Plus: Google holds off on killing cookies, Samourai Wallet founders get arrested, and GM stops driver surveillance program.

Controversial gunshot-detection company ShotSpotter has deployed more than 25,000 microphones across 170 cities worldwide. This week, WIRED and _South Side Weekly_ revealed the company may continue to provide gunshot data to police in cities even after contracts have ended. Internal emails seen by the publications suggest ShotSpotter sensors may have stayed online despite law enforcement deals having expired, raising questions about what will happen to 2,500 microphones in Chicago when its contract runs out at the end of the year.

Elsewhere, Change Healthcare finally admitted to paying a ransom to the AlphV hackers, also known as BlackCat, that extorted the medical company. Weeks ago, WIRED revealed the attackers were paid $22 million, one of the largest ransomware payments ever. However, in a statement this week the company admitted for the first time that it paid the ransom as part of its effort “to do all it could to protect patient data from disclosure.” Some of that data still found its way onto the dark web.

In another successful grift, researchers have found animators in North Korea creating artwork for major Hollywood studios. A misconfigured North Korea cloud server, discovered at the end of last year, contained thousands of animation files, notes, and working documents for productions of shows that stream on Amazon Prime Video and Max. The companies likely didn’t know workers from the Hermit Kingdom were creating the artwork, but it’s another example of how North Korea is using skilled workers to circumvent sanctions and make the regime money.

Meanwhile, Cisco revealed this week that some of its devices, called Adaptive Security Appliances, have been targeted by state-sponsored hackers who exploited two zero-day vulnerabilities in the systems. The attack, dubbed ArcaneDoor, is believed to have had an espionage focus and sources suspect China’s state-backed hackers may be the culprits.

The November presidential elections may still be months away, but the next US president will have increased surveillance capabilities. This week Joe Biden signed a controversial bill extending and enhancing Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. FISA allows spy agencies to collect Americans’ calls, emails, and more when pursuing foreign intelligence. Critics say the changes are “a gift to any president who may wish to spy on political enemies.”

That’s not all. Each week, we round up the security and privacy news we didn’t cover in depth ourselves. Click the headlines to read the full stories. And stay safe out there.

**School Principal Framed Using AI Voice Deepfake**

In January, an Instagram account in Baltimore, Maryland, posted an alleged audio recording of local school principal Eric Eiswert making racist and antisemitic comments. Baltimore County Public Schools quickly opened an investigation into the incident. However, this week, a former athletic director at Pikesville High School was arrested after police said he used artificial intelligence software to create the fake audio clip of Eiswert. The audio included comments about “ungrateful Black kids” and disparaging remarks about the Jewish community.

Dazhon Darien, the former staff member, was arrested after being stopped in possession of a gun at an airport when officials saw there was an outstanding arrest warrant, the _Baltimore Banner_ reported. The media organization reports that Darien was charged with disrupting school activities and stalking. The fake clip was allegedly made in retaliation for the principal investigating Darien over irregular payments to his roommate.

Police reports, the _Banner_ says, indicate that the audio clip had a “profound” impact on the school principal. “It not only led to Eiswert’s temporary removal from the school but also triggered a wave of hate-filled messages on social media and numerous calls to the school,” police reports said.

Voice-cloning technology, which can fall under the broader banner of deepfake technology, has rapidly improved within the last year. Cloning tools can recreate someone’s voice to a relatively realistic level using just a few seconds of real audio. The systems have increasingly been used to impersonate politicians and scam people over the phone.

**General Motors Stops Driving Surveillance, Following Privacy Complaints**

Your car knows a lot about you—from where and how you drive, to your weight and how you sit. This week, following a series of revelations from _New York Times_ reporter Kashmir Hill, General Motors announced it will end its “Smart Driver” program and unenroll all customers. Until the reports from the _Times_, GM was sharing data with data brokers LexisNexis and Verisk, which shared it with insurers and led to high payments for some people. The OnStar Smart Driver program had been designed to promote safer driving, GM said. However, many people were not aware they had been enrolled in the system. Ten lawsuits have been filed so far about the Smart Driver program and how it shared data.

**Google Delays Killing Cookies—Again**

In January 2020, Google said it would remove third-party cookies from Chrome within two years—following Safari, Brave, Firefox, and other browsers in eradicating the tracking technology. It’s now April 2024 and the company has delayed the change for a third time, saying it’ll happen in 2025. Google’s proposed cookie replacement has faced scrutiny from competition and privacy regulators in the UK, with critics saying cookies are just being replaced by another form of tracking and suggesting the changes could further benefit Google’s ad business.

**Samourai Wallet Founders Arrested Over $2 Billion Unlawful Transactions**

Keonne Rodriguez and William Lonergan Hill, the founders of crypto-mixing service Samourai Wallet, were charged by US prosecutors this week for running an unlicensed money transfer business and conspiracy to commit money laundering. The company processed $2 billion in “unlawful transactions” and “facilitated more than $100 million in money laundering,” according to Damian Williams, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, and other investigators. The charges can carry a maximum of 20 years each. The move comes as US prosecutors try to clampdown on crypto mixing services that may be used to hide funds or allow illicit behavior. Mixers Bitcoin Fog, Helix, and Tornado Cash have all faced action in recent years.

