Headline
Deserialized web security roundup: KeePass dismisses ‘vulnerability’ report, OpenSSL gets patched, and Reddit admits phishing hack
Your fortnightly rundown of AppSec vulnerabilities, new hacking techniques, and other cybersecurity news
John Leyden 10 February 2023 at 16:30 UTC
Your fortnightly rundown of AppSec vulnerabilities, new hacking techniques, and other cybersecurity news
KeePass has become the latest password manager utility obliged to defend its reputation following the discovery of an alleged vulnerability.
Security researchers warned that it might be possible to set up a trigger that exports everything from the KeePass database in cleartext, before syphoning off secret data. The vulnerability – whose seriousness is disputed – is being tracked as CVE-2023-24055.
As Bleeping Computer reports, KeePass maintains the issue only comes into play in cases where an attacker already has control of a compromised account – in which case it’s ‘game over’ already.
Issues in password managers have been a particular focus for security researchers since a mishandled security incident involving LastPass last year that eventually prompted the vendor to admit encrypted password vaults had leaked.
Master keys for these vaults were not exposed, limiting the scope for harm, but the affair was nonetheless troubling.
The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is pushing plans to require technology manufacturers to make their products secure by design.
CISA director Jen Easterly and executive assistant director Eric Goldstein outlined the proposals in an essay published by Foreign Affairs magazine.
On Thursday, developers of the OpenSSL project released patches covering a variety of vulnerabilities in the encryption library, including a high impact flaw (tracked as CVE-2023-0286). The flaw meant that sophisticated attackers might be able to either read system memory or cause a denial of service on affected systems.
Thursday also brought news that a sysadmin on Reddit had fallen victim to a phishing attack. The social news site admitted that attackers had “gained access to some internal documents, code, and some internal business systems” while stating that it reckoned “Reddit user passwords and accounts are safe”.
The Daily Swig also recently reported that Google has developed proposals to mitigate the impact of prototype pollution (a class of JavaScript vulnerability), how a security researcher hacked into Toyota’s supplier management network, and on a privacy storm involving a new host of popular pen testing tool XSS Hunter since the last edition of Deserialized. You can catch up with the full range of our recent news coverage by visiting The Daily Swig’s homepage.
Here are some more web security stories and other cybersecurity news that caught our attention in the last fortnight:
Web Vulnerabilities
- Cisco devices / Technology to deploy application containers/virtual machines directly on devices was flawed because user input for the ‘DHCP Client ID’ option wasn’t sanitized / Disclosed with patch on February 1
- Dompdf / Critical / URI validation failure on SVG parsing / URI validation can be bypassed on SVG parsing, potentially leading to arbitrary object unserialize on PHP, through the phar URL wrapper / disclosed with patch last week
- F5 BIG-IP / High / Format string flaw in iControl SOAP allows an authenticated attacker to crash the iControl SOAP CGI process or, potentially, execute arbitrary code / Disclosed with a patch on February 1
- Jira Service Management Server and Data Center / Critical / Broken authentication / vendor alert and patch issued on February 1
- Skyhigh Security Secure Web Gateway / High / XSS in single sign-on plugin / Disclosed with a patch on January 26
Research and attack techniques
- A detailed analysis of a remote source disclosure vulnerability in PHP development server offers pointers towards necessary follow-up work. The flaw – which meant that the source code of PHP files was exposed as if they were static files – was resolved, but even so “Shodan queries reveal many exposed instances of the built-in server”, the researchers warn
- A vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine’s SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) implementation – dubbed SAML ShowStopper – leaves enterprise-based SSO (Single-Sign-On) deployments at a heightened risk of attack. Security researcher Khoa Dinh offers a detailed analysis of flaw in warning that any vendors (not just ManageEngine) relying on older versions of xmlsec and xalan might be at similar risk
- A blog post by Skylight Cyber details common misconfigurations in the SaltStack IT orchestration platform, as encountered in the wild, as well as detailing a “novel template injection technique that can achieve remote code execution on a salt-master (or master-of-masters) server”.
