Security
Headlines
HeadlinesLatestCVEs

Headline

DPRK Uses Microsoft Zero-Day in No-Click Toast Attacks

The “Code-on-Toast” supply chain cyberattacks by APT37 delivered data-stealing malware to users in South Korea who had enabled Toast pop-up ads.

DARKReading
#vulnerability#web#android#google#microsoft#intel#pdf#auth#zero_day#ruby

Source: Eric Anthony Johnson via Alamy Stock Photo

The North Korea-backed advanced persistent threat known as APT37 exploited a zero-day vulnerability in Microsoft’s Internet Explorer Web browser over the summer, using it to mount a zero-click supply chain campaign on South Korean targets, researchers revealed.

While IE reached end of life in 2022 and many organizations don’t use it anymore, there are plenty of legacy applications that do. In this case, APT37 (aka RedAnt, RedEyes, ScarCruft, and Group123) specifically targeted a Toast ad program that is usually installed alongside various free software, according to AhnLab SEcurity intelligence Center (ASEC). “Toasts” are pop-up notifications that appear at the right-bottom of a PC screen.

“Many Toast ad programs use a feature called WebView to render Web content for displaying ads,” according to AhnLab researchers. “However, WebView operates based on a browser. Therefore, if the program creator used IE-based WebView to write the code, IE vulnerabilities could also be exploited in the program.”

A Hot-Buttered Zero-Click Toast Exploit

According to AhnLab’s analysis released last week, the state-sponsored cyberattack group compromised an ad agency, and then used the bug, tracked as CVE-2024-38178 (CVSS 7.5), to inject malicious code into the Toast script the agency uses to download ad content to people’s desktops. Instead of ads, the script began delivering malware.

Related:South Korean APT Exploits 1-Click WPS Office Bug, Nabs Chinese Intel

“This vulnerability is exploited when the ad program downloads and renders the ad content,” the researchers explained in their report on the attack, which they called “Code on Toast.” “As a result, a zero-click attack occurred without any interaction from the user.”

The malware delivered is the RokRAT, which APT37 has consistently used in the past.

“After infecting the system, various malicious behaviors can be performed, such as remote commands,” the researchers noted, adding, “In this attack, the organization also uses Ruby to secure malicious activity persistence and performs command control through a commercial cloud server.”

The campaign had the potential to cause significant damage, they said, but the attack was detected early. “In addition, security measures were also taken against other Toast advertising programs that were confirmed to have the potential for exploitation before the vulnerability patch version was released,” according to AhnLab.

IE Lurks in Apps, Remains a Cyber Threat

Microsoft patched the bug in its August Patch Tuesday update slate, but the continued use of IE as a built-in component or related module within other applications remains a concerning attack vector, and an incentive for hackers to continue to acquire IE zero-day vulnerabilities.

Related:BlankBot Trojan Targets Turkish Android Users

“Such attacks are not only difficult to defend against with users’ attention or antivirus, but can also have a large impact depending on the exploited software,” AhnLab researchers explained in the report (PDF, Korean).

They added, “Recently, the technological level of North Korean hacking groups is becoming more advanced, and attacks that exploit various vulnerabilities other than IE are gradually increasing.”

Accordingly, users should make sure to keep operating systems and software up to date, but “software manufacturers should also be careful not to use development libraries and modules that are vulnerable to security when developing products,” they concluded.

Translation provided by Google Translate.

About the Author

Tara Seals has 20+ years of experience as a journalist, analyst and editor in the cybersecurity, communications and technology space. Prior to Dark Reading, Tara was Editor in Chief at Threatpost, and prior to that, the North American news lead for Infosecurity Magazine. She also spent 13 years working for Informa (formerly Virgo Publishing), as executive editor and editor-in-chief at publications focused on both the service provider and the enterprise arenas. A Texas native, she holds a B.A. from Columbia University, lives in Western Massachusetts with her family and is on a never-ending quest for good Mexican food in the Northeast.

Related news

THN Cybersecurity Recap: Top Threats, Tools and News (Oct 14 - Oct 20)

Hi there! Here’s your quick update on the latest in cybersecurity. Hackers are using new tricks to break into systems we thought were secure—like finding hidden doors in locked houses. But the good news? Security experts are fighting back with smarter tools to keep data safe. Some big companies were hit with attacks, while others fixed their vulnerabilities just in time. It's a constant battle.

North Korean ScarCruft Exploits Windows Zero-Day to Spread RokRAT Malware

The North Korean threat actor known as ScarCruft has been linked to the zero-day exploitation of a now-patched security flaw in Windows to infect devices with malware known as RokRAT. The vulnerability in question is CVE-2024-38178 (CVSS score: 7.5), a memory corruption bug in the Scripting Engine that could result in remote code execution when using the Edge browser in Internet Explorer Mode.

Microsoft Issues Patches for 90 Flaws, Including 10 Critical Zero-Day Exploits

Microsoft on Tuesday shipped fixes to address a total of 90 security flaws, including 10 zero-days, of which six have come under active exploitation in the wild. Of the 90 bugs, seven are rated Critical, 79 are rated Important, and one is rated Moderate in severity. This is also in addition to 36 vulnerabilities that the tech giant resolved in its Edge browser since last month. The Patch Tuesday

Six 0-Days Lead Microsoft’s August 2024 Patch Push

Microsoft today released updates to fix at least 90 security vulnerabilities in Windows and related software, including a whopping six zero-day flaws that are already being actively exploited by attackers.

Talos discovers Microsoft kernel mode driver vulnerabilities that could lead to SYSTEM privileges; Seven other critical issues disclosed

The most serious of the issues included in August’s Patch Tuesday is CVE-2024-38063, a remote code execution vulnerability in Windows TCP/IP.

DARKReading: Latest News

EmeraldWhale's Massive Git Breach Highlights Config Gaps