**Chinese Keyboard Vulnerabilities Could Reveal Typing**

New research from the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab this week revealed vulnerabilities in eight Chinese keyboard apps that, if exploited, could allow everything typed to be intercepted. Up to a billion people may be impacted, the researchers say. They tested apps from major technology companies and phone makers, including Baidu, Honor, Huawei, Samsung and Tencent. “Most of the vulnerable apps can be exploited by an entirely passive network eavesdropper,” they researchers write, adding that most of the impacted companies fixed the vulnerabilities when they were reported.

School Employee Allegedly Framed a Principal With Racist Deepfake Rant

PRESS RELEASE

McLean, Va. & Bedford, Mass., April 25, 2024 — MITRE’s Cyber Resiliency Engineering Framework (CREF) NavigatorTM now incorporates the US Department of Defense’s Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) so cybersecurity engineers for the Defense Industrial Base (DIB) can strengthen supply chain resilience against sophisticated cybersecurity attacks. The CREF Navigator aligns with NIST SP 800-171, the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) publication designed to safeguard Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) and the subset of NIST SP 800-172 that aligns with the proposed CMMC Level 3 model which has 24 of the 34 security requirements that address more sophisticated cybersecurity attacks.

“Our national security depends on the security of our defense systems and the supply chains to enable that defense,” said Wen Masters, vice president, cyber technologies, MITRE. “All along the supply chain, you need accountability in following the appropriate security requirements to build a resilient system. Resilience in the face of a cyber-attack is not a quick fix. Resiliency must be engineered before an incident.”

MITRE in partnership with NIST created the original cyber resiliency framework, NIST SP 800-160, Volume 2 (Rev. 1). The CREF Navigator, which debuted in early 2023, makes that NIST framework searchable and visualized. With the tool, engineers can make educated and informed choices while designing resilient cyber solutions. Beyond pairing with CMMC, the CREF Navigator also aligns with the MITRE ATT&CK® knowledge base of tactics and techniques and Cyber Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) for cyber threat modeling.

“To allow cyber engineers to customize the tool for their individual needs, we enhanced the CREF Navigator so users can create their own scenarios and apply different parameters of threats and techniques,” said Shane Steiger, principal cybersecurity engineer, MITRE. “Regardless of how you keep your security data, you can import your data into the CREF Navigator via a .csv file, and the visualization of the data can be exported back out to a .csv file. Later this year, we’ll add enhancements for Zero Trust Architectures.”

As with many of MITRE’s resources for cyber defenders that are developed in the public interest, the CREF Navigator is freely available to the greater cyber community. See the CREF Navigator in action at https://CREFNavigator.mitre.org.

About MITRE  
MITRE’s mission-driven teams are dedicated to solving problems for a safer world. Through our public-private partnerships and as an operator of federally funded R&D centers, we work across government and in partnership with industry to tackle challenges to the safety, stability, and well-being of our nation. Learn more at mitre.org.

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MITRE's Cyber Resiliency Engineering Framework Aligns With DoD Cyber Maturity Model Cert

The business intelligence servers contain vulnerabilities that Qlik patched last year, but which Cactus actors have been exploiting since November. Swathes of organizations have not yet been patched.

Source: S. Bonaime via Shutterstock

Nearly five months after security researchers warned of the Cactus ransomware group leveraging a set of three vulnerabilities in Qlik Sense data analytics and business intelligence (BI) platform, many organizations remain dangerously vulnerable to the threat.

Qlik disclosed the vulnerabilities in August and September. The company's August disclosure involved two bugs in multiple versions of Qlik Sense Enterprise for Windows tracked as CVE-2023-41266 and CVE-2023-41265. The vulnerabilities, when chained, give a remote, unauthenticated attacker a way to execute arbitrary code on affected systems. In September, Qlik disclosed CVE-2023-48365, which turned out to be a bypass of Qlik's fix for the previous two flaws from August.

Gartner has ranked Qlik as one of the top data visualization and BI vendors in the market.

**Continued Exploitation of Qlik Security Bugs**

Two months later, Arctic Wolf reported observing operators of Cactus ransomware exploiting the three vulnerabilities to gain an initial foothold in target environments. At the time, the security vendor said it was responding to multiple instances of customers encountering attacks via the Qlik Sense vulnerabilities and warned of the Cactus group campaign as being rapidly developing.

Even so, many organization appear not to have received the memo. A scan by researchers at Fox-IT on April 17 uncovered a total of 5,205 Internet-accessible Qlik Sense servers, of which 3,143 servers were still vulnerable to Cactus group's exploits. Of that number, 396 servers appeared to be located in the US. Other countries with a relatively high number of vulnerable Qlik Sense servers include Italy with 280, Brazil with 244 and Netherlands and Germany with 241 and 175 respectively.

Fox-IT is among a group of security organizations in the Netherlands — including the Dutch Institute for Vulnerability Disclosure (DIVD) — working collaboratively under the aegis of an effort called Project Melissa, to disrupt Cactus group operations.

Upon discovering the vulnerable servers, Fox-IT relayed its fingerprints and scan data to DIVD, which then began contacting administrators of the vulnerable Qlik Sense servers about their organization's exposure to potential Cactus ransomware attacks. In some instances, DIVD sent the notifications out directly to potential victims while in others the organization attempted to relay the information to them via their respective country computer emergency response teams.

**Security Orgs Are Notifying Potential Cactus Ransomware Victims**

The ShadowServer Foundation is also reaching out to at-risk organizations. In a critical alert this week, the nonprofit threat intelligence service described the situation as one where a failure to remediate could leave organizations at a very high likelihood of compromise.

