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Attackers Are Probing for Zero-Day Vulns in Edge Infrastructure Products

Nearly 20% of the zero-day flaws that attackers exploited in 2022 were in network, security, and IT management products, Mandiant says.

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An analysis of data associated with zero-day attacks in 2022 suggests that threat actors are increasingly probing for security weaknesses in edge-infrastructure technologies, including VPNs, firewalls, and IT management products.

Researchers from Mandiant tracked a total of 55 zero-day vulnerabilities that adversaries exploited in various malicious campaigns last year and found that 10 of them involved an Internet-facing edge device.

Among them were CVE-2022-1040 and CVE-2022-3236 in Sophos firewalls, CVE-2022-20821 in Cisco IOS, CVE-2022-42474 and CVE-2022-41226 in Fortinet’s FortiOS, CVE-2022-288810 in Zoho ManageEngine, and CVE-2022-35247 in SolarWinds Serv-u.

Hunting on the Edge

Casey Charrier, Mandiant senior analyst at Google Cloud, says adversaries are focusing on edge technologies likely because they perceive enterprise organizations as having fewer capabilities around endpoint detection and response (EDR) than they have around network monitoring.

“That’s definitely an element that we assess is a focus of Chinese threat groups right now,” Charrier says. “As more organizations integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices into their environment, they’ll need to take this into consideration when evaluating security tools and the security of these devices.”

The 55 zero-days that Mandiant observed adversaries using in 2022 are fewer than the all-time high of 81 that its researchers observed in 2021. Even so, the number was nearly three times higher than the 20 zero-days Mandiant observed being exploited in 2020.

Chinese Actors Continue to Be Most Active Exploiters of Zero-Days

As has been the case for some time now, Chinese state-sponsored threat groups exploited more zero-days in 2022 than any other threat group. Of the 13 zero-days that Mandiant was able to identify as likely exploited by a state-backed group, seven — or more than half — involved a Chinese advanced persistent threat (APT) group.

One example is CVE-2022-30190, a vulnerability in the Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool that enables remote code execution (RCE) via malicious Office documents, even when a user might have disabled macros. Chinese threat actors used the vulnerability, also referred to as “Follina,” in numerous threat campaigns throughout the year, making it one of the most heavily exploited flaws of 2022.

Several of the zero-days that Chinese state actors leveraged in attacks last year targeted network devices. One example is CVE-2022-42475, a buffer-overflow flaw in FortiOS SSL VPN technology that a China-based actor used in a campaign last year to deliver a highly customized tool for exploiting Fortinet’s FortiGate firewalls. Another flaw in this category that a Chinese actor abused is CVE-2022-41328, a path traversal vulnerability in FortiOS. Mandiant observed a Chinese group identified as UNC3886 exploiting the vulnerability in a potential cyber-espionage campaign. The same actor was previously associated with an attack campaign targeting VMware ESXi hypervisors using a new technique with malicious vSphere Installation Bundles.

Mandiant said it also observed zero-day exploit activity involving North Korean threat actors ticking up slightly in 2022 compared with previous years. The two zero-days that Mandiant identified North Korean actors exploiting were: CVE-2022-0609, a Google Chrome vulnerability that a North Korean group exploited in a campaign targeting the high tech, media, and financial sectors, and CVE-2022-41128, an RCE in Windows Server that North Korea’s APT37 exploited in a phishing campaign.

Financially Motivated Cyberattackers Want in on the Action Too

Financially motivated threat actors continued to be another set of adversaries that actively exploited zero-day vulnerabilities last year, though not to the same extent as in 2021. Of the 16 zero-days for which Mandiant was able to attribute a motive, four were used in financially motivated attacks. Many of these attacks involved ransomware deployments. Examples include CVE-2022-29499, an RCE flaw in a Mitel VoIP appliance that a threat actor used to deploy Lorenz ransomware, and CVE-2022-41091, i.e. a Windows Mark of the Web flaw that the operator of the Magniber ransomware used in one campaign.

Since 2019, zero-day exploit activity involving ransomware groups has been increasing, says Charrier. “This is the case for a variety of reasons,” Charrier notes. “For one, ransomware, as a proportion of all financially motivated activity, has continued to grow and take over the criminal ecosystem. Second, it can be more obfuscated in terms of tracking the money as well as tracking any sort of victim payments.”