- Proofpoint has discovered that attackers are using malicious third-party OAuth apps to infiltrate organizations’ cloud environments. “Threat actors satisfied Microsoft’s requirements for third-party OAuth apps by abusing the Microsoft ‘verified publisher’ status,” the security researchers report
- Researchers from Ermetic have discovered an RCE vulnerability impacting services such as Function Apps, App Service and Logic Apps on Azure cloud. The EmojiDeploy vulnerability was sprung through CSRF against source control management service (SCM) Kudu
- Security researcher ‘eta’ has successfully reverse-engineered the encoding process for barcodes associated with UK mobile rail tickets. The work allows interested parties to decode their own tickets with a web tool developed by the researcher
Bug bounty / vulnerability disclosure
- Google has expanded its OSS-Fuzz project, a free platform for continuous fuzzing to critical open source projects. The technology, which has helped to identify 8,800 vulnerabilities across 850 projects since its launch in 2016, is getting a boost through the offer of higher financial rewards for contributors that integrate new projects into OSS-Fuzz.
- Security researcher Youssef Sammouda claimed a $44,500 payout after discovering a security flaw that made it possible to take over Facebook/Oculus accounts. As explained in a technical write-up by Sammouda, the hack relied on First-Party access_token stealing.
New open source infosec/hacking tools
- Checkmarx has put together a built-to-be-vulnerable API application based on the OWASP top 10 API vulnerabilities. The utility – dubbed c{api}tal – is designed to be a learning and training resource focused on API security.
- Ronin 2.0 offers a revamped version of a free and Open Source Ruby toolkit for security research and development. The latest version of Ronin, enhanced with new API libraries, contains many different CLI commands and Ruby libraries optimized to carry out a range of tasks including scanning for web vulnerabilities and running exploits.
- Developers have released a new version of EMBA – an embedded device firmware security analyzer geared to the needs of penetration testers. Its functionality is explained on a GitHub page.
- SH1MMER, an exploit capable of completely unenrolling enterprise-managed Chromebooks.
For devs
- Developers should check out an informative post on integrating Nuclei, an open-source tool for scanning web applications, into their GitHub CI/CD pipelines
- SBOM Scorecard offers a tool that helps developers to quantify what a well-generated SBOM looks like, accessing the richness of metadata that can later be queried
- The precloud utility offers an open source CLI that runs checks on infrastructure as code to catch potential deployment issues. The tool, which offers dynamic tests for infrastructure-as-code, works by “comparing resources in CDK diffs and Terraform Plans against the state of your cloud account”
More industry news
- US standards body NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) has launched a new voluntary framework for the management of AI-associated risk. NIST’s AI Risk Management Framework is designed towards “improving the ability to incorporate trustworthiness considerations into the design, development, use, and evaluation of AI products, services, and systems”.
- Scammers are buying ads on Google promoting fraudulent sites that pose as login portals for password management tool Bitwarden.
For fun
Codebreakers have decoded a cache of more than 500 encoded letters written by Mary, Queen of Scots, during her years of captivity between 1578 and 1584.
The code – made up only of graphical symbols – was cracked using a combination of “computerized cryptanalysis, manual code-breaking, and linguistic and contextual analysis”, Ars Technica reports.
The letters were relayed by secret couriers, principally to the French ambassador, Michel de Castelnau. However Elizabeth I’s spymaster, Francis Walsingham, had a mole in the French embassy who gave the spy access to decoded copies of the correspondence.
A paper on the codebreaking work, likely to help historians researching the period, was published by specialist journal Cryptologia.
PREVIOUS EDITION Deserialized web security roundup: ‘Catastrophic cyber events’, another T-Mobile breach, more LastPass problems
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Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-1439-01 - OpenSSL is a toolkit that implements the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols, as well as a full-strength general-purpose cryptography library.
An update for openssl is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-0286: A type confusion vulnerability was found in OpenSSL when OpenSSL X.400 addresses processing inside an X.509 GeneralName. When CRL checking is enabled (for example, the application sets the X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK flag), this vulnerability may allow an attacker to pass arbitrary pointers to a memcmp call, enabling them to r...