"If you receive an alert from us on a vulnerable instance detected in your network or constituency, please also assume compromise of your instance and possibly your network," ShadowServer said. "Compromised instances are determined remotely by checking for the presence of files with .ttf or .woff file extension."

Fox-IT said it had identified at least 122 Qlik Sense instances as likely compromised via the three vulnerabilities. Forty-nine of them were in the US; 13 in Spain; 11 in Italy; and the rest scattered across 17 other countries. "When the indicator of compromise artefact is present on a remote Qlik Sense server, it can imply various scenarios," Fox-IT said. It could for instance, suggest that the attackers executed code remotely on the server, or it could simply be an artifact from a previous security incident.

"It's crucial to understand that 'already compromised' can mean that either the ransomware has been deployed and the initial access artifacts left behind were not removed, or the system remains compromised and is potentially poised for a future ransomware attack," Fox-IT said.

**About the Author(s)**

Jai Vijayan is a seasoned technology reporter with over 20 years of experience in IT trade journalism. He was most recently a Senior Editor at Computerworld, where he covered information security and data privacy issues for the publication. Over the course of his 20-year career at Computerworld, Jai also covered a variety of other technology topics, including big data, Hadoop, Internet of Things, e-voting, and data analytics. Prior to Computerworld, Jai covered technology issues for The Economic Times in Bangalore, India. Jai has a Master's degree in Statistics and lives in Naperville, Ill.

Thousands of Qlik Sense Servers Open to Cactus Ransomware

By Waqas
In 2024, integrated residential security solutions are vital for comprehensive protection against evolving threats, safeguarding homes and families with advanced technology and seamless connectivity.
This is a post from HackRead.com Read the original post: Integrated Residential Security Solutions to Employ in 2024

As we progress through 2024, home security is rapidly advancing, with a notable shift towards integrated residential security solutions. These systems are the cornerstone of keeping your living space safe, using cutting-edge Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to provide comprehensive protection. 

Your home can now be outfitted with a suite of smart security devices, ranging from intelligent alarms to automated surveillance cameras, all working in unison to offer round-the-clock monitoring and real-time alerts.

With the increase in smart home devices, your home’s network faces many cyber threats. Robust firewalls, encrypted Wi-Fi systems, and consistent software updates are essential to safeguard your domain from potential digital breaches. 

Image: Hackread.com

Embracing these sophisticated security systems empowers you to create a safer and smarter home environment. Whether through enhanced connectivity that allows for seamless control over your security devices or via improved sensors that detect the slightest anomalies, your home security is now more reliable and intuitive. 

****Evolving Technologies in Home Security****

You’ll find now more than ever that your home’s defense is revolutionized by smart technologies that adapt and learn. These innovations are not only enhancing security but also ensuring seamless compatibility with your digital lifestyle.

****Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning****

To keep your home safe, Artificial Intelligence and machine learning are no longer just buzzwords—they are crucial components that drive modern security systems. 

Large-scale AI models in residential security mean your system can now accurately detect potential threats by distinguishing between normal and suspicious behaviors. This intelligence layer allows for proactive measures, significantly minimizing false alarms that were once a common nuisance.

****IoT and Smart Device Integration****

The intersection of IoT and home security forms a network of smart devices working in concert to safeguard your premises. 

Your security setup extends beyond traditional alarms, incorporating smart locks, cameras, and lighting to create a responsive environment. Integration with IoT devices ensures your home responds intuitively to various scenarios, such as adjusting lights and lock settings as you arrive or depart.

****Cloud and Edge Computing****

Your security system’s efficiency and scalability are vastly improved thanks to cloud computing, which provides reliable data storage and remote access to your system. Meanwhile, edge computing takes processing closer to the data source—your home’s security devices. 

This means faster responses to security triggers and less reliance on bandwidth, as data can be processed locally. The harmonious combination of cloud and edge computing improves reliability and streamlines the management of your home security infrastructure.

****Enhanced Surveillance and Monitoring Solutions****

State-of-the-art surveillance technology is key to ensuring the safety of residential spaces. These systems leverage advanced sensors and artificial intelligence to provide real-time alerts and high-quality video imaging, transforming traditional security measures.

****Advanced Camera Technologies****

Modern security cameras come equipped with intelligent noise reduction and superior imaging capabilities. 

This ensures you receive clear videos, reducing false alarms due to poor image quality. Enhanced low-light performance is now a standard feature, providing better surveillance, even in dim conditions.

****AI-Driven Surveillance****

Surveillance systems have grown smarter, incorporating AI technology to analyze video feeds in real time. This means your cameras can distinguish between routine movements and potential security threats, allowing for accurate alarms and alerts. 

AI-driven multi-family residential security camera solutions can aid in recognizing suspicious activities quickly, bolstering the security of private residences.

****Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts****

Your security solution can offer real-time monitoring, with the ability to automatically notify you or dispatch personnel when an incident occurs. 

Cameras and remote monitoring services provide constant vigilance for your property. Should an incident occur, you will be immediately informed with a detailed alert, enabling swift response and ensuring your peace of mind.

****Security Systems Implementation****

When choosing the optimal security system for your home, it’s essential to understand the installation process, recognize the significance of digital identity and authentication, and ensure the solution is tailored to meet your specific needs.