Microsoft, Google, and Apple topped the charts — as they always have — in terms of the number of zero-day vulnerabilities in their respective products. The three vendors together accounted for 37 of the 55 zero-days that Mandiant tracked last year. Fifteen of the zero-days in operating systems affected Windows and nine out of 11 browser zero-days were in Google Chrome.

At the same time, the number of zero-days that threat actors found and exploited in other technologies grew as well. As zero-day numbers increase, so do the number of vendors that are victims, Charrier says: “While the top three targeted vendors remain consistent, the variety of additional targeted vendors generally continues to expand and vary each year.”

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Attackers target Ukraine using GoMet backdoor

Executive summary Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine began, Ukrainians have been under a nearly constant barrage of cyber attacks. Working jointly with Ukrainian organizations, Cisco Talos has discovered a fairly uncommon piece of malware targeting Ukraine — this time aimed at a large software development company whose software is used in various state organizations within Ukraine. We believe that this campaign is likely sourced by Russian state-sponsored actors or those acting in their interests. As this firm is involved in software development, we cannot ignore the possibility that the perpetrating threat actor's intent was to gain access to source a supply chain-style attack, though at this time we do not have any evidence that they were successful. Cisco Talos confirmed that the malware is a slightly modified version of the open-source backdoor named "GoMet." The malware was first observed on March 28, 2022. GoMet backdoor The story of this backdoor is rather curious — ther...

Hackers Exploiting Follina Bug to Deploy Rozena Backdoor

A newly observed phishing campaign is leveraging the recently disclosed Follina security vulnerability to distribute a previously undocumented backdoor on Windows systems. "Rozena is a backdoor malware that is capable of injecting a remote shell connection back to the attacker's machine," Fortinet FortiGuard Labs researcher Cara Lin said in a report this week. Tracked as CVE-2022-30190, the

Why Browser Vulnerabilities Are a Serious Threat — and How to Minimize Your Risk

As a result of browser market consolidation, adversaries can focus on uncovering vulnerabilities in just two main browser engines.

Google Chrome WebRTC Zero-Day Faces Active Exploitation

The heap buffer-overflow issue in Chrome for Android could be used for DoS, code execution, and more.

Google Patches Actively Exploited Chrome Bug

The heap buffer overflow issue in the browser’s WebRTC engine could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code.

Update Google Chrome Browser to Patch New Zero-Day Exploit Detected in the Wild

Google on Monday shipped security updates to address a high-severity zero-day vulnerability in its Chrome web browser that it said is being exploited in the wild. The shortcoming, tracked as CVE-2022-2294, relates to a heap overflow flaw in the WebRTC component that provides real-time audio and video communication capabilities in browsers without the need to install plugins or download native

CISA Warns of Active Exploitation of 'PwnKit' Linux Vulnerability in the Wild

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) this week moved to add a Linux vulnerability dubbed PwnKit to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, citing evidence of active exploitation. The issue, tracked as CVE-2021-4034 (CVSS score: 7.8), came to light in January 2022 and concerns a case of local privilege escalation in polkit's pkexec utility, which allows an

Mitel VoIP Bug Exploited in Ransomware Attacks

Researchers warn threat actors are using a novel remote code execution exploit to gain initial access to victim’s environments.

Hackers Exploit Mitel VoIP Zero-Day Bug to Deploy Ransomware

A suspected ransomware intrusion against an unnamed target leveraged a Mitel VoIP appliance as an entry point to achieve remote code execution and gain initial access to the environment. The findings come from cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike, which traced the source of the attack to a Linux-based Mitel VoIP device sitting on the network perimeter, while also identifying a previously unknown

Security vulnerabilities: 5 times that organizations got hacked

In this post, we break down 5 times hackers used security vulnerabilities in 2021 to attack governments and businesses. The post Security vulnerabilities: 5 times that organizations got hacked appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Chinese Hackers Exploited Sophos Firewall Zero-Day Flaw to Target South Asian Entity

A sophisticated Chinese advanced persistent threat (APT) actor exploited a critical security vulnerability in Sophos' firewall product that came to light earlier this year to infiltrate an unnamed South Asian target as part of a highly-targeted attack. "The attacker implement[ed] an interesting web shell backdoor, create[d] a secondary form of persistence, and ultimately launch[ed] attacks

Update now!  Microsoft patches Follina, and many other security updates

Patch Tuesday for June 2022 brought a fix for Follina and many other security vulnerabilities. Time to figure out what needs to be prioritized. The post Update now!  Microsoft patches Follina, and many other security updates appeared first on Malwarebytes Labs.

