, and result in costly production disruptions: According to a study by ITC, four in 10 enterprise organizations said one hour of downtime can cost from $1 million to over $5 million.

Keeping the lights on in these increasingly complex environments is no easy feat. OT needs even higher levels of protection than that afforded to IT, since a single OT breach can cascade across multiple systems. Here, I'll outline three key steps for defending these environments, which begins with understanding OT's cyber-physical impacts and complexities.

**1\. Eliminate Gaps Across Environments**

Convergence of security between IT and OT is accelerating, but the two cannot be completely independent workstreams. Managing OT security is not a "set it and forget it" or reactive process, and vulnerability management cannot be lax. An effective strategy meant to reduce OT risk and protect operational uptime requires full asset visibility, and oftentimes there is crossover with IT.

With greater visibility, defenders can gather accurate and continuous telemetry data. Acquiring it, however, will entail ongoing communication and collaboration with the IT teams who have traditionally overseen Internet-facing devices.

IT and OT defenders can establish cross-functional teams and carry out joint risk assessment exercises. This open line will generate a better understanding about how assets communicate with each other, which apps are running (and where), and how user privileges are configured. The visibility gives teams greater control over their organizational infrastructure and can inform critical decision-making processes.

**2\. Develop Comprehensive OT Playbooks**

Once assets are mapped and better understood, the next step is a standardization of security practices. Defenders should create or evolve OT security playbooks and consider a range of scenarios.

Plans should draw from the organization's existing knowledge base, outline step-by-step incident response protocols, and define reactive steps among all business units and executives — for instance, documenting which teams or partners must respond in the event of a sector-specific worst-case scenario, such as a critical pipeline being held for ransom.

OT defenders should also regularly monitor guidance disseminated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (including the new governance pillar of the NIST CSF framework) and intelligence agencies, along with industry groups and vendors.

**3\. Implement Robust Controls**

With more systems coming online, the general widening of the OT attack surface necessitates powerful exposure management technology. In fact, this is a point my colleagues and I continue to raise in different forums, as threat actors, like China-backed entities, continue to shift their tactics.

Sophisticated advanced persistent threats (APTs), like China's Volt Typhoon, increasingly rely on living-off-the-land techniques — using legitimate, embedded services to carry out their crimes. This can cloak their network activity and make traditional indicators of compromise highly difficult to detect. This ultimately dilutes the impact of more traditional security technologies.

Defenders simply cannot overlook this threat. They must be able to contextualize data and resolve issues before they can be exploited, performing functions like high-speed asset discovery and malware detection.

**Moving Away From Reactive Policies**

Given the rise of ransomware attacks in OT environments — more than half of polled industrial firms confirming they've suffered a related incident — there is new urgency tied to this domain. In fact, these events have created space for security teams to advocate internally for more robust controls.

Luckily, as part of this effort, organizations are steadily moving away from the reactive policies that once guided OT and instead are looking more holistically at the intricate web of networks and devices across their operations.

By using these tips, security teams can effectively reduce risk levels without compromising operational agility. OT infrastructure demands time and attention, but greater security will help protect physical environments from the advances of prominent APTs.

**About the Author(s)**

SVP & General Manager of OT Security, Tenable

Amir Hirsh is a technological entrepreneur based in Israel with over 20 years of experience. He has been instrumental in the creation, growth and sale of numerous companies covering cyber, AI, and media.

Amir leads Tenable's platform, exposure management, and operational technology (OT) business units, driving continued product innovation and development to address both present and future market needs. He also oversees Tenable's go-to-market, marketing, and engineering teams. He is a creative thinker and an innovative tech and business leader with an execution-focused management style.

As a key leader at Tenable, Amir speaks regularly at various industry events and conferences, and his views on market trends and the technology innovation driving them have been covered in many media outlets.

Defending OT Requires Agility, Proactive Controls

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Name That Toon: Near Miss

The ransomware is rudimentary with basic functionalities, likely having been created by an inexperienced developer — but it's effective at locking up files and sucking up memory capacity.

Source: imageBROKER.com GmbH & Co. KG via Alamy Stock Photo

A ransomware strain coined "ShadowRoot" has been found targeting Turkish businesses through phishing attacks.

The phishing emails contain a PDF attachment disguised as an invoice with embedded malicious links. Upon user interaction, this triggers a download of a RootDesign.exe file hosted on a compromised GitHub account.

The downloaded file is a Delphi binary and, according to researchers at Forcepoint who analyzed the exe, it drops further payloads: "C:\\TheDream\\RootDesign.exe," "C:\\TheDream\\Uninstall.exe” and “C:\\TheDream\\Uninstall.ini".

"We have observed recursive self-process creation by RootDesign.exe, which causes the files to get encrypted multiple times, resulting in higher memory consumption," the researchers said. "It also drops many copies of encrypted files on the root."

They add that the ransomware appears "rudimentary" and likely the work belonging to an inexperienced developer.

In addition to user awareness for defense, the researchers recommend blocking the following email addresses to prevent being targeted by the Shadowroot threat actors:

*   Kurumsal\[.\]tasilat\[@\]internet\[.\]ru
    
*   ran\_master\_som\[@\]proton\[.\]me
    
*   lasmuruk\[@\]mailfence\[.\]com
    

**About the Author(s)**

Source

DARKReading