****Professional vs. DIY Installation****

The decision between professional installation and DIY solutions depends largely on your comfort level with technology and specific security needs. 

With professional installation, you’re guaranteed expert setup and continued professional monitoring. 

On the other hand, DIY installation provides a more hands-on approach and may be cost-effective if you have technical proficiency.

****Digital Identity and Authentication****

Incorporating digital identity and authentication into your residential security system adds a robust layer of protection. Reflecting on FTX’s downfall, it’s evident how vital stringent security measures are in any technology-dependent system, preventing unauthorized access and ensuring the integrity of sensitive information. 

Such systems usually involve biometric scanners or advanced code encryption, providing a more personalized and secure method for access control.

****Customization for Specific Needs****

Your home’s security system should be as unique as your household’s. Customization can range from selecting cameras with advanced motion detection to installing smart locks that integrate with your entire home automation system. Identify your specific needs to determine the features that will best secure your residence.

****Innovative Access Control Systems****

Innovative access control systems have evolved to offer not only enhanced security but also user convenience and system efficiency. 

From unlocking doors with a simple facial scan to managing access rights via sophisticated digital models, these systems are transforming residential security.

****Biometric and Facial Recognition****

Biometric security systems utilize your unique physical characteristics to ensure that only authorized individuals can access your home. 

Facial recognition technology, an integral part of this security approach, provides a touchless, fast, and secure method to manage entry. The security industry has embraced this technology for its ability to combine convenience with robust security.

****Smart Lock Technologies****

Smart locks represent a revolutionary step in home security, offering you the ability to control and monitor your door locks remotely. 

Characterized by home Wi-Fi connectivity or Bluetooth, these locks can integrate with your smart home systems, allowing real-time alerts and remote access management. They contribute significantly to your security and sustainability by reducing the need for physical keys and waste.

****Digital Twin Access Management****

The application of digital twin technology in access control refers to a virtual representation of your physical security system. You can visualize and manage the flow of people within your home in a secure digital environment. 

By layering this technology onto access point systems (APS), you gain a comprehensive view that enhances financial security and physical safety. Digital twins in security may also integrate with blockchain technology, offering a decentralized approach that can bolster security protocols.

****Conclusion****

With enhanced connectivity and smarter algorithms, your home security system in 2024 integrates flawlessly across devices. Your standard video systems are upgraded to advanced sensors and high-definition video capabilities, providing you with crisp imagery and precise detection of events.

Cybersecurity is no longer an afterthought in your connected home. Employing strong firewalls, encrypted Wi-Fi systems, and consistent software updates will help safeguard your digital assets on top of the physical ones. Moreover, cloud technology brings a new layer of convenience and efficiency. Your security feeds, storage, and real-time alerts are accessible anytime, anywhere, providing a seamless user experience.

By incorporating these integrated security solutions, your home remains a sanctuary, fortified against potential threats and giving you the peace of mind you deserve.

1.  The Pros and Cons of Smart Homes
2.  NDR in the Modern Cybersecurity Landscape
3.  Top 3 Cybersecurity Tools to Protect Business Data
4.  Cybersecurity for Startups: Best Tips and Strategies
5.  IT and Cybersecurity Jobs in the Age of Emerging AI Tech

Integrated Residential Security Solutions to Employ in 2024

Eight out of nine apps that people use to input Chinese characters into mobile devices have weakness that allow a passive eavesdropper to collect keystroke data.

Source: badboydt7 via Shutterstock

Nearly all keyboard apps that allow users to enter Chinese characters into their Android, iOS, or other mobile devices are vulnerable to attacks that allow an adversary to capture the entirety of their keystrokes.

This includes data such as login credentials, financial information, and messages that would otherwise be end-to-end encrypted, a new study by Toronto University's Citizen Lab has uncovered.

**Ubiquitous Problem**

For the study, researchers at the lab considered cloud-based Pinyin apps (which render Chinese characters into words spelled with roman letters) from nine vendors selling to users in China: Baidu, Samsung, Huawei, Tencent, Xiaomi, Vivo, OPPO, iFlytek, and Honor. Their investigation showed all but the app from Huawei to be transmitting keystroke data to the cloud in a manner that enabled a passive eavesdropper to read the contents in clear text and with little difficulty. Citizen Lab researchers, who have earned a reputation over the years for exposing multiple cyber espionage, surveillance, and other threats targeted at mobile users and civil society, said each of them contain at least one exploitable vulnerability in how they handle transmissions of user keystrokes to the cloud.

The scope of vulnerabilities should not be underestimated, Citizen Lab researchers Jeffrey Knockel, Mona Wang and Zoe Reichert wrote in a report summarizing their findings this week: The researchers from Citizen Lab found that 76% of keyboard app users in mainland China, in fact, use a Pinyin keyboard to input Chinese characters.

"All of the vulnerabilities that we covered in this report can be exploited entirely passively without sending any additional network traffic," the researchers said. And to boot, the vulnerabilities were easy to discover and do not require any technological sophistication to exploit, they noted.  "As such, we might wonder, are these vulnerabilities actively under mass exploitation?"

Each of the vulnerable Pinyin keyboard apps that Citizen Lab examined had both a local, on-device component and a cloud-based prediction service for handling long strings of syllables and particularly complex characters. Of the nine apps they looked at, three were from mobile software developers — Tencent, Baidu, and iFlytek. The remaining five were apps that Samsung, Xiaomi, OPPO, Vivo, and Honor — all mobile device manufacturers — had either developed on their own or had integrated into their devices from a third-party developer.

