Headline
CVE-2023-2828: CVE-2023-2828
Every named instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the max-cache-size statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.
It has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to be significantly exceeded.
This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1.
CVE-2023-2828: named’s configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded
- Updated on 21 Jun 2023
- 3 Minutes to read
- Contributors
Print
Share
Dark
Light
CVE: CVE-2023-2828
Document version: 2.0
Posting date: 21 June 2023
Program impacted: BIND 9
Versions affected:
BIND
- 9.11.0 -> 9.16.41
- 9.18.0 -> 9.18.15
- 9.19.0 -> 9.19.13
BIND Supported Preview Edition
- 9.11.3-S1 -> 9.16.41-S1
- 9.18.11-S1 -> 9.18.15-S1
(Versions prior to 9.11.37 & 9.11.37-S1 were not assessed, but we believe that all versions of BIND 9.11 are vulnerable. Some even older major branches may be vulnerable as well.)
Severity: High
Exploitable: Remotely
Description:
Every named instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the max-cache-size statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.
It has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to be significantly exceeded.
Impact:
By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can cause the amount of memory used by a named resolver to go well beyond the configured max-cache-size limit. The effectiveness of the attack depends on a number of factors (e.g. query load, query patterns), but since the default value of the max-cache-size statement is 90%, in the worst case the attacker can exhaust all available memory on the host running named, leading to a denial-of-service condition.
CVSS Score: 7.5
CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
For more information on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System and to obtain your specific environmental score please visit: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln-metrics/cvss/v3-calculator?vector=AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H&version=3.1.
Workarounds:
No workarounds known.
Active exploits:
We are not aware of any active exploits.
Solution:
Upgrade to the patched release most closely related to your current version of BIND 9:
- 9.16.42
- 9.18.16
- 9.19.14
BIND Supported Preview Edition is a special feature preview branch of BIND provided to eligible ISC support customers.
- 9.16.42-S1
- 9.18.16-S1
Acknowledgments:
ISC would like to thank Shoham Danino from Reichman University, Anat Bremler-Barr from Tel-Aviv University, Yehuda Afek from Tel-Aviv University, and Yuval Shavitt from Tel-Aviv University for bringing this vulnerability to our attention.
Document revision history:
- 1.0 Early Notification, 14 June 2023
- 2.0 Public disclosure, 21 June 2023
Related documents:
See our BIND 9 Security Vulnerability Matrix for a complete listing of security vulnerabilities and versions affected.
Do you still have questions? Questions regarding this advisory should be mailed to [email protected]. To report a new issue, please encrypt your message using [email protected]’s PGP key, which can be found here: https://www.isc.org/pgpkey/. If you are unable to use encrypted email you may also report new issues at: https://www.isc.org/reportbug/.
Note:
ISC patches only currently supported versions. When possible we indicate EOL versions affected. For current information on which versions are actively supported, please see https://www.isc.org/download/.
ISC Security Vulnerability Disclosure Policy:
Details of our current security advisory policy and practice can be found in the ISC Software Defect and Security Vulnerability Disclosure Policy at https://kb.isc.org/docs/aa-00861.
The Knowledgebase article https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2023-2828 is the complete and official security advisory document.
Legal Disclaimer:
Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) is providing this notice on an “AS IS” basis. No warranty or guarantee of any kind is expressed in this notice and none should be implied. ISC expressly excludes and disclaims any warranties regarding this notice or materials referred to in this notice, including, without limitation, any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, absence of hidden defects, or of non-infringement. Your use or reliance on this notice or materials referred to in this notice is at your own risk. ISC may change this notice at any time. A stand-alone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the document URL is an uncontrolled copy. Uncontrolled copies may lack important information, be out of date, or contain factual errors.
Related news
Atlassian and the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) have disclosed several security flaws impacting their products that could be exploited to achieve denial-of-service (DoS) and remote code execution. The Australian software services provider said that the four high-severity flaws were fixed in new versions shipped last month. This includes - CVE-2022-25647 (CVSS score: 7.5) - A deserialization
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-5103-01 - OpenShift Virtualization is Red Hat's virtualization solution designed for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform. This advisory contains OpenShift Virtualization 4.11.6 images.
Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes 2.1.8 General Availability release images, which fix bugs and update container images. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Critical. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE links in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-3089: A compliance problem was found in the Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform. Red Hat discovered that, when FIPS mode was enabled, not all of the cryptographic modules in use were FIPS-validated. * CVE-2023-37466: A flaw was found in the vm2 Promise handler sanitization, which allows attackers to esc...
The Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) 1.7.12 is now available. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-24532: A flaw was found in the crypto/internal/nistec golang library. The ScalarMult and ScalarBaseMult methods of the P256 Curve may return an incorrect result if called with some specific unreduced scalars, such as a scalar larger than the order of the curve. This does not impact usages of crypto/ecdsa or crypto/ecdh.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4650-01 - Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes 2.2.7 images Multicluster engine for Kubernetes provides the foundational components that are necessary for the centralized management of multiple Kubernetes-based clusters across data centers, public clouds, and private clouds. You can use the engine to create new Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform clusters or to bring existing Kubernetes-based clusters under management by importing them. After the clusters are managed, you can use the APIs that are provided by the engine to distribute configuration based on placement policy.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4624-01 - Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh is Red Hat's distribution of the Istio service mesh project, tailored for installation into an on-premise OpenShift Container Platform installation. Issues addressed include a memory leak vulnerability.
Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.4.2 Containers Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-35941: A flaw was found in Envoy, where a malicious client can construct credentials with permanent validity in a specific scenario. This issue is caused by some rare scenarios, such as the combination of host and expiration time, in which the HMAC payload can always be valid in the OAuth2 filter's HMAC check. * CVE-2023-35943: A flaw was found in Envoy. Suppose an origin he...
Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2.3.6 Containers Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-35941: A flaw was found in Envoy, where a malicious client can construct credentials with permanent validity in a specific scenario. This issue is caused by some rare scenarios, such as the combination of host and expiration time, in which the HMAC payload can always be valid in the OAuth2 filter's HMAC check. * CVE-2023-35942: A flaw was found in Envoy, where gRPC access lo...
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4310-01 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform is Red Hat's cloud computing Kubernetes application platform solution designed for on-premise or private cloud deployments. This advisory contains the container images for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.11.46. Issues addressed include denial of service and out of bounds read vulnerabilities.
An update for bind is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Telecommunications Update Service, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-2828: A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a ...
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4226-01 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform is Red Hat's cloud computing Kubernetes application platform solution designed for on-premise or private cloud deployments. This advisory contains the container images for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13.6.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4225-01 - Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform is Red Hat's cloud computing Kubernetes application platform solution designed for on-premise or private cloud deployments. This advisory contains the RPM packages for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13.6.
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform release 4.13.6 is now available with updates to packages and images that fix several bugs. This release includes a security update for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of [impact]. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2022-41723: A flaw was found in golang. A maliciously crafted HTTP/2 stream could cause excessive CPU consumption in the HPACK decoder, sufficient to cause a denial of service from a small number of small requests.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4154-01 - The Berkeley Internet Name Domain is an implementation of the Domain Name System protocols. BIND includes a DNS server ; a resolver library ; and tools for verifying that the DNS server is operating correctly.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4152-01 - The Berkeley Internet Name Domain is an implementation of the Domain Name System protocols. BIND includes a DNS server ; a resolver library ; and tools for verifying that the DNS server is operating correctly.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4153-01 - The Berkeley Internet Name Domain is an implementation of the Domain Name System protocols. BIND includes a DNS server ; a resolver library ; and tools for verifying that the DNS server is operating correctly.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4100-01 - The Berkeley Internet Name Domain is an implementation of the Domain Name System protocols. BIND includes a DNS server ; a resolver library ; and tools for verifying that the DNS server is operating correctly.
An update for bind is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-2828: A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to exceed significantly.
An update for bind is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Telecommunications Update Service, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-2828: A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, ef...
An update for bind is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1 Update Services for SAP Solutions. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-2828: A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to exceed significantly.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4037-01 - An update for bind9.16 is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support.
An update for bind9.16 is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-2828: A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to exceed significantly.
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-4005-02 - The Berkeley Internet Name Domain is an implementation of the Domain Name System protocols. BIND includes a DNS server ; a resolver library ; and tools for verifying that the DNS server is operating correctly.
An update for bind is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Extended Update Support. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-2828: A vulnerability was found in BIND. The effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in named can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured max-cache-size limit to exceed significantly.
Debian Linux Security Advisory 5439-1 - Several vulnerabilities were discovered in BIND, a DNS server implementation.
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency has added a batch of six flaws to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, citing evidence of active exploitation. This comprises three vulnerabilities that Apple patched this week (CVE-2023-32434, CVE-2023-32435, and CVE-2023-32439), two flaws in VMware (CVE-2023-20867 and CVE-2023-20887), and one shortcoming impacting Zyxel
Ubuntu Security Notice 6183-1 - Shoham Danino, Anat Bremler-Barr, Yehuda Afek, and Yuval Shavitt discovered that Bind incorrectly handled the cache size limit. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to consume memory, leading to a denial of service. It was discovered that Bind incorrectly handled the recursive-clients quota. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to cause Bind to crash, resulting in a denial of service. This issue only affected Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Ubuntu 22.10, and Ubuntu 23.04.