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U.S. Charges 3 Iranian Hackers and Sanctions Several Others Over Ransomware Attacks

The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on Wednesday announced sweeping sanctions against ten individuals and two entities backed by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for their involvement in ransomware attacks at least since October 2020. The agency said the cyber activity mounted by the individuals is partially attributable to intrusion sets tracked

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The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on Wednesday announced sweeping sanctions against ten individuals and two entities backed by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for their involvement in ransomware attacks at least since October 2020.

The agency said the cyber activity mounted by the individuals is partially attributable to intrusion sets tracked under the names APT35, Charming Kitten, Nemesis Kitten, Phosphorus, and TunnelVision.

“This group has launched extensive campaigns against organizations and officials across the globe, particularly targeting U.S. and Middle Eastern defense, diplomatic, and government personnel, as well as private industries including media, energy, business services, and telecommunications,” the Treasury said.

The Nemesis Kitten actor, which is also known as Cobalt Mirage, DEV-0270, and UNC2448, has come under the scanner in recent months for its pattern of ransomware attacks for opportunistic revenue generation using Microsoft’s built-in BitLocker tool to encrypt files on compromised devices.

Microsoft and Secureworks have characterized DEV-0270 as a subgroup of Phosphorus (aka Cobalt Illusion), with ties to another actor referred to as TunnelVision. The Windows maker also assessed with low confidence that “some of DEV-0270’s ransomware attacks are a form of moonlighting for personal or company-specific revenue generation.”

What’s more, independent analyses from the two cybersecurity firms as well as Google-owned Mandiant has revealed the group’s connections to two companies Najee Technology (which functions under the aliases Secnerd and Lifeweb) and Afkar System, both of which have been subjected to U.S. sanctions.

It’s worth noting that Najee Technology and Afkar System’s connections to the Iranian intelligence agency were first flagged by an anonymous anti-Iranian regime entity called Lab Dookhtegan earlier this year.

“The model of Iranian government intelligence functions using contractors blurs the lines between the actions tasked by the government and the actions that the private company takes on its own initiative,” Secureworks said in a new report detailing the activities of Cobalt Mirage.

While exact links between the two companies and IRGC remain unclear, the method of private Iranian firms acting as fronts or providing support for intelligence operations is well established over the years, including that of ITSecTeam (ITSEC), Mersad, Emennet Pasargad, and Rana Intelligence Computing Company.

On top of that, the Secureworks probe into a June 2022 Cobalt Mirage incident showed the metadata associated with a PDF file containing the ransom text had tagged Ahmad Khatibi as its creator, who happens to be the CEO and owner of the Iranian company Afkar System.

Ahmad Khatibi Aghda is also part of the 10 individuals sanctioned by the U.S., alongside Mansour Ahmadi, the CEO of Najee Technology, and other employees of the two enterprises who are said to be complicit in targeting various networks globally by leveraging well-known security flaws to gain initial access to further follow-on attacks.

Some of the exploited flaws, according to a joint cybersecurity advisory released by Australia, Canada, the U.K., and the U.S., as part of the IRGC-affiliated actor activity are as follows -

  • Fortinet FortiOS path traversal vulnerability (CVE-2018-13379)
  • Fortinet FortiOS default configuration vulnerability (CVE-2019-5591)
  • Fortinet FortiOS SSL VPN 2FA bypass (CVE-2020-12812)
  • ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, and CVE-2021-31207), and
  • Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, and/or CVE-2021-45105)

“Khatibi is among the cyber actors who gained unauthorized access to victim networks to encrypt the network with BitLocker and demand a ransom for the decryption keys,” the U.S. government said, in addition to adding him to the FBI’s Most Wanted list.

“He leased network infrastructure used in furtherance of this malicious cyber group’s activities, he participated in compromising victims’ networks, and he engaged in ransom negotiations with victims.”

Coinciding with the sanctions, the Justice Department separately charged Ahmadi, Khatibi, and a third Iranian national named Amir Hossein Nickaein Ravari for engaging in a criminal extortion scheme to inflict damage and losses to victims located in the U.S., Israel, and Iran.

All three individuals have been charged with one count of conspiring to commit computer fraud and related activity in connection with computers; one count of intentionally damaging a protected computer; and one count of transmitting a demand in relation to damaging a protected computer. Ahmadi has also been charged with one count of intentionally damaging a protected computer.

That’s not all. The U.S. State Department has also announced monetary rewards of up to $10 million for any information about Mansour, Khatibi, and Nikaeen and their whereabouts.

“These defendants may have been hacking and extorting victims – including critical infrastructure providers – for their personal gain, but the charges reflect how criminals can flourish in the safe haven that the Government of Iran has created and is responsible for,” Assistant Attorney General Matthew Olsen said.

The development comes close on the heels of sanctions imposed by the U.S. against Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) and its Minister of Intelligence, Esmaeil Khatib, for engaging in cyber-enabled activities against the nation and its allies.