**Exploitable via Active & Passive Methods**

Methods of exploitation differ for each app. Tencent's QQ Pinyin app for Android and Windows for instance had a vulnerability that allowed the researchers to create a working exploit for decrypting keystrokes via active eavesdropping methods. Baidu's IME for Windows contained a similar vulnerability, for which Citizen Lab created a working exploit for decrypting keystroke data via both active and passive eavesdropping methods.

The researchers found other encrypted related privacy and security weaknesses in the Baidu's iOS and Android versions but did not develop exploits for them. iFlytek's app for Android had a vulnerability that allowed a passive eavesdropper to recover in plaintext keyboard transmissions because of insufficient mobile encryption.

On the hardware vendor side, Samsung's homegrown keyboard app offered no encryption at all and instead sent keystroke transmissions in the clear. Samsung also offers users the option of either using Tencent's Sogou app or an app from Baidu on their devices. Of the two apps, Citizen Lab identified Baidu's keyboard app as being vulnerable to attack.

The researchers were unable to identify any issue with Vivo's internally developed Pinyin keyboard app but had a working exploit for a vulnerability they discovered in a Tencent app that is also available on Vivo's devices.

The third-party Pinyin apps (from Baidu, Tencent, and iFlytek) that are available with devices from the other mobile device makers all had exploitable vulnerabilities as well.

These are not uncommon issues, it turns out. Last year, Citizen Labs had conducted a separate investigation in Tencent's Sogou — used by some 450 million people in China — and found vulnerabilities that exposed keystrokes to eavesdropping attacks.

"Combining the vulnerabilities discovered in this and our previous report analyzing Sogou's keyboard apps, we estimate that up to one billion users are affected by these vulnerabilities," Citizen Lab said.

The vulnerabilities could enable mass surveillance of Chinese mobile device users — including by signals intelligence services belonging to the so-called Five Eyes nations — US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand — Citizen Lab said; the vulnerabilities in the keyboard apps that Citizen Lab discovered in its new research are very similar to vulnerabilities in the China-developed UC browser that intelligence agencies from these countries exploited for surveillance purposes, the report noted.

**About the Author(s)**

Jai Vijayan is a seasoned technology reporter with over 20 years of experience in IT trade journalism. He was most recently a Senior Editor at Computerworld, where he covered information security and data privacy issues for the publication. Over the course of his 20-year career at Computerworld, Jai also covered a variety of other technology topics, including big data, Hadoop, Internet of Things, e-voting, and data analytics. Prior to Computerworld, Jai covered technology issues for The Economic Times in Bangalore, India. Jai has a Master's degree in Statistics and lives in Naperville, Ill.

Chinese Keyboard Apps Open 1B People to Eavesdropping

Cyberattacks on logistics are becoming increasingly common, and the potential impact is enormous.

Chahak Mittal, Cybersecurity GRC Manager, Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc.

April 25, 2024

5 Min Read

Source: Rawf8 via Alamy Stock Photo

COMMENTARY

Imagine you're standing in a bustling city, surrounded by the symphony of commerce. The exchange of goods and the flow of transportation are all around you. This is the heartbeat of our global economy. But what would happen if this heartbeat were to be disrupted? If the very lifeblood of our interconnected world were to falter — or worse, come to a grinding halt?

The consequences would be catastrophic. Imagine empty shelves in grocery stores, gas stations running out of fuel, and hospitals unable to get the supplies they need. Imagine widespread panic and social unrest.

This is not just a hypothetical scenario. It's a real threat we need to take seriously. Cyberattacks on logistics are becoming increasingly common, and the potential impact is enormous. Logistics is the backbone of our global economy. It's the process that keeps the world's shelves stocked and the wheels of commerce turning.

**Cyberattacks on Logistics May Have Severe Ramifications**

Let's first discuss why cyberattacks on logistics are so concerning.

Remember back to the haunting early days of the pandemic. Lockdown measures paralyzed entire nations, factories fell silent, and transportation came to a grinding halt. The repercussions were profound, as essential goods faced severe delays, and shortages left many in dire straits. The fabric of our interconnected world was put to the test, and the challenges were immense.

Four years later, we see news headlines about cyberattacks on Ukraine's logistics and its global impact. Think for a moment about the unimaginable consequences if a cyberattack were to disrupt logistics on a larger scale than COVID-19 or even exceed its impact.

It is unsettling that a nation could be brought to its knees not by an army or weapons but by code on a computer. This prospect cannot be ignored, especially given that the transport and logistics industry is undergoing a digital transformation.

Companies are increasingly using digitalization tools to streamline all processes, from warehouse inventory management to vehicle tracking. This is a good thing, of course. Digitalization can help to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and improve customer service. But there is a dark side to digitalization. The more digitized a company is, the more vulnerable it is to cyberattacks.

**An Expanded Battlefield**

Let's now delve into the second part of our journey: understanding how cyberattacks on logistics can be weaponized. Throughout history, proper logistics have always been the secret weapon behind any victorious endeavor, whether in war or other ventures. From the days of the Civil War, where horses, mules, and wagons provided armies the food, equipment, and ammunition they needed, to the modern era with colossal military operations with intricate supply chains, logistics have always been the beating heart of success.

