#ssl

Electronic health records (EHRs) have become crucial tools for storing and managing patient information. These digital records contain…

In Zend Framework, Zend_Captcha_Word (v1) and Zend\Captcha\Word (v2) generate a "word" for a CAPTCHA challenge by selecting a sequence of random letters from a character set. Prior to this advisory, the selection was performed using PHP's internal array_rand() function. This function does not generate sufficient entropy due to its usage of rand() instead of more cryptographically secure methods such as openssl_pseudo_random_bytes(). This could potentially lead to information disclosure should an attacker be able to brute force the random number generation.

We discovered several methods used to generate random numbers in ZF1 that potentially used insufficient entropy. These random number generators are used in the following method calls: ``` Zend_Ldap_Attribute::createPassword Zend_Form_Element_Hash::_generateHash Zend_Gdata_HttpClient::filterHttpRequest Zend_Filter_Encrypt_Mcrypt::_srand Zend_OpenId::randomBytes ``` In each case, the methods were using rand() or mt_rand(), neither of which can generate cryptographically secure values. This could potentially lead to information disclosure should an attacker be able to brute force the random number generation. Moreover, we discovered a potential security issue in the usage of the [openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()](http://php.net/manual/en/function.openssl-random-pseudo-bytes.php) function in Zend_Crypt_Math::randBytes, reported in PHP BUG [#70014](https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=70014), and the security implications reported in a discussion [on the random_compat library.](https://github.com/...

In Zend Framework, `Zend_Captcha_Word` (v1) and `Zend\Captcha\Word` (v2) generate a "word" for a CAPTCHA challenge by selecting a sequence of random letters from a character set. Prior to this advisory, the selection was performed using PHP's internal `array_rand()` function. This function does not generate sufficient entropy due to its usage of rand() instead of more cryptographically secure methods such as `openssl_pseudo_random_bytes()`. This could potentially lead to information disclosure should an attacker be able to brute force the random number generation.

In Zend Framework, `Zend_Captcha_Word` (v1) and `Zend\Captcha\Word` (v2) generate a "word" for a CAPTCHA challenge by selecting a sequence of random letters from a character set. Prior to this advisory, the selection was performed using PHP's `internal array_rand()` function. This function does not generate sufficient entropy due to its usage of `rand()` instead of more cryptographically secure methods such as `openssl_pseudo_random_bytes()`. This could potentially lead to information disclosure should an attacker be able to brute force the random number generation.

In Zend Framework 2, the `Zend\Math\Rand` component generates random bytes using the OpenSSL or Mcrypt extensions when available but will otherwise use PHP's `mt_rand()` function as a fallback. All outputs from `mt_rand()` are predictable for the same PHP process if an attacker can brute force the seed used by the Marsenne-Twister algorithm in a Seed Recovery Attack. This attack can be successfully applied with minimum effort if the attacker has access to either a random number from `mt_rand()` or a Session ID generated without using additional entropy. This makes `mt_rand()` unsuitable for generating non-trivial random bytes since it has Insufficient Entropy to protect against brute force attacks on the seed. The `Zend\Validate\Csrf` component generates CSRF tokens by SHA1 hashing a salt, random number possibly generated using `mt_rand()` and a form name. Where the salt is known, an attacker can brute force the SHA1 hash with minimum effort to discover the random number when `mt_rand...

OpenSSL is a robust, fully featured Open Source toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols with full-strength cryptography world-wide.

OpenSSL is a robust, fully featured Open Source toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols with full-strength cryptography world-wide.

OpenSSL is a robust, fully featured Open Source toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols with full-strength cryptography world-wide.

OpenSSL is a robust, fully featured Open Source toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols with full-strength cryptography world-wide.