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By Deeba Ahmed Cobalt Mirage is an Irani threat group believed to be linked to the Iranian Cobalt Illusion threat group,… This is a post from HackRead.com Read the original post: Iran’s COBALT MIRAGE Threat Group Behind Ransomware Attacks in US

CVE-2022-29855: Security Advisories

Mitel 6800 and 6900 Series SIP phone devices through 2022-04-27 have "undocumented functionality." A vulnerability in Mitel 6800 Series and 6900 Series SIP phones excluding 6970, versions 5.1 SP8 (5.1.0.8016) and earlier, and 6.0 (6.0.0.368) through 6.1 HF4 (6.1.0.165), could allow a unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the phone to gain root access due to insufficient access control for test functionality during system startup. A successful exploit could allow access to sensitive information and code execution.

CVE-2022-29855: Security Advisories

Mitel 6800 and 6900 Series SIP phone devices through 2022-04-27 have "undocumented functionality." A vulnerability in Mitel 6800 Series and 6900 Series SIP phones excluding 6970, versions 5.1 SP8 (5.1.0.8016) and earlier, and 6.0 (6.0.0.368) through 6.1 HF4 (6.1.0.165), could allow a unauthenticated attacker with physical access to the phone to gain root access due to insufficient access control for test functionality during system startup. A successful exploit could allow access to sensitive information and code execution.

CVE-2021-44548: Solr™ Security News

An Improper Input Validation vulnerability in DataImportHandler of Apache Solr allows an attacker to provide a Windows UNC path resulting in an SMB network call being made from the Solr host to another host on the network. If the attacker has wider access to the network, this may lead to SMB attacks, which may result in: * The exfiltration of sensitive data such as OS user hashes (NTLM/LM hashes), * In case of misconfigured systems, SMB Relay Attacks which can lead to user impersonation on SMB Shares or, in a worse-case scenario, Remote Code Execution This issue affects all Apache Solr versions prior to 8.11.1. This issue only affects Windows.

Microsoft’s Response to CVE-2021-44228 Apache Log4j 2

Published on: 2021 Dec 11, updated 2022 Apr 6. SUMMARY SUMMARY Microsoft continues our analysis of the remote code execution vulnerabilities related to Apache Log4j (a logging tool used in many Java-based applications) disclosed on 9 Dec 2021. Currently, Microsoft is not aware of any impact, outside of the initial disclosure involving Minecraft: Java Edition, to the security of our enterprise services and has not experienced any degradation in availability of those services as a result of this vulnerability.

CVE-2021-44228: Log4j – Apache Log4j Security Vulnerabilities

Apache Log4j2 2.0-beta9 through 2.15.0 (excluding security releases 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1) JNDI features used in configuration, log messages, and parameters do not protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints. An attacker who can control log messages or log message parameters can execute arbitrary code loaded from LDAP servers when message lookup substitution is enabled. From log4j 2.15.0, this behavior has been disabled by default. From version 2.16.0 (along with 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1), this functionality has been completely removed. Note that this vulnerability is specific to log4j-core and does not affect log4net, log4cxx, or other Apache Logging Services projects.

CVE-2021-44228: Log4j – Apache Log4j Security Vulnerabilities

Apache Log4j2 2.0-beta9 through 2.15.0 (excluding security releases 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1) JNDI features used in configuration, log messages, and parameters do not protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints. An attacker who can control log messages or log message parameters can execute arbitrary code loaded from LDAP servers when message lookup substitution is enabled. From log4j 2.15.0, this behavior has been disabled by default. From version 2.16.0 (along with 2.12.2, 2.12.3, and 2.3.1), this functionality has been completely removed. Note that this vulnerability is specific to log4j-core and does not affect log4net, log4cxx, or other Apache Logging Services projects.

CVE-2021-42117: Release Notes - TopEase Documentation

Insufficient Input Validation in Web Applications operating on Business-DNA Solutions GmbH’s TopEase® Platform Version <= 7.1.27 allows an authenticated remote attacker with Object Modification privileges to insert arbitrary HTML without code execution.

CVE-2021-32002: Cybersecurity Advisory - Secomea

Improper Access Control vulnerability in web service of Secomea SiteManager allows local attacker without credentials to gather network information and configuration of the SiteManager. This issue affects: Secomea SiteManager All versions prior to 9.5 on Hardware.

CVE-2021-21285: Docker Engine release notes

In Docker before versions 9.03.15, 20.10.3 there is a vulnerability in which pulling an intentionally malformed Docker image manifest crashes the dockerd daemon. Versions 20.10.3 and 19.03.15 contain patches that prevent the daemon from crashing.

CVE-2019-9167: Security Disclosures - Nagios

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Nagios XI before 5.5.11 allows attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the xiwindow parameter.