Now the battlefield has expanded into the digital realm. The logistics that have propelled economies and nations forward are now vulnerable to a new kind of adversary –— one that wields not swords and shields, but lines of code and malicious intent.

But let's go even deeper. What if these cyberattacks on logistics were not just the work of lone hackers seeking chaos? What if they were orchestrated by state actors with strategic intent? The Russia-Ukraine conflict has demonstrated the potential of such scenarios. The cyber offensive aimed at Ukraine reached far beyond its borders, affecting global supply chains and sending shockwaves through economies. 

In this ever-evolving digital landscape, a new kind of arsenal is being amassed in the shadows: stockpiled zero-day vulnerabilities. Just as nations once accumulated weapons to safeguard their sovereignty, they now amass vulnerabilities as digital ammunition. These zero-day vulnerabilities, arcane exploits unknown even to software creators, have become potent tools of cyber warfare.

Imagine the power of a nation armed with a stockpile of these vulnerabilities. It can strike silently, crippling logistical infrastructures without firing a single shot. This reality becomes more tangible as each day passes. The Russia-Ukraine conflict showcases this new arsenal's alarming potential, serving as a reminder that our reliance on interconnected logistics is both a strength and a vulnerability.

**Fortifying Our Defenses**

So, where do we go from here? How can we fortify our logistical arteries against these emerging threats? Just as the strength of a nation's military once depended on its ability to ensure a steady flow of supplies to the frontlines, today's battles are won by safeguarding the flow of data, goods, and services.

The lessons of history remain relevant — a robust logistics network is not only essential for prosperity, but it is also a fundamental pillar of security. We must invest in cyber-defense strategies that mirror the importance we place on physical defense. Collaboration between governments, industries, and international partners is paramount. The private sector, too, holds a pivotal role.

As we embrace digitalization, we must do so with cybersecurity at the forefront. Companies must not only prioritize efficiency but also fortify their digital infrastructure against potential attacks. 

Strong alliances, collaborative diplomacy, and international cooperation are essential to our defense strategy. Just as alliances between nations bolster our military might, alliances between industries and governments can fortify cybersecurity. By harnessing the power of cyber and soft power in harmony, we can navigate the intricate dance of modern warfare.

The time to act is now. We stand at a crossroads where the path of progress intersects with the shadows of uncertainty. The interconnectedness that has fueled our global economy is also its Achilles' heel. Cyberattacks on logistics are not a distant possibility; they are a sobering reality.

The disruption of our supply chains, the paralysis of our economies — these are the stakes we face. But history has shown us that challenges can become catalysts for innovation. We can forge a new paradigm, one where technology and diplomacy converge to safeguard our way of life.

It is a future where alliances are not just forged on battlefields, but in virtual boardrooms and digital summits, and where the strength of a nation's cybersecurity is as integral to its defense strategy as its military might.

**About the Author(s)**

Cybersecurity GRC Manager, Universal Logistics Holdings, Inc.

Chahak Mittal is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and Cybersecurity Governance, Risk, and Compliance Manager at Universal Logistics. She is a cybersecurity leader deeply committed to knowledge sharing and community engagement. Through her roles as a Judge at Globee Awards, Major League Hacking (MLH) Hackathons, and as a dedicated cybersecurity instructor volunteer in the Microsoft TEALS Program, she has actively contributed to the cybersecurity ecosystem. Chahak's active involvement in organizations such as the Information Systems Security Association and SecureWorld's Detroit Advisory Council has been instrumental in her pursuit of staying at the forefront of industry trends and challenges. Furthermore, she has channeled her insights into thought-provoking cybersecurity articles, published on SecureWorld.io, ISC2, and CyberDefense Magazine, making a meaningful contribution to the field's intellectual discourse.

Digital Blitzkrieg: Unveiling Cyber-Logistics Warfare

A flaw was found in kubevirt 0.29 and earlier. Virtual Machine Instances (VMIs) can be used to gain access to the host's filesystem. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to assume the privileges of the VM process on the host system. In worst-case scenarios an attacker can read and modify any file on the system where the VMI is running. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.

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1.  GitHub Advisory Database
2.  GitHub Reviewed
3.  CVE-2020-14316

**Privilege Escalation in kubevirt**

Critical severity GitHub Reviewed Published Apr 24, 2024 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Apr 24, 2024

**Package**

gomod kubevirt.io/kubevirt (Go)

**Affected versions**

< 0.30.0

**Description**

Published to the GitHub Advisory Database

Apr 24, 2024

Last updated

Apr 24, 2024

GHSA-828r-r2c8-rfw3: Privilege Escalation in kubevirt

The five intelligence sources that power social engineering scams.

Source: LightField Studios Inc. via Alamy Stock Photo

COMMENTARY

Social engineering is one of the most prevalent attack vectors used by cyber scammers to infiltrate organizations. These manipulative attacks typically are executed in four phases: 

1.  Information gathering (attacker gathers information about the target)
    
2.  Relationship development (attacker engages the target and earns their trust)
    
3.  Exploitation (attacker persuades the target to carry out an action)
    
4.  Execution (the information collected through exploitation is operationalized to execute the attack)
    

The first phase obviously is the most important — without the right information, it can be difficult to execute a targeted social engineering attack. 

