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Attackers Have 'Favorite' Vulnerabilities to Exploit
While attackers continue to rely on older, unpatched vulnerabilities, many are jumping on new vulnerabilities as soon as they are disclosed.
Attackers play favorites when looking at which software vulnerabilities to target, according to researchers from Palo Alto Networks.
Nearly one in three, or 31%, of incidents analyzed by Unit 42 in its 2022 “Incident Response Report” resulted from attackers gaining access to the enterprise environment by exploiting a software vulnerability. Six CVE categories accounted for more than 87% of vulnerabilities being exploited: ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207), Log4j, ProxyLogon (CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27065), multiple vulnerabilities in SonicWall and Fortinet products, and a vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus (CVE-2021-40539).
In 55% of incidents where Unit 42 was able to identify the vulnerability, the attackers had targeted ProxyShell. Just 14% of those cases involved Log4j. Unit 42 researchers analyzed data from a sampling of over 600 incident response engagements between April 2021 and May 2022 for the report.
While attackers continue to rely on older, unpatched vulnerabilities, many are looking at new vulnerabilities as well. Scanning for vulnerabilities is not a difficult task, so attackers begin scanning for systems with a newly disclosed vulnerability as soon as they learn about them.
“The 2021 Attack Surface Management Threat Report [released in April] found that attackers typically start scanning for vulnerabilities within 15 minutes of a CVE being announced,” the company said in blog post accompanying the incident response report. “In fact, it can practically coincide with the reveal if the vulnerabilities themselves and the access that can be achieved by exploiting them are significant enough.”
As an example, researchers detected scanning and exploitation attempts targeting the authentication bypass vulnerability in F5 BIG-IP appliances (CVE-2022-1388) 2,552 times within 10 hours.
Exploiting software vulnerabilities was the second most common attack method, according to the Unit 42 analysis. The top access vector was phishing. Brute-force credential attacks, primarily targeting Remote Desktop Protocol, rounded out the top three. These three attack vectors made up more than three-quarters of incidents (77%) analyzed in the incident response report.
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Update August 25, 2021: Microsoft strongly recommends that you update your servers with the most recent security updates available. CVE-2021-34473 (ProxyShell) CVE-2021-34523 (ProxyShell) CVE-2021-33766 Today is Update Tuesday – our commitment to provide a predictable monthly schedule to release updates and provide the latest protection to our customers. Update Tuesday is a monthly cycle when Microsoft releases patches for vulnerabilities that we have found proactively or that have been disclosed to us through our security partnerships under a coordinated vulnerability disclosure.
This guidance will help customers address threats taking advantage of the recently disclosed Microsoft Exchange Server on-premises vulnerabilities CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-26857, and CVE-2021-27065, which are being exploited. We strongly urge customers to immediately update systems. Failing to address these vulnerabilities can result in compromise of your on-premises Exchange Server and, potentially, other parts of your internal network.
We have been actively working with customers through our customer support teams, third-party hosters, and partner network to help them secure their environments and respond to associated threats from the recent Exchange Server on-premises attacks. Based on these engagements we realized that there was a need for a simple, easy to use, automated solution that would meet the needs of customers using both current and out-of-support versions of on-premises Exchange Server.
Update March 15, 2021: If you have not yet patched, and have not applied the mitigations referenced below, a one-click tool, the Exchange On-premises Mitigation Tool is now our recommended path to mitigate until you can patch. Microsoft previously blogged our strong recommendation that customers upgrade their on-premises Exchange environments to the latest supported version.
Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2021-26412, CVE-2021-26854, CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, CVE-2021-27078.
On March 2nd, we released several security updates for Microsoft Exchange Server to address vulnerabilities that are being used in ongoing attacks. Due to the critical nature of these vulnerabilities, we recommend that customers protect their organizations by applying the patches immediately to affected systems. The vulnerabilities affect Exchange Server versions 2013, 2016, and 2019, while Exchange Server 2010 is also being updated for defense-in-depth purposes.