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An update for openssl is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.1 Update Services for SAP Solutions. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-0286: A type confusion vulnerability was found in OpenSSL when OpenSSL X.400 addresses processing inside an X.509 GeneralName. When CRL checking is enabled (for example, the application sets the X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK flag), this vulnerability may allow an attacker to pass arbitrary pointers to a memcmp call, enabling...
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Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-1335-01 - OpenSSL is a toolkit that implements the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols, as well as a full-strength general-purpose cryptography library.
An update for openssl is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2023-0286: A type confusion vulnerability was found in OpenSSL when OpenSSL X.400 addresses processing inside an X.509 GeneralName. When CRL checking is enabled (for example, the application sets the X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK flag), this vulnerability may allow an attacker to pass arbitrary pointers to a memcmp call, enabling them to read memory contents or cau...
Red Hat Security Advisory 2023-1199-01 - OpenSSL is a toolkit that implements the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols, as well as a full-strength general-purpose cryptography library. Issues addressed include buffer overflow, double free, and use-after-free vulnerabilities.
An update for openssl is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Extended Update Support. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2022-4203: A flaw was found in Open SSL. A read buffer overrun can be triggered in X.509 certificate verification, specifically in name constraint checking. Note that this occurs after certificate chain signature verification, and requires either a CA to have signed the malicious certificate or for the application to continue certif...
The bundle management subsystem within OpenHarmony-v3.1.4 and prior versions has a null pointer reference vulnerability which local attackers can exploit this vulnerability to cause a DoS attack to the system when installing a malicious HAP package.
An update for openssl is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Moderate. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section.This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Red Hat Inc. and provide a link to the original. Related CVEs: * CVE-2022-4203: A flaw was found in Open SSL. A read buffer overrun can be triggered in X.509 certificate verification, specifically in name constraint checking. Note that this occurs after certificate chain signature verification, and requires either a CA to have signed the malicious certificate or for the application to continue certificate verification despite...
The OpenSSL Project has released fixes to address several security flaws, including a high-severity bug in the open source encryption toolkit that could potentially expose users to malicious attacks. Tracked as CVE-2023-0286, the issue relates to a case of type confusion that may permit an adversary to "read memory contents or enact a denial-of-service," the maintainers said in an advisory. The
pyca/cryptography's wheels include a statically linked copy of OpenSSL. The versions of OpenSSL included in cryptography 0.8.1-39.0.0 are vulnerable to a security issue. More details about the vulnerabilities themselves can be found in https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20221213.txt and https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230207.txt. If you are building cryptography source ("sdist") then you are responsible for upgrading your copy of OpenSSL. Only users installing from wheels built by the cryptography project (i.e., those distributed on PyPI) need to update their cryptography versions.
A NULL pointer can be dereferenced when signatures are being verified on PKCS7 signed or signedAndEnveloped data. In case the hash algorithm used for the signature is known to the OpenSSL library but the implementation of the hash algorithm is not available the digest initialization will fail. There is a missing check for the return value from the initialization function which later leads to invalid usage of the digest API most likely leading to a crash. The unavailability of an algorithm can be caused by using FIPS enabled configuration of providers or more commonly by not loading the legacy provider. PKCS7 data is processed by the SMIME library calls and also by the time stamp (TS) library calls. The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call these functions however third party applications would be affected if they call these functions to verify signatures on untrusted data.
Ubuntu Security Notice 5845-2 - USN-5845-1 fixed several vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. This update provides the corresponding update for Ubuntu 14.04 ESM and Ubuntu 16.04 ESM. David Benjamin discovered that OpenSSL incorrectly handled X.400 address processing. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to read arbitrary memory contents or cause OpenSSL to crash, resulting in a denial of service.
** DISPUTED ** KeePass through 2.53 (in a default installation) allows an attacker, who has write access to the XML configuration file, to obtain the cleartext passwords by adding an export trigger. NOTE: the vendor's position is that the password database is not intended to be secure against an attacker who has that level of access to the local PC.