**Five Sources of Intelligence**

So how do attackers gather data about their targets? There are five sources of intelligence cybercriminals can use to gather and analyze information about their targets. They are:

1\. OSINT (open source intelligence)

OSINT is a technique hackers use to collect and assess publicly available information about organizations and their people. Threat actors can use OSINT tools to learn about their target's IT and security infrastructure; exploitable assets such as open ports and email addresses; IP addresses; vulnerabilities in websites, servers, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices; leaked or stolen credentials; and more. Attackers weaponize this information to launch social engineering attacks.

2\. SOCMINT (social media intelligence)

Although SOCMINT is a subset of OSINT, it deserves a mention. Most people voluntarily expose personal and professional details about their lives on popular social media platforms: their headshot, their interests and hobbies, their family, friends and connections, where they live and work, their current job position, and lots of other details. Using SOCINT tools such as Social Analyzer, Whatsmyname, and NameCheckup.com, attackers can filter social media activity and information about an individual and design targeted social engineering scams. 

3\. ADINT (advertising intelligence)

Say you download a free chess app on your phone. There's a small area on the app that serves location-based ads from sponsors and event organizers, updating users on local players, events, and chess meetups. Whenever this ad gets displayed, the app shares certain details about the user with the advertising exchange service, which includes things like IP addresses, the type of operating system in use (iOS or Android), the name of the mobile phone carrier, the user's screen resolution, GPS coordinates, etc. Typically, ad exchanges store and process this information for serving up relevant ads based on user interest, activity, and location. Ad exchanges also sell this valuable data. What if a threat actor or a rogue government buys this information? That's exactly what intelligence agencies and adversaries have been doing to track activity and hack their targets. 

4\. DARKINT (Dark Web intelligence)

The Dark Web is a billion-dollar illicit marketplace transacting corporate espionage services, DIY ransomware kits, drugs and weapons, human trafficking, et al. Billions of stolen records (personally identifiable information, healthcare records, banking and transaction data, corporate data, compromised credentials) are available for purchase on the Dark Web. Threat actors can purchase off-the-shelf data and mobilize it for their social engineering schemes. They can also choose to outsource professionals who will socially engineer people on their behalf or discover hidden vulnerabilities in target organizations. In addition, there are hidden online forums and instant messaging platforms (such as Telegram) where people can access information about potential targets. 

5\. AI-INT (AI intelligence)

Some analysts are calling AI the sixth intelligence discipline, on top of the five core disciplines. With recent advancements in generative AI technology like Google Gemini and ChatGPT, it's not hard to imagine cybercriminals deploying AI tools to mine, assimilate, process, and filter information about their targets. Threat researchers are already reporting the presence of malicious AI-based tools that are popping up in Dark Web forums such as FraudGPT and WormGPT. Such tools can significantly reduce the research time for social engineers and provide actionable information they can use to execute social engineering schemes. 

**What Can Businesses Do to Mitigate Social Engineering Attacks?**

The root cause of all social engineering attacks is information and the careless handling of it. If businesses and employees can reduce their information exposure, they will lower social engineering attacks by a significant degree. Here's how:

*   Train staff monthly: Using phishing simulators and classroom training, teach employees to avoid posting sensitive or personal information about themselves, their families, their coworkers, or the organization.
    
*   Draft AI-use policies: Make it clear to employees what is acceptable and unacceptable online behavior. For example, prompting ChatGPT with a line of code or proprietary data is unacceptable; responding to unusual or suspicious requests without proper verification is unacceptable.
    
*   Leverage the same tools hackers use: Use the same intelligence sources highlighted above to proactively understand how much information about your organization, your people, and your infrastructure is available online. Develop an ongoing process to reduce that exposure.
    

Good cybersecurity hygiene begins with clamping down on root causes. The root cause behind 80% to 90% of all cyberattacks is attributed to social engineering and bad judgement. Organizations must focus on two things primarily: reducing information exposure and controlling human behavior via training exercises and education. By applying efforts in these two areas, organizations can significantly reduce their threat exposure and the potential downstream impact of that exposure.

**About the Author(s)**

Founder & CEO, KnowBe4, Inc.

Stu Sjouwerman is founder and CEO of KnowBe4, provider of the world’s largest security awareness training and simulated phishing platform used by more than 65,000 organizations around the globe. He was co-founder of Sunbelt Software, the anti-malware software company acquired in 2010. He is the author of four books, including Cyberheist: The Biggest Financial Threat Facing American Businesses.

Where Hackers Find Your Weak Spots

Over the past two years, a shocking 51% of organizations surveyed in a leading industry report have been compromised by a cyberattack. Yes, over half. 
And this, in a world where enterprises deploy an average of 53 different security solutions to safeguard their digital domain. 
Alarming? Absolutely.
A recent survey of CISOs and CIOs, commissioned by Pentera and

Pentera's 2024 Report Reveals Hundreds of Security Events per Week, Highlighting the Criticality of Continuous Validation

Thousands of exposed files on a misconfigured North Korean server hint at one way the reclusive country may evade international sanctions.

For almost a decade, Nick Roy has been scanning North Korea’s tiny internet presence, spotting new websites coming online and providing a glimpse of the Hermit Kingdoms’ digital life. However, at the end of last year, the cybersecurity researcher and DPRK blogger stumbled across something new: signs North Koreans are working on major international TV shows.