Microsoft Patch Tuesday, June 2022 Edition

Microsoft on Tuesday released software updates to fix 60 security vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and other software, including a zero-day flaw in all supported Microsoft Office versions on all flavors of Windows that's seen active exploitation for at least two months now. On a lighter note, Microsoft is officially retiring its Internet Explorer (IE) web browser, which turns 27 years old this year.

Patch Tuesday: Microsoft Issues Fix for Actively Exploited 'Follina' Vulnerability

Microsoft officially released fixes to address an actively exploited Windows zero-day vulnerability known as Follina as part of its Patch Tuesday updates. Also addressed by the tech giant are 55 other flaws, three of which are rated Critical, 51 are rated Important, and one is rated Moderate in severity. Separately, five other shortcomings were resolved in the Microsoft Edge browser. <!-

Follina Exploited by State-Sponsored Hackers

A government-aligned attacker tried using a Microsoft vulnerability to attack U.S. and E.U. government targets.

Threat Source newsletter (June 2, 2022) — An RSA Conference primer

By Jon Munshaw.  Welcome to this week’s edition of the Threat Source newsletter.  Many of you readers may be gearing up for a West Coast swing over the next few weeks through San Francisco and Las Vegas for RSA and Cisco Live, respectively. And we’re right behind you!   Talos... [[ This is only the beginning! Please visit the blog for the complete entry ]]

Unofficial Micropatch for Follina Released as Chinese Hackers Exploit the 0-day

By Waqas The Follina vulnerability was originally discovered after a malicious Microsoft Word document was uploaded on VirusTotal from a… This is a post from HackRead.com Read the original post: Unofficial Micropatch for Follina Released as Chinese Hackers Exploit the 0-day

Chinese Hackers Begin Exploiting Latest Microsoft Office Zero-Day Vulnerability

An advanced persistent threat (APT) actor aligned with Chinese state interests has been observed weaponizing the new zero-day flaw in Microsoft Office to achieve code execution on affected systems. "TA413 CN APT spotted [in-the-wild] exploiting the Follina zero-day using URLs to deliver ZIP archives which contain Word Documents that use the technique," enterprise security firm Proofpoint said in

New Microsoft Zero-Day Attack Underway

"Follina" vulnerability in Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) affects all currently supported Windows versions and can be triggered via specially crafted Office documents.

CVE-2022-20821: Cisco Security Advisory: Cisco IOS XR Software Health Check Open Port Vulnerability

A vulnerability in the health check RPM of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access the Redis instance that is running within the NOSi container. This vulnerability exists because the health check RPM opens TCP port 6379 by default upon activation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by connecting to the Redis instance on the open port. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to write to the Redis in-memory database, write arbitrary files to the container filesystem, and retrieve information about the Redis database. Given the configuration of the sandboxed container that the Redis instance runs in, a remote attacker would be unable to execute remote code or abuse the integrity of the Cisco IOS XR Software host system.

Cisco Issues Patch for New IOS XR Zero-Day Vulnerability Exploited in the Wild

Cisco on Friday rolled out fixes for a medium-severity vulnerability affecting IOS XR Software that it said has been exploited in real-world attacks. Tracked as CVE-2022-20821 (CVSS score: 6.5), the issue relates to an open port vulnerability that could be abused by an unauthenticated, remote attacker to connect to a Redis instance and achieve code execution. "A successful exploit could allow

CVE-2022-29855: Security Advisories

Mitel 6800 and 6900 Series SIP phone devices through 2022-04-27 have "undocumented functionality." A vulnerability in Mitel 6800 Series and 6900 Series SIP phones excluding 6970, versions 5.1 SP8 (5.1.0.8016) and earlier, and 6.0 (6.0.0.368) through 6.1 HF4 (6.1.0.165), could allow a unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the phone to gain root access due to insufficient access control for test functionality during system startup. A successful exploit could allow access to sensitive information and code execution.

CVE-2022-29855: Security Advisories

Mitel 6800 and 6900 Series SIP phone devices through 2022-04-27 have "undocumented functionality." A vulnerability in Mitel 6800 Series and 6900 Series SIP phones excluding 6970, versions 5.1 SP8 (5.1.0.8016) and earlier, and 6.0 (6.0.0.368) through 6.1 HF4 (6.1.0.165), could allow a unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the phone to gain root access due to insufficient access control for test functionality during system startup. A successful exploit could allow access to sensitive information and code execution.

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US Ban on TP-Link Routers More About Politics Than Exploitation Risk