In December, Roy discovered a misconfigured cloud server on a North Korean IP address containing thousands of animation files. Included in the cache were animation cells, videos, and notes discussing the work, plus changes that needed to be made to ongoing projects. Some images appeared to be from an Amazon Prime Video superhero show and an upcoming Max (aka HBO Max) children’s anime.

The findings and security lapse—detailed in a report by the Stimson Center think tank's North Korea–focused 38 North Project, which helped analyze the findings along with Google-owned security firm Mandiant—provide a glimpse at how North Korea can use skilled IT and tech workers to raise funds for its heavily sanctioned regime. It also comes as US officials increasingly warn about North Korean IT workers infiltrating companies and their outsourcing.

North Korea’s internet is a small—and fragile—space. The repressive nation only has 1,024 IP addresses and around 30 websites that connect to the global internet. While there is a limited internal intranet, only a few thousand of the country’s 26 million people can get on the internet. When they do, it’s highly controlled: These select few North Koreans can use the internet for an hour at a time and have a person sitting next to them approving their use every five minutes.

When Roy discovered the exposed cloud server, it was being updated on a daily basis. Martyn Williams, a senior fellow on the 38 North Project who helped analyze the contents of the server, says the server likely allowed work to be sent to and from North Korean animators. The server itself is still live, but it mysteriously stopped being used at the end of February. While there is a login page, its contents can be accessed without a username and password. “I found the login page after I found all the exposed files,” Roy says.

Inside, the files contained editing comments and instructions in Chinese which were translated to Korean, the researchers write in their report. “For a lot of the animation files, we would find things like spreadsheets with details of the workflow,” Williams says. A sample of the files shared with WIRED show detailed anime images and video clips, with notes for the authors and date stamps on various files. In one instance, the report says, an animator was “asked to improve the shape of the character’s head.”

Based on the documents and drawings, the researchers were able to identify some of the shows and projects the North Koreans were working on. Some of the projects included work from season 3 of the Amazon show _Invincible_, which is produced by California-based Skybound Entertainment. There were also documents linked to Max and Cartoon Network show _Iyanu: Child of Wonder_, produced by YouNeek Studios, as well as files from a Japanese anime series and an animation studio in Japan.

Some file names gave away clues about the series and episode numbers. There were also files and projects the researchers could not identify—including a “bunch of files” with videos of horses and a Russian book on horses, Williams says.

Sanctions placed upon the North Korean regime, for its ongoing human rights abuses and nuclear warfare programs, prohibit US companies from working with DPRK companies or individuals. However, the researchers say it is highly unlikely that any companies involved would have a clue about North Korean animators working on the shows, and there is nothing suggesting the companies violated any sanctions or other laws. “It is likely that the contracting arrangement was several steps downstream from the major producers,” the report says.

Spokespeople for Amazon and Max spokesperson declined to comment for this story. YouNeek Studios did not respond to a request for comment.

“We do not work with North Korean companies, or Chinese companies on _Invincible_, or any affiliated entities, and have no knowledge of any North Korean or Chinese companies working on _Invincible_,” a spokesperson for Skybound Entertainment says. “We take any claims very seriously and have commenced an investigation into this.” In a post on X, the company characterized the findings as “unconfirmed” and said it is working with authorities to investigate.

Williams says it is possible that a front company in China is used to help disguise the activity and involvement of North Koreans. The researchers were able to analyze connections to the exposed server and, despite most having their location masked by a VPN, spotted access from Spain and three Chinese cities. “All three cities are known to have many North Korean–operated businesses and are main centers for North Korea’s IT workers who live overseas,” the report says.

While Williams says the researchers did not find any identifiable names of North Korean organizations buried in the files, the country has a well-established animation company called April 26 Animation Studio, which is also known as SEK Studio. Originally set up in the 1950s, the studio has worked on hundreds of international TV shows and movies.

However, in recent years, the US Treasury Department has sanctioned SEK Studios, individuals linked to it, and various “front companies” that it says are used to “work for foreign customers.” Many of these have links to China, according to the sanctions. “SEK Studio has utilized an assortment of front companies to evade sanctions targeting the government of the DPRK and to deceive international financial institutions,” a statement issued as part of the sanctions in 2021 says.

The main aim of these efforts, says Michael Barnhart, a North Korea researcher at Mandiant, is to raise money for the North Korean regime. The country’s hackers and scammers have stolen and extorted billions of dollars to help fund its military ambitions in recent years, including from huge cryptocurrency heists. In early 2022, the FBI issued a 16-page alert warning companies that remote North Korean freelance IT workers were infiltrating businesses to earn money they could funnel back home.

“The volume is much higher than we were expecting,” Barnhart says of North Korea’s IT workers. They are constantly changing their tactics to avoid being caught, he says. “We had one not too long ago, where during the interview, the person’s mouth was just off-frame. You could tell that someone in the background was speaking on their behalf.” Technically, Barnhart says, companies should verify their remote workers’ devices and make sure that there is no remote software connecting to a company laptop or network. Businesses should also put extra efforts at the hiring stage by training HR staff to detect possible IT workers.

However, he says, increasingly there is a greater crossover between North Korean IT workers and individuals who are members of known hacking groups or classified as advanced persistent threats (APTs). “The more we focus on IT workers, the more we’re starting to see APT operators and efforts blending in with those,” he says. “This might be the most quick learning-on-your-feet, nimble nation-state that I've ever seen.”

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